МІЖНАРОДНА ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНА ПОЗИЦІЯ УКРАЇНИ: МОЖЛИВОСТІ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ У КОНТЕКСТІ ЗМІН ПОДАТКОВОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ

This article is devoted to the analysis of Ukraine’s International Investment Position (IIP) for the purpose of identifying ways to improve it. The authors investigated the IIP of the main countries of the world. They identified the countries of the European Union with the highest net IIP deficit relative to GDP.  This article analyzes the dynamics and structure of Ukraine’s assets and liabilities to determine how they came to be.  This article also identifies the main risks, advantages, and disadvantages of foreign direct investment flows in Ukraine. The article will suggest that improved fiscal policy, including tax legislation, will enhance Ukraine’s IIP.  A sound tax policy promotes foreign investments into the country’s economy, can structurally improve the investment position, and prevents uncontrolled capital outflow.  It is necessary to adopt a package of anti-Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) laws against tax evasion and against disclosure of other property information to implement the capital transfer tax.  The article identifies the main advantages of this model of taxation.Стаття присвячена аналізу міжнародної інвестиційної позиції України (МІП) з метою визначення шляхів її покращення. Авторами досліджено МІП основних країн світу та визначено країни Європейського Союзу з найвищим дефіцитом МІП у порівнянні з ВВП. У статті проаналізовано динаміку та структуру активів та зобов'язань України, а також визначені основні ризики, переваги та недоліки потоків прямих іноземних інвестицій в Україні. У статті висловлено припущення, що поліпшення фіскальної політики, включаючи податкове законодавство, сприятиме покращенню МІП в Україні. Надійна податкова політика сприяє залученню іноземних інвестицій в економіку країни та може структурно поліпшити інвестиційну позицію та запобігти неконтрольованому відтоку капіталу. Необхідно прийняти пакет законів анти-BEPS для боротьби з ухиленням від оподаткування і розкриття інформації про власність та ввести податок на виведений капітал.  У статті визначені основні переваги цієї моделі оподаткування

“Green” bonds as a perspective instrument of attracting investments in ecological projects in Ukraine

Relevance of research topic. The global economic trend is characterized by the “greening” of investment processes in order to ensure sustainable development. One of the instruments of attracting green investments in the economy is green bonds. In this regard, there is a need to create and operate a green bond market in Ukraine. Formulation of the problem. Ukraine has joined the global institutions promoting sustainable development and has declared the transition to a “green” economy, so analysis of foreign experience is needed to develop recommendations to a regulatory framework that will help solve the problem of attracting “green” investments in the Ukrainian economy. Analysis of recent research and publications. Among scientists and practitioners dealing with the problems of green investments, we should mention O. Veklic, Y. Podvisotsky, K. Markevich, M. Grityshina, A. Frolov. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The issue of using green bonds to finance environmental projects in Ukraine remains poorly understood. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to analyze the global trends in the green bond market and to develop recommendations for using this type of bond to finance environmental projects in Ukraine. Method or methodology for conducting research.  The theoretical basis of the study is the dialectical method of cognition and a comprehensive approach to the study of economic processes in the financial sphere. The following special methods of research were used: historical and economic analysis; statistical and economic analysis; abstract-logical analysis; graphic methods. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The article reveals the positive dynamics of the global green bond market development, and determines that this type of investment is an important segment for Ukraine, which is a member of the world institutions for sustainable development. The state of the regulatory framework in Ukraine, which regulates the circulation of green bonds, is considered. The concept of introduction and development of the green bond market in Ukraine is recommended. The field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in the national financial system. Conclusions according to the article. Analysis of the global market for green bonds has led to the conclusion that this financial segment is characterized by a progressive and positive development. Green bonds have created a new way of attracting investors to green assets, the advantage of which is that investors are involved in the issue of these financial instruments, which put environmental responsibility first. Creating a market for green bonds in Ukraine will allow us to accumulate and direct financial flows for the development and financing of domestic green projects

HPLC-DAD assay of flavonoids and evaluation of antioxidant activity of some herbal mixtures

Medicinal plants and their combinations can influence various links of the pathogenetic mechanism of diabetes mellitus type 2 and its complications, due to the wide range of biologically active substance that they accumulate. Flavonoids deserve particular attention through their antioxidant properties. Three samples of herbal mixtures (sample 1 – Inula helenium rhizome with roots, Helichrysum arenarium flowers, Zea mays columns with stigmas, Origanum vulgare herb, Rosa majalis fruits, Taraxacum officinale roots; sample 2 – Cichorium intybus roots, Elymus repens rhizome, Helichrysum arenarium flowers, Rosa smajalis fruits, Zea mays columns with stigmas; sample 3 – Urtica dioica leaf, Taraxacum officinale roots, Vaccinium myrtillus leaf, Rosa majalis fruits, Mentha x Menthapiperita herb) were tested for flavonoid content and antioxidant properties. Using HPLC-DAD analysis the content of flavonoids was evaluated and an antioxidant activity by DPPH-radicals scavenging, ferrous ion chelating capacity and ferric reducing power were established for the herbal mixtures. Rutin prevails in sample 3, its content was 2745.66±0.21 μg/g; luteolin – in samples 1 and 2, its content was 371.31±0.07 μg/g and 313.48±0.13 μg/g, respectively. Flavonoids attribute to the antioxidant activity of the herbal mixtures, which was confirmed by DPPH radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing power assay and ferrous ion chelating assay. The highest antioxidant capacity was found for sample 3 – IC50 of inhibition of DPPH radicals was 301.65±2.67 µg/mL compared to control – ascorbic acid (119.24±2.35 µg/mL), the ferric reducing power was 0.382 at 100 µg/mL compared to ascorbic acid (0.412 at 100 µg/mL) and IC50 of chelating capacity was 206.59±2.48 µg/mL compared to EDTA-Na2 (110.55±1.93 µg/mL)