Ammonium chloride; as a mild and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of some 2-arylbenzothiazoles and bisbenzothiazole derivatives

An efficient protocol has been developed for the preparation of a series of 2-arylbenzothiazoles derivatives from condensation of 2-aminothiophenol with aromatic aldehydes using ammonium chloride, which is a very inexpensive, metal-free and readily available reagent. The target compounds were obtained in good to excellent yields (58-92%) under fairly mild reaction conditions at room temperature

Worsened Dysrhythmia after Chemical Cardioversion with Digoxin; a Case of Malpractice

The patient was a 23-year-old man referred to the emergency department (ED) with the chief complaint of palpitation. The patient experienced dizziness, cold sweating, and lightheadedness after getting up which started spontaneously. He had four episodes of the same problems in seven months ago that felt better after taking 10 mg propranolol. But, in the current episode his problem was not solved by the same medication. He had no history of smoking, substance abuse, medication use, congenital heart disease, syncope, previous surgery, chest trauma, or any other known medical problems. As well, he had no any positive history of the same problems in his family. The patients’ on-arrival vital signs were as follow: systolic blood pressure (SBP): 90 mmHg, pulse rate (PR): 150/minute, respiratory rate (RR): 14/minute, oral temperature: 37◦C, oxygen saturation 96% with nasal cannula and 100% oxygen, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) 15/15. He was not experienced any other concomitant problems such as ischemic chest discomfort, shortness of breathing, or sign of circulatory shock such as paleness, mottling, etc. On general physical examination the patients’ lung and heart sounds, four limbs pulses, and capillary refile were normal. As well, focused neurological and abdominal examinations did not have any positive finding. The patient underwent close cardiac, vital sign monitoring and electrocardiography (ECG). Figure 1 shows the on-arrival patients’ ECG. Atrial fibrillation (AF) was diagnosed by the corresponding physician and digoxin (!?) prescribed that led to severe lethargy, weakness, sweating, and bradycardia. Figure 2 shows the post mediation ECG of patient

Acetic acid-promoted condensation of o-phenylenediamine with aldehydes into 2-aryl-1-(arylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazoles under microwave irradiation

Abstract: An efficient and simple procedure was developed for the green synthesis of various 2-aryl-1-(arylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazoles in high yields by acetic acid-promoted condensation of o-phenylenediamine with aldehydes in air under microwave irradiation and transition metal catalystfree conditions

1,1′-(Ethane-1,2-di­yl)dipyridinium bis­(iodate)

The title salt, C12H14N2 2+·2IO3 −, exhibits two crystallographically independent iodate anions, the I atoms of which are each in a trigonal–pyramidal environment. In the dication, the two pyridine rings adopt an anti conformation with respect to each other; the angle between these two rings is 3.84 (19)°. In the crystal structure, C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the cations and anions lead to the formation of layers arranged parallel to the ab plane. I⋯O halogen bonds [R 2 2(4) graph-set motif] range between 2.873 (2) and 3.036 (3) Å and connect neighbouring IO3 − anions with each other along [100], so as to create a three-dimensional network

Long and Short-term Metformin Consumption as a Potential Therapy to Prevent Complications of COVID-19

Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of metformin in complication improvement of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial that involved 189 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Patients in the intervention group received metformin-500 mg twice daily. Patients who received metformin before admission were excluded from the control group. Patients who were discharged before taking at least 2000 mg of metformin were excluded from the study. Primary outcomes were vital signs, need for ICU admission, need for intubation, and mortality. Results: Data showed that patients with diabetes with previous metformin in their regimen had lower percentages of ICU admission and death in comparison with patients without diabetes (11.3% vs. 26.1% (P=0.014) and 4.9% vs. 23.9% (P≤0.001), respectively). Admission time characteristics were the same for both groups except for diabetes and hyperlipidemia, which were significantly different between the two groups. Observations of naproxen consumption on endpoints, duration of hospitalization, and the levels of spO2 did not show any significant differences between the intervention and the control group. The adjusted OR for intubation in the intervention group versus the control group was 0.21 [95% CI, 0.04-0.99 (P=0.047)]. Conclusion: In this trial, metformin consumption had no effect on mortality and ICU admission rates in non-diabetic patients. However, metformin improved COVID-19 complications in diabetic patients who had been receiving metformin prior to COVID-19 infection, and it significantly lowered the intubation rates

