THE INTERACTION OF ECONOMIC AGENTS IN THE PROCESS OF INFRASTRUCTURE FORMATION: INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT

The purpose: to reveal the mechanism of participation of economic agents in the formation and maintaining of infrastructure. Hypothesis: the government involves households and enterprises directly and indirectly in the process of infrastructure formation, while each type of infrastructure facilities has its own channel of involvement of economic agent – an institution (or their group). The result: a theoretical schema of interaction of economic agents in the infrastructure market and the classification of this interaction by types of infrastructure and institutions involved in their formation.Цель: раскрыть механизм участия экономических агентов в создании инфраструктуры. Гипотеза: государство напрямую и опосредованно вовлекает домохозяйства и фирмы в процесс формирования инфраструктуры, на каждый тип которой приходится свой канал вовлечения – институт. Результат: теоретическая схема взаимодействия экономических агентов на рынке инфраструктуры, классификация взаимодействия по типам инфраструктуры и формирующим их институтам

The concept of infrastructure in economic studies

Цель статьи: уточнении понятия «инфраструктура» путем: а) анализа его исторического развития; б) определения критериев, которые лежат в основе его существующих определений и классификаций; в) систематизации методов оценки вклада инфраструктуры в экономическое развитие. Гипотеза: отсутствие единого методологического фундамента подрывает практическую значимость исследований инфраструктуры для государства – главного инвестора в инфраструктуру. Результат: алгоритм методологии исследования, показывающий путь к стандартизации определения, классификации и методов исследования инфраструктуры. Данная работа лишь обозначает границы большего исследования, но может быть также полезна и широкому кругу исследователей.The purpose of this paper is to clarify the concept of infrastructure using: a. the analysis of its historical development; b. the determination of the criteria underlying its existing definitions and classifications; c. the review of methods to assess the infrastructure's contribution to economic development. The hypothesis: the lack of common methodological foundations in infrastructure research reduces the practical significance of the studies for the government, which is the key investor in infrastructure. The result is the algorithm, which shows a way to standardize definitions, classifications and methods for infrastructure research. This paper represents a framework for a larger study, but also may be useful for a wide range of researchers of issue

Empirical evaluation of the contribution of infrastructure capital to the development of the region (Based on the Data of Ural Economic Region)

The article considers the infrastructure capital relating to the regional economy as a tool for economic development and proposes the authors' approach to its definition and classification. The indicators of the subjects of the Ural economic region in the period from 2005 to 2015, collected by Federal State Statistics Service of Russian Federation, serve as the initial data. The purposes of the study are to compare the calculated (the optimal in a model) and actual values of infrastructure capital in the structure of the region's economy, which the authors divide into manufacturing and infrastructure sectors; and to assess its impact on the gross output of the manufacturing industries. The authors put forward the following hypothesis: The infrastructure input as a factor of production function has a positive and significant impact on the value of the gross output of the sector. The methodology of the study is represented by the econometric assessment of the elasticities of the outputs of sectors of the economy, described by Cobb-Douglas production functions, as well as by the theoretical calculation of the capital's ratios in the region's economy. The results confirm the importance of infrastructure input in the formation of the gross output of the Ural economic region. The comparison of the calculated and actual capital allocation ratios along with other indicators suggests the scarcity of capital in both sectors of the regional economy. This fact can be a signal to the regional authorities for rethinking the infrastructure development programs. The authors consider the case of the closed economy, therefore, further research should be concentrated on the open economy with a larger number of regions and other econometric tools

Stoffaustausch während der Filmabsorption : Absorption von Ammoniak durch Wasser und Salzsäure

Untersucht wurde die Absorption von Ammoniak aus der Luft durch Wasser und Säure in einem einzelnen Kanal (Rohr mit berieselbaren Wänden) und in einem Turm mit Blechpaketeinsatz. In der Untersuchung wurde der Einfluß der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, der Gasgeschwindigkeit und der Kanalabmessungen auf den allgemeinen und partiellen Absorptionskoeffizienten bestimmt

Treatment of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome with ST Segment Elevation in Clinical Practice of the Republic of Karelia: the Results of 10-year Register

Aim. To study the clinical course, treatment, and outcomes in the patients with ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (STeACS) in real clinical practiceMaterial and methods. Our study is based on data of 5694 patients who were sequentially hospitalized in the Regional Vascular Center from 01.01.2009 to 01.01.2019 due to STeACS and included in the Federal Hospital Register. Men prevailed (65.8%); the average age was 68 years old. 14.1% of the patients had the history of myocardial infarction (MI) before this hospitalization. The reperfusion strategy, drug therapy, as well as the risks of complications and outcomes in real clinical practice of the Republic of Karelia were analyzed. Descriptive statistics methods were used to evaluate the results.Results. In the study group a high frequency of reperfusion interventions (83.5%) with a predominance of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; 76.2%) was revealed, as well as optimal drug therapy in most patients. Thus, 99.4% of patients took aspirin, 82.8% – clopidogrel, 91.1% – anticoagulants, 91.6% – beta-blockers, 95.6% – statins, 94.2% – angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptors blockers. A risk assessment of hospital and 6-month mortality was performed using GRACE score. The distribution of the hospital risk mortality were the following: 25.7% of patients had a low (49-125 points), 33.7% an average (126-154 points), and 40.6% of patients had a high risk (more than 154 points). At the same time, the risk of 6-month mortality in a half of the patients (51.6%) was low (27-99 points), the average risk (100-127 points) was determined in 23.0% of patients and the high risk (more than 127 points) – in 25.5% of patients. Life threatening complications developed in 38.1% of patients and the most frequent ones were arrhythmias (31.5%). The outcomes at the discharge from the hospital were as follows: 1432 patients (63.5%) had Q MI, 390 (17.3%) – non Q MI, 76 (3.4%) – unstable angina, 21 (0.9%) – MI of unspecified localization and 317 patients (14.1%) – repeated myocardial infarction.Conclusion. According to the results of a 10-year hospital registry of patients with STeACS, a high frequency of reperfusion interventions and an optimal drug therapy in most patients was revealed. However, to increase the effectiveness of treatment, it is necessary to minimize temporary losses both at the prehospital treatment and during reperfusion

