Нутритивне и биоактивне компоненте у плодовима једнородних и сталнорађајућих сорти јагодe

Поред шећера и витамина, плод јагоде (Fragaria×ananassa Duch) је важан извор и биоактивних једињења, као што су укупни феноли и антоцијани. Ова једињења истовремено дефинишу нутритивни и сензорички квалитет плода. У овим истраживањима испитиване су новије сорте јагоде , које су још увек у фази тестирања, и то три једнородне сорте ('Aprika', 'Sibilla', 'Vivaldi') и три сталнорађајуће сорте ('Albion', 'Capri', 'Irma') у којима су одређене концентрације индивидуалних шећера, органских киселина, витамина Ц, укупних фенола (TPC) и укупних антоцијана (TACY). Од једнородних сорти 'Vivaldi' се издвојила по садржају TACY (24.92 mg Pg-3-g eq/100 g свеже масе (FW)) и витамина Ц (46.7 mg/100 g FW), док је 'Sibilla' била доминантна у садржају глукозе и фруктозе (2.58 и 2.91 g/100 g FW, по редоследу), као и свих органских киселина детектованих помоћу HPLC. Од свих испитиваних параметара, једино је садржај TPC (1.41 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/FW) био повећан код сорте 'Aprika' у односу на друге сорте. Од сталнорађајућих сорти 'Albion' се значајно издваја по високом садржају TACY (12.37 mg Pg-3-g eq/100 g FW) и витамина Ц (48.1 mg/100 g FW), док је 'Capri' била доминантнија у садржају фруктозе и глукозе (5.60 и 6.18 g/100 g FW, по редоследу), већине органских киселина, као и у садржају TPC (0.74 mg GAE/FW). Са аспекта здравствене корисности плода, као перспективне сорте могу се препоручити 'Aprika' од једнородних и 'Capri' од сталнорађајућих сорти

THE LATER, THE BETTER? DIFFERENCES IN FIELD PERFORMANCE AND FRUIT QUALITY TRAITS IN NEWLY INTRODUCED ITALIAN SHORT-DAY STRAWBERRY CULTIVARS

The aim of this study was to compare newly introduced mid- and late-ripening strawberry cultivars ('Arianna', 'Tea' and 'Federica') with the commercially important cultivar 'Joly' to identify the best-performing ones for extended market supply. A field study was carried out in a strawberry plantation situated in the municipality of Šid (Serbia), in the period of 2021–2022. The orchard was planted in July 2020 in double rows on beds covered with black polyethylene foil. Cultivars were evaluated for their flowering and ripening time, yield components, and plant growth, as well as for biometrical fruit traits (fruit weight, index of fruit shape) and nutritional value (the content of soluble solids - SSC, total acids - TA, vitamin C, total anthocyanins –TACY, total phenolics - TPC and total antioxidant capacity - TAC). This research revealed that the earliest average beginning of ripeness was recorded in cultivar 'Arianna' (May 19), while the latest was in cultivar 'Federica' (May 29). The number of branch crowns and leaves per plant was significantly lower in cultivars 'Tea' and 'Federica' compared to the cultivar 'Joly', whereas no significant differences in plant height were observed among the tested cultivars. 'Tea' was superior in terms of highest productivity (947 g/plant and 4.17 kg/m2 ), followed by the cultivar ‘Joly’ (865 g/plant and 3.81 kg/m2). Contrary to this, the lower yield was found in the two other tested cultivars 'Federica' (698 g/plant and 3.07 kg/m2) and 'Arianna' (773 g/plant and 3.40 kg/m2). The most productive cultivar 'Tea' had the largest fruit weight (29.7 g) and it was also characterized by the lowest content of TA, TACY, and TPC (0.56%, 18.5 mg PG-3-G eq 100 g-1 FW and 0.72 mg GA eq/g FW, respectively). Significantly higher amounts of soluble solids were found in all newly introduced cultivars in comparison to the standard cultivar 'Joly' (9.15%). The differences in TAC levels between 2021 and 2022 were significant showing higher values in the second year of trial with the dominance of cultivar 'Arianna' (1.24 mg AsA eq g-1 FW)

Rich in Phenolics—Strong Antioxidant Fruit? Comparative Study of 25 Strawberry Cultivars

Phenolic compounds of 25 newly introduced strawberry cultivars were profiled using spectrophotometry, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Total phenolic and anthocyanin content (TPC and TACY, respectively), as well as vitamin C, and concentrations of individual phenolic compounds in fruits were evaluated to identify the most promising cultivars according to their phenolic profile. The highest values of TPC, TACY, and vitamin C were recorded in ´Premy´ (1.53 mg eq GA g-1 FW), ´Sandra´ (30.60 mg eq Pg-3-g 100 g-1 FW) and ´Laetitia´ (56.32 mg 100 g-1 FW), respectively. The DPPH and •OH radicals scavenging activity of fruit methanolic extracts was estimated using EPR spectroscopy. All cultivars are almost uniformly effective in the scavenging of •OH radical, while ´Tea´, ´Premy´, and ´Joly´ were marked as highly potent cultivars (over 70%) in terms of DPPH-antiradical activity. Specific peroxidase activities were the highest in ´Garda´, ´Federica´, and ´Rumba´ (0.11, 0.08, and 0.06 U mg-1 prot, respectively). ´Laetitia´, ´Joly´, ´Arianna´, ´Tea´, and ´Mila´ cultivars were distinguished from others as the richest concerning almost all flavonoids and phenolic acids, including some other parameters of bioactivity. These cultivars could be recommended to consumers in terms of fruit as a functional food

