El Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) y su repercusión en los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje de la inmunología

Este proyecto de innovación docente, pretendió adaptar la asignatura de Inmunología, de la Licenciatura de Bioquímica, al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Para ello, fue necesario realizar una guía de programación docente que recogiese todas y cada unas de las actividades e innovaciones a realizar con los alumnos, sus objetivos, metodología y temporización para el desarrollo del aprendizaje y finalmente los resultados esperados.This educational innovation project sought to adapt the subject of Immunology, from Biochemistry degree, to European Space of Higher Education. For it, was necessary to devise a guide of educational programming which to collect all the activities and innovations to carry out with the students, its objectives, methodology and timekeeping for the development of the learning and finally the results expected

The role of melatonin in autoimmune and atopic diseases

Melatonin is the main secretory product synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland during the night. Melatonin is a pleitropic molecule with a wide distribution within phylogenetically distant organisms and has a great functional versatility, including the regulation of circadian and seasonal rhythms and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It also possesses the capacity to modulate immune responses by regulation of the TH1/TH2 balance and cytokine production. Immune system eradicates infecting organisms without serious injury to host tissues, but sometimes these responses are inadequately controlled, giving rise to called hypersensitivity diseases, or inappropriately targeted to host tissues, causing the autoimmune diseases. In clinical medicine, the hypersensitivity diseases include the allergic or atopic diseases and the hallmarks of these diseases are the activation of TH2 cells and the production of IgE antibody. Regarding autoimmunity, at the present time we know that the key events in the development of autoimmunity are a failure or breakdown of the mechanisms normally responsible for maintaining self-tolerance in B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, or both, the recognition of self-antigens by autoreactive lymphocytes, the activation of these cells to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells, and the tissue injury caused by the effector cells and their products. Melatonin treatment has been investigated in atopic diseases, in several animal models of autoimmune diseases, and has been also evaluated in clinical autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the role of melatonin in atopic diseases (atopic dermatitis and asthma) and in several autoimmune diseases, such as arthritis rheumatoid, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and inflammatory bowel diseases.Consejería de Innovación Ciencia y Empresa CTS-16

No se golpea, no se lesiona, no se asesina ¡jamás!. Cuidados de urgencias en el maltrato a mujeres

En los últimos años ha habido un incremento de los malos tratos y agresiones físicas a las mujeres; ello hace necesario una agilización en el tratamiento social, médico y judicial de estas pacientes. Nuestro estudio describe y analiza los datos estadísticos de las mujeres maltratadas que fueron atendidas en el Centro de Urgencias y Especialidades Médicas del Ayuntamiento de Sevilla durante el año 2000

Perspectiva estructuralista de la innovación : evaluación del entrenamiento en Andalucía como minoración del estrés

Este informe describe y compara percepciones desenvueltas de profesores' con ansiedad profesional sobre actividades de formacion permanente realizadas en Andalucía. Se contrastaron 20 hipótesis principales, curtidas en 89 subhipótesis. Los profesores no se distinguieron entre sí por variables de hondura contextual o condición demográfica. Se confirmaron las diferencias en el profesorado por algún factor articulador de actividades formativas: motiva participante, saberes adquiridos, contenido de cursos, calidad de acti--ción de vidades formativas y medida de la eficacia de cursos.__________________________________ This report describes and compares perceptions of teachers participating on in-service training activities in Andalucia with regard to professional anxiety. 20 main hypothesis were contrasted involving 89 subhypothesis. The teachers don't distinguish between them for contextual depth variables or demographic condition. The differences found among teachers were through factor which refer to formative activities: participant motivation, acquired knowledges, content of courses, quality of formative activities, and measurement of the efficacy of courses

Possible involvement of the inhibition of NF-kβ factor in anti_inflammatory actions that melatonin exert on mast cells

Melatonin is a molecule endogenously produced in a wide variety of immune cells, including mast cells (RBL-2H3). It exhibits immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. The physiologic mechanisms underlying these activities of melatonin have not been clarified in mast cells. This work is designed to determine the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of action of melatonin on activated mast cells. RBL-2H3 were pre-treated with exogenous melatonin (MELx) at physiological (100nM) and pharmacological (1mM) doses for 30 min, washed and activated with PMACI (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187) for 2h and 12h. The data shows that pre-treatment of MELx in stimulated mast cells, significantly reduced the levels of endogenous melatonin production (MELn), TNF-alpha and IL-6. These effects are directly related with the MELx concentration used. MELx also inhibited IKK/NF-kB signal transduction pathway in stimulated mast cells. These results indicate a molecular basis for the ability of melatonin to prevent inflammation and for the treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases through the down-regulation of mast cell activation

Mast Cell Changes the Phenotype of Microglia via Histamine and ATP

Background/Aims: Microglia are the dynamic motile phagocytes of the brain considered the first line of defense against threats or disturbances to the Central Nervous System (CNS). Microglia help orchestrate the immunological response by interacting with others immune cells. Mast cells (MCs) are effector cells of the innate immune system distributed in all organs and vascularized tissues, brain included. Several molecular mechanisms for potential interactions between MCs and microglia have been determined. However, the effect of MCs on regulated exocytosis and phagocytic clearance in microglia has not been explored. Methods: Cocktails of MCs mediators (MCM) obtained at 37°C and 53°C were used to induce microglia activation. Changes in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i and ATP release were studied by calcium and quinacrine fluorescence imaging. Fluorescent latex beads were used to assay phagocytosis in microglia after MCM treatment and compared to that measured in the presence of histamine, ATP and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Iba-1 expression and area were quantified by immunofluorescence and histamine levels evaluated by ELISA techniques. Results: Local application onto microglia of the MC mediator cocktail elicited Ca2+ transients and exocytotic release associated with quinacrine dye de-staining. Ca2+ signals were mimicked by histamine and blocked by the H1 receptor (H1R) antagonist, cetirizine. Hydrolysis of ATP by apyrase also affected Ca2+ transients to a lesser extent. Iba-1 fluorescence, cell area and phagocytosis were enhanced by histamine through H1R. However, ATP prevented iba-1 expression and microglial phagocytosis. MCM showed combined effects of histamine and ATP, increasing the number of internalized microbeads per cell and area without raising iba1 expression. Conclusion: Our results highlight the relevance of MC-derived histamine and ATP in the modulation of secretory and phagocytic activities that would explain the heterogeneity of microglial responses in different pathological contexts.Agencia Estatal de Investigación/ProyectoJunta de Andalucí

Trasplante hepático y calidad de vida

Red Temática de Investigación en trasplante RETIC FIS C03/0