Captopril supported on magnetic graphene nitride, a sustainable and green catalyst for one-pot multicomponent synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromene and 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine

Abstract Captopril (CAP) is a safe, cost-effective, and environmentally organic compound that can be used as an effective organo-catalyst. Functional groups of captopril make it capable to attach to solid support and acting as promoters in organic transformations. In this work, captopril was attached to the surface of magnetic graphene nitride by employing a linker agent. The synthesized composite efficiently catalyzed two multicomponent reactions including the synthesis of 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine and 2-amino-4H-chromene derivatives. A large library of functional targeted products was synthesized in mild reaction conditions. More importantly, this catalyst was stable and magnetically recycled and reused for at least five runs without losing catalytic activity

Mn(III) Schiff base complexes containing crown ether rings immobilized onto MCM-41 matrix as heterogeneous catalysts for oxidation of alkenes

Six catalysts MnL1–MnL6, containing two crown ether rings and their analogs supported on the MCM-41 heterogeneous substrate (MnL1@MCM41-MnL5@MCM41) were synthesized and characterized. A mixture of molecular oxygen, as an oxidant, and these catalysts were used for the epoxidation of styrene. As a general result, the supported catalysts showed better performance compared with the unsupported analogs. On the other hand, the supported species, in addition to recyclability, did not require an axial base and reducing agent

Room-temperature synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles using sulfuric acid immobilized on silica as a reusable catalyst under heterogeneous conditions

Abstract Application of sulfuric acid immobilized on silica gel as an efficient and benign catalyst has been explored in the synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles via condensation reaction of aldehydes with 2-aminothiophenol. The reactions proceed under heterogeneous and mild conditions in ethanol at room temperature to provide 2-arylbenzothiazoles in high yields

SO3H-dendrimer functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@D NH (CH2)4SO3H): Synthesis, characterization and its application as a novel and heterogeneous catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyrans and polyhydroquinolines

In this study, novel SO3H-dendrimer functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@D-NH- (CH2)(4) SO3H) were prepared and characterized by using FT-IR, X-ray diffraction patterns, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetry analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The synthesized nanosized catalyst was successfully applied to the synthesis of highly substituted pyrans and polyhydroquinolines via a straightforward one-pot multicomponent condensation reaction. The key advantages are the short reaction time, high yields, simple workup, and purification of products by simple recrystallization from ethanol. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Heteropolyacid-based ionic liquid [Simp] 3 PW 12 O 40 nanoparticle as a productive catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1- b ]phthalazine-triones under solvent-free conditions

A novel Keggin-type heteropolyacid-based ionic liquid [Simp]3PW12O40 was developed via the reaction of the as synthesized ionic liquid 3-sulfonic acid 1-imidazolopyridinium hydrogen sulfate [Simp]HSO4 with an aqueous solution of H3PW12O40. Then, the formulated [Simp]3PW12O40 was changed to the nano-form via solvothermal processing in tetralin at 220 °C. After that, the provided powdered solid nanomaterial was characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, XRD, SEM, EDX and TGA analyses. Then, the focused nanomaterial was handled as a productive and encouraging nanocatalyst for the establishment of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-trione attendants through one-pot, multi-component contraction of aldehydes, phthalhydrazide, and dimedone under solventless status and the generality and practical tolerance of this useful and environmentally benign method are illustrated. The simple work-up, smooth reaction conditions, good to excellent yields, and reasonably short reaction times are the particular benefits of this protocol. Besides, the new nano-powdered ionic liquid was a successful and modest catalyst that could definitely be recycled and reused several times without apparent decrease in its catalytic activity