КОРЕКЦІЯ ДИСБІОЗУ КИШЕЧНИКА У ХВОРИХ, ОПЕРОВАНИХ З ПРИВОДУ РАКУ ШЛУНКА

SUMMARY. The paper presents the results of changes of the intestinal microflora of the large intestine in different stages of tumor before and after treatment. Especially important to the timely identification and treatment of intestinal candidosis, as prevention of systematic and generalized candidosis in patients with high-risk groups, which primarily include patients who take out radial anti-tumor and / or chemotherapy. After treatment in patients with stomach cancer there was observed a reduced number of dysbiosis colon and reduce intestinal candidosis that facilitates the quality of life of patients.РЕЗЮМЕ. У роботі представлені результати зміни показників кишкової мікрофлори товстої кишки на різних стадіях пухлинного процесу до та після лікування. Особливо важливі вчасне розпізнання та терапія кишкового кандидозу, як профілактика системного та генералізованого кандидозу у пацієнтів із груп ризику, до яких насамперед належать пацієнти, які отримують протипухлинну променеву та/або хіміотерапію. Після лікування у хворих на рак шлунка спостерігали зменшення дисбіозу товстої кишки, а також зменшення кишкового кандидозу, що дозволяє поліпшити якість життя пацієнтів

Active learning and optimal climate policy

This paper develops a climate-economy model with uncertainty, irreversibility, and active learning. Whereas previous papers assume learning from one observation per period, or experiment with control variables to gain additional information, this paper considers active learning from investment in monitoring, specifically in improved observations of the global mean temperature. We find that the decision maker invests a significant amount of money in climate research, far more than the current level, in order to increase the rate of learning about climate change. This helps the decision maker make improved decisions. The level of uncertainty decreases more rapidly in the active learning model than in the passive learning model with only temperature observations. As the uncertainty about climate change is smaller, active learning reduces the optimal carbon tax. The greater the risk, the larger is the effect of learning. The method proposed here is applicable to any dynamic control problem where the quality of monitoring is a choice variable, for instance, the precision at which we observe GDP, unemployment, or the quality of education

Племінники як суб’єкти спадкування: теоретичні та практичні аспекти

The article is focused on the problems of legal succession by a special category of lawful heirs – nephews. The analysis of scientific works, the authors of which studied specific features of legal succession, has been carried out. All stages of legal succession in accordance with the Civil Code of Ukraine have been listed. The current legislation, court decisions, legal doctrine have been analyzed; and it has been established that inheritance by nephews has problems in practical application. The procedure of inheritance by nephews according to the right of representation has been studied taking into account that it currently remains one of the problematic issues in practical application. It has been established that it is the way how the legislator protects the property rights and interests of the latter. The authors have determined that if there are several lawful heirs (nephew, niece), the share of the deceased testator is divided equally between lawful heirs. It has been noted that inheritance law as an institution of civil law occupies a leading place in the system of protecting human rights and interests. It is due to the fact that hereditary relations began to be formed and protected by Roman lawyers. Both our state and many foreign states still pay much attention to improving the legislation in the field of inheritance law. The authors have noted that the relevance of the above institution is the fact that the subject matter of these legal relations are always property rights and responsibilities, and their protection depends on the proper implementation of the law enforcement function of state authorities. Given that the legal consequences for lawful heirs occur after the death of the testator, the main task of state authorities is to ensure the proper transfer of inheritance to lawful heirs. The authors of the paper have focused on the way how to prove the family and other relations of lawful heirs with the testator, because it is an important aspect of inheritance relations, since the correct establishment of family relationship influences the legal transfer of inheritance. It has been established that there are practical and theoretical problems in these legal relations, which are related to the procedure of inheritance transfer to the above-mentioned subjects.Статтю присвячено особливостям спадкування за законом такою категорією спадкоємців, як племінники. Здійснено аналіз наукових праць, автори яких вивчали особливості спадкування за законом. Установлено, що поряд з іншими суб’єктами, які мають право на спадщину, законодавець захищає майнові права та інтереси племінників, урегулювавши цю процедуру спадкування у вигляді права представлення. Зазначено особливості спадкування племінниками за правом представлення, охарактеризовано, яким саме чином здійснюється доказування родинних та інших відносин спадкоємців зі спадкодавцем