Empirical evaluation of the contribution of infrastructure capital to the development of the region (Based on the Data of Ural Economic Region)

The article considers the infrastructure capital relating to the regional economy as a tool for economic development and proposes the authors' approach to its definition and classification. The indicators of the subjects of the Ural economic region in the period from 2005 to 2015, collected by Federal State Statistics Service of Russian Federation, serve as the initial data. The purposes of the study are to compare the calculated (the optimal in a model) and actual values of infrastructure capital in the structure of the region's economy, which the authors divide into manufacturing and infrastructure sectors; and to assess its impact on the gross output of the manufacturing industries. The authors put forward the following hypothesis: The infrastructure input as a factor of production function has a positive and significant impact on the value of the gross output of the sector. The methodology of the study is represented by the econometric assessment of the elasticities of the outputs of sectors of the economy, described by Cobb-Douglas production functions, as well as by the theoretical calculation of the capital's ratios in the region's economy. The results confirm the importance of infrastructure input in the formation of the gross output of the Ural economic region. The comparison of the calculated and actual capital allocation ratios along with other indicators suggests the scarcity of capital in both sectors of the regional economy. This fact can be a signal to the regional authorities for rethinking the infrastructure development programs. The authors consider the case of the closed economy, therefore, further research should be concentrated on the open economy with a larger number of regions and other econometric tools.Рассмотрена инфраструктура как один из важных элементов экономической системы. Проанализированы подходы к концепции инфраструктурного капитала. Представлена оценка параметров производственных функций экономики Уральского экономического района. Систематизированы методы оценки вклада инфраструктуры в экономическое развитие региона. Показана значимость инфраструктурных благ в процессе формирования валового выпуска сектора материального производства Уральского экономического района

CORRELATION OF INFLAMMATION BIOMARKERS WITH THE TRADITIONAL RISK FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Actuality of cardiovascular diseases today determines the high interest to study pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and to searching new risk factors which could help to optimize primary and secondary prevention. Study the correlation between biomarkers of inflammation and traditional risk factors (TRF) in patients with different forms of ischemic heart disease is really important today.Aim. To determine the correlation between TRF and the level of biomarkers of the inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Material and methods. Patients (n=62) aged from 24 to 50 years (mean age 43.98±4.73), who were admitted to the hospital due to ACS, were included into the study. Correlations between TRF and the levels of biomarkers of the inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were assessed. The following biomarkers levels were determined: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), homocysteine, soluble vascular cell (sVCAM-1) and intracellular (sICAM-1) adhesion molecule type 1, soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), nitrate, neopterin, matrix metalloproteinase type 3 (MMP-3).Results. TRF, including modifiable ones, were often revealed in patients of the studied group. Some correlations between TRF and high concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers were determined. Patients with the family history of early cardiovascular diseases had higher concentration of sVCAM-1 (1047.78±516.98 ng/ml) in comparison with the patients without this TRF (705.57±239.28 ng/ml), p=0.017. Patients with arterial hypertension had higher level of MMP-3 (9.31±3.63 ng/ml) versus patients without hypertension (5.02±3.66 ng/ml), р=0.011). Patients with abdominal obesity compared with patients without this TRF demonstrated higher concentration of nitrate in acute (208.45±91.85 ng/ml vs 154.53 ng/ml, р=0.028) and long-term (193.53±40.02 ng/ml vs 173.48 ng/ml, р=0.028) periods of ASC.Conclusion. The study showed the significant correlation between ТRF and high levels of some biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunctions in patients with ACS. So it is probably associated with more rapid progression of the atherosclerosis, higher risk of atherothrombotic events, complicated course of ischemic heart disease and unfavorable outcomes

Le Petit Troyen : journal démocratique régional ["puis" journal quotidien de la démocratie de l'Est "puis" grand quotidien de la Champagne]

11 décembre 19091909/12/11 (A29,N10712).Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : ChArdenn

Microeconomic Analysis of Differences in Consumer Behavior of Households in Russia and Latvia in Modern Realities

В данной статье проводится анализ потребительской корзины России и Латвии на примере пар благ, а также сравнение проанализированных данных. Это направление также дополняется выделением отличий в распределении доходов, анализом минимального и среднего размеров оплаты труда, а также графиками изменения благосостояния граждан под влиянием политико-экономических факторов.This article analyzes the consumer basket of Russia and Latvia on the example of pairs of goods, as well as a comparison of the analyzed data. This direction is also supplemented by highlighting differences in income distribution, analysis of minimum and average wages, as well as graphs of changes in the welfare of citizens under the influence of political and economic factors