26 research outputs found
THE INTERACTION OF ECONOMIC AGENTS IN THE PROCESS OF INFRASTRUCTURE FORMATION: INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT
The purpose: to reveal the mechanism of participation of economic agents in the formation and maintaining of infrastructure. Hypothesis: the government involves households and enterprises directly and indirectly in the process of infrastructure formation, while each type of infrastructure facilities has its own channel of involvement of economic agent β an institution (or their group). The result: a theoretical schema of interaction of economic agents in the infrastructure market and the classification of this interaction by types of infrastructure and institutions involved in their formation.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π°: Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π» Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ: ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ
The concept of infrastructure in economic studies
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ: ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ Β«ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Β» ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ: Π°) Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ; Π±) ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ; Π²) ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π°: ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π° β Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ: Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.The purpose of this paper is to clarify the concept of infrastructure using: a. the analysis of its historical development; b. the determination of the criteria underlying its existing definitions and classifications; c. the review of methods to assess the infrastructure's contribution to economic development. The hypothesis: the lack of common methodological foundations in infrastructure research reduces the practical significance of the studies for the government, which is the key investor in infrastructure. The result is the algorithm, which shows a way to standardize definitions, classifications and methods for infrastructure research. This paper represents a framework for a larger study, but also may be useful for a wide range of researchers of issue
Empirical evaluation of the contribution of infrastructure capital to the development of the region (Based on the Data of Ural Economic Region)
The article considers the infrastructure capital relating to the regional economy as a tool for economic development and proposes the authors' approach to its definition and classification. The indicators of the subjects of the Ural economic region in the period from 2005 to 2015, collected by Federal State Statistics Service of Russian Federation, serve as the initial data. The purposes of the study are to compare the calculated (the optimal in a model) and actual values of infrastructure capital in the structure of the region's economy, which the authors divide into manufacturing and infrastructure sectors; and to assess its impact on the gross output of the manufacturing industries. The authors put forward the following hypothesis: The infrastructure input as a factor of production function has a positive and significant impact on the value of the gross output of the sector. The methodology of the study is represented by the econometric assessment of the elasticities of the outputs of sectors of the economy, described by Cobb-Douglas production functions, as well as by the theoretical calculation of the capital's ratios in the region's economy. The results confirm the importance of infrastructure input in the formation of the gross output of the Ural economic region. The comparison of the calculated and actual capital allocation ratios along with other indicators suggests the scarcity of capital in both sectors of the regional economy. This fact can be a signal to the regional authorities for rethinking the infrastructure development programs. The authors consider the case of the closed economy, therefore, further research should be concentrated on the open economy with a larger number of regions and other econometric tools
Stoffaustausch wΓ€hrend der Filmabsorption : Absorption von Ammoniak durch Wasser und SalzsΓ€ure
Untersucht wurde die Absorption von Ammoniak aus der Luft durch Wasser und SΓ€ure in einem einzelnen Kanal (Rohr mit berieselbaren WΓ€nden) und in einem Turm mit Blechpaketeinsatz. In der Untersuchung wurde der EinfluΓ der StrΓΆmungsgeschwindigkeit, der Gasgeschwindigkeit und der Kanalabmessungen auf den allgemeinen und partiellen Absorptionskoeffizienten bestimmt
Treatment of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome with ST Segment Elevation in Clinical Practice of the Republic of Karelia: the Results of 10-year Register
Aim. To study the clinical course, treatment, and outcomes in the patients with ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (STeACS) in real clinical practiceMaterial and methods. Our study is based on data of 5694 patients who were sequentially hospitalized in the Regional Vascular Center from 01.01.2009 to 01.01.2019 due to STeACS and included in the Federal Hospital Register. Men prevailed (65.8%); the average age was 68 years old. 14.1% of the patients had the history of myocardial infarction (MI) before this hospitalization. The reperfusion strategy, drug therapy, as well as the risks of complications and outcomes in real clinical practice of the Republic of Karelia were analyzed. Descriptive statistics methods were used to evaluate the results.Results. In the study group a high frequency of reperfusion interventions (83.5%) with a predominance of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; 76.2%) was revealed, as well as optimal drug therapy in most patients. Thus, 99.4% of patients took aspirin, 82.8% β clopidogrel, 91.1% β anticoagulants, 91.6% β beta-blockers, 95.6% β statins, 94.2% β angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptors blockers. A risk assessment of hospital and 6-month mortality was performed using GRACE score. The distribution of the hospital risk mortality were the following: 25.7% of patients had a low (49-125 points), 33.7% an average (126-154 points), and 40.6% of patients had a high risk (more than 154 points). At the same time, the risk of 6-month mortality in a half of the patients (51.6%) was low (27-99 points), the average risk (100-127 points) was determined in 23.0% of patients and the high risk (more than 127 points) β in 25.5% of patients. Life threatening complications developed in 38.1% of patients and the most frequent ones were arrhythmias (31.5%). The outcomes at the discharge from the hospital were as follows: 1432 patients (63.5%) had Q MI, 390 (17.3%) β non Q MI, 76 (3.4%) β unstable angina, 21 (0.9%) β MI of unspecified localization and 317 patients (14.1%) β repeated myocardial infarction.Conclusion. According to the results of a 10-year hospital registry of patients with STeACS, a high frequency of reperfusion interventions and an optimal drug therapy in most patients was revealed. However, to increase the effectiveness of treatment, it is necessary to minimize temporary losses both at the prehospital treatment and during reperfusion