Правова природа самочинного будівництва як комплексної категорії: питання теорії та практики

The article is devoted to the problems of spontaneous construction in comparing the public interest in ensuring the sustainability of civil turnover, the introduction of as much property as possible through the elimination of certain defective legal regimes, as well as private interests of landowners, developers and some other participants in civil turnover (customers, contractors, equity investors, etc.). The approach to defining the essence of unauthorized construction as a way to acquire ownership of certain real estate, which has certain defects in the identification process, as well as in terms of behavioral and object perception of this legal phenomenon is determined. It is established that in the legislation of the European Union there is a perception of the property law (Germany, Austria) and the binding legal law (France) model of the legal nature of spontaneous construction. Ukrainian legislation reproduces the features of both models within the Civil Code of Ukraine and special regulations. It is emphasized that the law-making legal fact for the recognition of the relevant real right to unauthorized construction is a court decision or a decision of an administrative body. At the same time, in order for the emergence of property rights, the case law does not in any way level the existence of the procedure for putting immovable property into civil circulation. The judicial practice and the development of the science of civil law are analyzed, on the basis of which it is concluded that the current approach, which differentiates construction activities, endowed with signs of unauthorized construction, where the determinants are the place of its holding, the volume and quality characteristics associated with the lawful or illegal use of land. Given the behavioral or objective perception of the legal nature of unauthorized construction, an analysis of the case law of courts of various instances, resulting in the own vision of resolving legal situations to regulate public relations for unauthorized construction depending on the legal status of entities claiming to legitimize it, or the legal regime of such property. According to the results of the study of the content of the draft Concept of renewal of the Civil Code of Ukraine, attention was drawn to the prospects for further improvements in the legal regulation of civil relations in relation to unauthorized construction.У статті досліджено правову природу самочинного будівництва у співставленні публічного інтересу щодо забезпечення сталості цивільного обороту, введення до нього якомога більшої кількості майна шляхом усунення певних дефектних правових режимів, а також приватних інтересів власників земельних ділянок, забудовників та інших учасників цивільного обороту (замовників, підрядників, пайових інвесторів тощо). Виокремлено підхід до визначення сутності самочинного будівництва як способу набуття права власності на певне нерухоме майно, яке має окремі дефекти у процедурі легітимації, а також із точки зору поведінкового та об’єктового сприйняття вказаного правового явища

Reversibility of retinal ischemia due to central retinal artery occlusion by hyperbaric oxygen

Amir Hadanny,1,2 Amit Maliar,1 Gregory Fishlev,1 Yair Bechor,1 Jacob Bergan,1 Mony Friedman,1 Isaac Avni,2,3 Shai Efrati1,2,4,5 1Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; 2Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; 3Opthalmology Department, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zeirifin, Israel; 4Research and Development Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; 5Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel Purpose: Ischemic retinal damage can be reversed by hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) as long as irreversible infarction damage has not developed. However, the time window till irreversible damage develops is still unknown. The study aim was to evaluate the effect of HBOT and determine possible markers for irreversible retinal damage.Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of 225 patients treated with HBOT for central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in 1999–2015. One hundred and twenty-eight patients fulfilled inclusion/exclusion criteria: age >18 years, symptoms <20 hours, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) <0.5 logMAR.Results: Time delay from symptoms to treatment was 7.8±3.8 hours. The BCVA was significantly improved after HBOT, from 2.14±0.50 to 1.61±0.78 (P<0.0001). The proportion of patients with clinically meaningful visual improvement was significantly higher in patients without cherry-red spot (CRS) compared to patients with CRS at presentation (86.0% vs 57.6%, P<0.0001). The percentage of patients with final BCVA better than 1.0 was also significantly higher in patients without CRS vs patients with CRS at presentation (61.0% vs 7.1%, P<0.0001). There was no correlation between CRS and the time from symptoms. HBOT was found to be safe, and only 5.5% of patients had minor, reversible, adverse events.Conclusion: HBOT is an effective treatment for non-arteritic CRAO as long as CRS has not formed. The fundus findings, rather than the time delay, should be used as a marker for irreversible damage. Keywords: HBOT, hyperbaric oxygen, central retinal artery occlusion, cherry-red spot, CRAO, retinal ischemi