Planning for post-industrial society : a theoretical framework

Bibliography: leaf 395-409.This research stems from the proposition that important qualitative changes are occurring within Western Society, and that these changes call for new forms of individual and organisational adaptation. Planning is a pre-eminently suitable way of adapting in an appropriate fashion to the complexities of change, rather than through ad hoc responses. Four tendencies appear to be prevalent and to persist within what may be termed these technologically advanced societies; these are: high and accelerating rates of technological and social change; an unevenness in these rates of change, especially among different parts of the environment in which organisations operate; an increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among these environmental parts; and an increasing overall size and complexity of the environment and its consistuent organisations. System's theory, it is felt, will provide a particularly apt conceptual framework for the consideration of these problems, which will be made explicit and amplified primarily through an exploration of these concepts which are central to a theory of behavioural systems. It is argued that the conditions in which social activity occurs are, in many parts of the world, becoming subject to important qualitative changes which demand new responses and modes of adaptation of behaviour, which look to what may be termed a new 'appreciative' outlook, in which a central element will be a recognition that units within ecological consideration must become the basis for achieving equitable outcomes. Chapters 7 and 8 discuss planning, the method which all social units at all levels use when attempting to regulate relations with others in order to continue functioning effectively. Here, the conceptual framework will be used to examine this problem of planning. Further, to refine the notion of planning, technical, natural, institutional, economic, conflict and social systems will be examined. In particular, urban planning will be looked at as of increasingly critical concern as the result of the world urbanisation process. A new paradigm for planning will be suggested which draws together the main elements of the thesis, in which the aims and techniques of enquiry will be from the making of explanations which derive from single purpose approaches to the furtherance of understanding desired from a more inclusive and comprehensive standpoint

Jewish Chaplaincy in the British Armed Forces, from its Inception in 1892 until the Present Day

Only during the last two decades has the entire subject of the interface of war, faith and religion begun to receive scholarly attention. Research has not until now extended to the thesis topic of British Jewish military chaplaincy. The thesis is therefore based largely upon original research, locating material from a broad spectrum of sources, publicly available and private, to form a coherent narrative of British Jewish chaplaincy from its inception in 1892 until the present day. The thesis seeks to understand Jewish chaplaincy as a product of larger social and institutional change and to contextualise it within broader interpretations by leading contemporary historians of British Jewish history and of Jewish military history. It argues that the initiative for the creation and development of Jewish chaplaincy in the British armed forces derived at key points mainly from the British Jewish community through its representative bodies and from some individuals, with the governmental and military authorities in a generally supportive but essentially reactive role. It also argues that during both world wars in the frequent inevitable absence of an official chaplain what might be termed unofficial chaplaincy by Jewish soldiers facilitating spiritual support and religious observance for themselves and others was of real significance

Towards a generalized theory of low-frequency sound source localization

Low-frequency sound source localization generates considerable amount of disagreement between audio/acoustics researchers, with some arguing that below a certain frequency humans cannot localize a source with others insisting that in certain cases localization is possible, even down to the lowest audible of frequencies. Nearly all previous work in this area depends on subjective evaluations to formulate theorems for low-frequency localization. This, of course, opens the argument of data reliability, a critical factor that may go some way to explain the reported ambiguities with regard to low-frequency localization. The resulting proposal stipulates that low-frequency source localization is highly dependent on room dimensions, source/listener location and absorptive properties. In some cases, a source can be accurately localized down to the lowest audible of frequencies, while in other situations it cannot. This is relevant as the standard procedure in live sound reinforcement, cinema sound and home-theater surround sound is to have a single mono channel for the low-frequency content, based on the assumption that human’s cannot determine direction in this band. This work takes the first steps towards showing that this may not be a universally valid simplification and that certain sound reproduction systems may actually benefit from directional low-frequency content

A numerically exact local solver applied to salt boundary inversion in seismic full-waveform inversion

In a set of problems ranging from 4-D seismic to salt boundary estimation, updates to the velocity model often have a highly localized nature. Numerical techniques for these applications such as full-waveform inversion (FWI) require an estimate of the wavefield to compute the model updates. When dealing with localized problems, it is wasteful to compute these updates in the global domain, when we only need them in our region of interest. This paper introduces a local solver that generates forward and adjoint wavefields which are, to machine precision, identical to those generated by a full-domain solver evaluated within the region of interest. This means that the local solver computes all interactions between model updates within the region of interest and the inhomogeneities in the background model outside. Because no approximations are made in the calculation of the forward and adjoint wavefields, the local solver can compute the identical gradient in the region of interest as would be computed by the more expensive full-domain solver. In this paper, the local solver is used to efficiently generate the FWI gradient at the boundary of a salt body. This gradient is then used in a level set method to automatically update the salt boundary