Empirical evaluation of the contribution of infrastructure capital to the development of the region (Based on the Data of Ural Economic Region)
The article considers the infrastructure capital relating to the regional economy as a tool for economic development and proposes the authors' approach to its definition and classification. The indicators of the subjects of the Ural economic region in the period from 2005 to 2015, collected by Federal State Statistics Service of Russian Federation, serve as the initial data. The purposes of the study are to compare the calculated (the optimal in a model) and actual values of infrastructure capital in the structure of the region's economy, which the authors divide into manufacturing and infrastructure sectors; and to assess its impact on the gross output of the manufacturing industries. The authors put forward the following hypothesis: The infrastructure input as a factor of production function has a positive and significant impact on the value of the gross output of the sector. The methodology of the study is represented by the econometric assessment of the elasticities of the outputs of sectors of the economy, described by Cobb-Douglas production functions, as well as by the theoretical calculation of the capital's ratios in the region's economy. The results confirm the importance of infrastructure input in the formation of the gross output of the Ural economic region. The comparison of the calculated and actual capital allocation ratios along with other indicators suggests the scarcity of capital in both sectors of the regional economy. This fact can be a signal to the regional authorities for rethinking the infrastructure development programs. The authors consider the case of the closed economy, therefore, further research should be concentrated on the open economy with a larger number of regions and other econometric tools.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π£ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°. Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±Π»Π°Π³ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π£ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°
CORRELATION OF INFLAMMATION BIOMARKERS WITH THE TRADITIONAL RISK FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Actuality of cardiovascular diseases today determines the high interest to study pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and to searching new risk factors which could help to optimize primary and secondary prevention. Study the correlation between biomarkers of inflammation and traditional risk factors (TRF) in patients with different forms of ischemic heart disease is really important today.Aim. To determine the correlation between TRF and the level of biomarkers of the inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Material and methods. Patients (n=62) aged from 24 to 50 years (mean age 43.98Β±4.73), who were admitted to the hospital due to ACS, were included into the study. Correlations between TRF and the levels of biomarkers of the inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were assessed. The following biomarkers levels were determined: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), homocysteine, soluble vascular cell (sVCAM-1) and intracellular (sICAM-1) adhesion molecule type 1, soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), nitrate, neopterin, matrix metalloproteinase type 3 (MMP-3).Results. TRF, including modifiable ones, were often revealed in patients of the studied group. Some correlations between TRF and high concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers were determined. Patients with the family history of early cardiovascular diseases had higher concentration of sVCAM-1 (1047.78Β±516.98 ng/ml) in comparison with the patients without this TRF (705.57Β±239.28 ng/ml), p=0.017. Patients with arterial hypertension had higher level of MMP-3 (9.31Β±3.63 ng/ml) versus patients without hypertension (5.02Β±3.66 ng/ml), Ρ=0.011). Patients with abdominal obesity compared with patients without this TRF demonstrated higher concentration of nitrate in acute (208.45Β±91.85 ng/ml vs 154.53 ng/ml, Ρ=0.028) and long-term (193.53Β±40.02 ng/ml vs 173.48 ng/ml, Ρ=0.028) periods of ASC.Conclusion. The study showed the significant correlation between Π’RF and high levels of some biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunctions in patients with ACS. So it is probably associated with more rapid progression of the atherosclerosis, higher risk of atherothrombotic events, complicated course of ischemic heart disease and unfavorable outcomes
Le Petit Troyen : journal dΓ©mocratique rΓ©gional ["puis" journal quotidien de la dΓ©mocratie de l'Est "puis" grand quotidien de la Champagne]
11 dΓ©cembre 19091909/12/11 (A29,N10712).Appartient Γ lβensemble documentaire : ChArdenn
Microeconomic Analysis of Differences in Consumer Behavior of Households in Russia and Latvia in Modern Realities
Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ·ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ Π±Π»Π°Π³, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
. ΠΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ².This article analyzes the consumer basket of Russia and Latvia on the example of pairs of goods, as well as a comparison of the analyzed data. This direction is also supplemented by highlighting differences in income distribution, analysis of minimum and average wages, as well as graphs of changes in the welfare of citizens under the influence of political and economic factors