Toward target-oriented FWI: An exact local wave solver applied to salt boundary inversion

Seismic full waveform inversion (FWI) uses the gradient of the objective function for computing model updates. This requires computation of the forward and adjoint wavefields on the current model estimate. Calculating the gradient on the full computational domain is wasteful when it is only required in a limited region of interest, as is the case in 4D seismic and salt boundary estimation, for example. In this paper, a local solver is introduced that accurately computes, up to machine precision, all the wavefield interactions between model updates restricted to a region of interest and inhomogeneities in the background model outside. The local solver therefore generates exactly the same forward and adjoint wavefields in the region of interest that a full domain solver would have generated. In this paper, the exact local gradient at the boundary of a salt body is computed from these exact local wavefields. A level set method uses this gradient to automatically update the local salt boundary estimate

Professional Values and Practice

The professional code of the General Teaching Council lists eight new standards, each of them analysed here in detail using questions and activities to describe what trainee teachers need to know, understand and demonstrate as they work towards Qualified Teacher Status. Each of the eight standards cover the following issues: expectations, diversity and achievement personal and professional values values in the classroom values, rights and responsibilities in the wider community the community of the school professional relationships personal and professional development professional responsibility. This practical and jargon-free guide features an extensive range of examples and suggestions for further reading, designed to help those in their early professional development

Profitability and risk evaluation of novel perennial pasture systems for livestock producers in the high rainfall zone: Context, Approach and Preliminary Results

The decision to invest in pasture improvement raises various questions for the livestock grazier, with the most pertinent being about the potential returns and risks. In the high rainfall zone of south-west Victoria, researchers have trialled novel perennial pasture systems with the aim of substantially increasing on-farm profits whilst simultaneously improving environmental outcomes. Results from the Hamilton EverGraze® proof site have shown potential to greatly improve livestock production. Promotion of the pasture technology is the next step. Key to this process is developing information about profitability and risk regarding the decision to invest in the new pasture. To help meet this need a model of a representative mixed livestock farm system for the region has been developed to generate information about profit, cash wealth and risk to aid extension and help inform decisions. The farm is comprised of a wool and meat producing sheep system and a beef enterprise. Using the model, the performance of two of the novel pasture systems can be evaluated against current practice, and compared to determine which of the two is the most beneficial EverGraze® option for the future. The risk associated with the pasture decision is assessed by considering different price structures and seasonal outcomes, and evaluating these effects on net benefits. Discounted cash flows, net present values and internal rates of return are estimated for the alternative systems, which include the effects of this price and seasonal variability. Preliminary results have been calculated, however further work is needed to confirm these. The method and results of the analysis provide information that is valuable for farm decisions about investing in a new pasture system and provide a basis for future economic analyses at the case study site and elsewhere.Farm Management,

Mass spectrometry imaging of 3D tissue models

A 3D cell culture is an artificially created environment in which cells are permitted to grow/interact with their surroundings in all three dimensions. Derived from 3D cell culture, organoids are generally small‐scale constructs of cells that are fabricated in the laboratory to serve as 3D representations of in vivo tissues and organs. Due to regulatory, economic and societal issues concerning the use of animals in scientific research it seems clear that the use of 3D cell culture and organoids in for example early stage studies of drug efficacy and toxicity will increase. The combination of such 3D tissue models with mass spectrometry imaging provides a label free methodology for the study of drug absorption/penetration, drug efficacy/toxicity and drug biotransformation. In this article, some of the successes achieved to date and challenges to be overcome before this methodology is more widely adopted are discussed

Professional Values and Practice

The professional code of the General Teaching Council lists eight new standards, each of them analysed here in detail using questions and activities to describe what trainee teachers need to know, understand and demonstrate as they work towards Qualified Teacher Status. Each of the eight standards cover the following issues: expectations, diversity and achievement personal and professional values values in the classroom values, rights and responsibilities in the wider community the community of the school professional relationships personal and professional development professional responsibility. This practical and jargon-free guide features an extensive range of examples and suggestions for further reading, designed to help those in their early professional development