COMPARISON OF FIELD PERFORMANCE AND FRUIT QUALITY AMONG NEWLY RELEASED ITALIAN JUNE-BEARING STRAWBERRY CULTIVARS

This study illustrates the differences in phenology, vegetative growth, productivity and fruit quality of newly released June-bearing strawberry cultivars (‘Quicky’, ‘Sandra’, ‘Lofty’, ‘Mila’ and ‘Aprica’) aiming to recognize their potential for wider cultivation. A field study was carried out in a strawberry plantation situated in municipality of Šid (Serbia), during the period of 2021 to 2022. The orchard was planted in July 2020 in double rows on beds covered with black polyethylene foil. Cultivars were evaluated for their flowering and ripening time, yield components, plant growth, as well as for biometrical fruit traits (fruit weight, index of fruit shape) and nutritional value (content of soluble solids - SS, total acids - TA, vitamin C, total anthocyanins –TACY, total phenolics - TPC and total antioxidant capacity - TAC). The results showed that cv. ‘Quicky’ started to ripen earliest, while cv. ‘Aprica’ was the latest in both experimental years. The number of branch crowns per plant was significantly higher in cvs. ‘Sandra’ and ‘Lofty’, whereby cv. ‘Sandra’ had also the highest number of leaves per rosette (41.5) in comparison with the other tested cultivars. Cv. ‘Aprica’ was superior in terms of productivity (1061 g/plant and 4.67 kg/m2) accompanied by the largest fruit weight (29.9 g) and index of fruit shape (1.15). Contrary to this, the lowest yield potential was found in cv. ‘Mila’ (608 g/plant and 2.68 kg/m2). Cvs. ‘Lofty’ and ‘Sandra’ ranked the highest in terms of SSC and they are also characterized by a considerably high level of TPC (1.29 mg GAE eq g-1 FW) and TACY (24.4 mg pg-3-g eq100 g-1 FW ), respectively.&nbsp

Karakterizacija i primena amiloglukozidaze imobilizovane na makroporoznom polkgma-co-egdma) u simuliranim industrijskim uslovima

The application of amyloglucosidase immobilized on the macroporous co-polymer of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate (poly (GMA-co-EGDMA)) in an enzyme reactor was shown. The higher thermostability of immobilized glucoamylases than the soluble one was demonstrated. Immobilized amyloglucosidase obtained by the periodate method shows two times higher thermo stability than the soluble form. Glucoamylases immobilized on poly (GMA-co-EGDMA) have good mechanical and chemical features in the reactor and when applied in a continuous flow reactor for 28 days no changes are observed. In this period periodate immobilized amyloglucosidase shows no decrease in activity. It showed potential for the continuous production of glucose from starch over a prolonged period of time.U okviru ovoga rada prikazani su rezultati dobijeni izučavanjem termostabilnosti dva kovalentna imobilizata amiloglukozidaze na makroporoznom poli(GMA-co-EGDMA), kao i njihova primena za hidrolizu škroba pri simuliranim industrijskim uslovima. U svim eksperimentima sa reaktorima, bilo šaržnim, bilo da se radi o reaktoru sa napakovanim slojem kao supstrat korišćen je 20 % (m/m) industrijski hidrolizat škroba. Oba imobilizata su pokazala povećanu termostabilnost u odnosu na rastvoreni enzim, ali je ona značajno veća kod imobilizata dobijenog perjodatnom metodom. Prilikom upotrebe u bač reaktoru imobilizati su deset puta brže dali krajnje DE vrednosti slične onoj koju daje rastvorni enzim. Količina i sastav šećera je po završenoj hidrolizi analiziran i HPLC-om. Određena je operativna stabilnost perjodatno imobilizovane amiloglukozidaze u reaktoru sa napakovnim slojem i pri tome je konstatovano da imobilizat ne gubi aktivnost u trajanju od 28 dana

Supplementary data for the article: Milenković, I.; Mitrović, A.; Algarra, M.; Lázaro-Martínez, J. M.; Rodríguez-Castellón, E.; Maksimović, V.; Spasić, S. Z.; Beškoski, V. P.; Radotić, K. Interaction of Carbohydrate Coated Cerium-Oxide Nanoparticles with Wheat and Pea: Stress Induction Potential and Effect on Development. Plants 2019, 8 (11). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110478

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110478]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3698

Dietary supplementation with liophilised strawberry improves insulin sensitivity and redox status in mouse model of diet induced obesity

Healthy dietary habits with abundant fruit consumption may reduce prevalence and positively affect development and progression of various chronic diseases including obesity and insulin-resistance related diseases. Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) represent a valuable source of vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, dietary fiber, and various bioactive polyphenolic compounds such as anthocyanins and flavonoids which are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study we evaluated the effect of newly introduced strawberry cultivar „Aprika” supplemented in the form of lyophilized powder, on obesity-related metabolic alterations in high-fat-diet fed mice. We hypothesized that chronic (8 weeks) supplementation of lyophilized strawberries in the amount comparable to two servings per day in humans, would ameliorate insulin resistance associated with obesity in C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, we hypothesized that strawberry meal consumed at 7PM i.e. before active feeding period of mice (which corresponds to early breakfast in humans) would induce more pronounced beneficial effects compared to meal consumed at 7AM i.e. at the end of the active feeding period (which corresponds to late dinner in humans). High fat diet induced hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance and obesity; and disturbed hepatic insulin signaling. Lyophilized strawberries, only when consumed before feeding period, reduced body weight gain and improved insulin sensitivity induced by high-fat diet (evidenced by lower area under the curve after an intraperitoneal GTT, reduced serum insulin levels and an insulin resistance index (IR-HOMA). Strawberry meals consumed after active feeding period had no such effect. However, strawberries, regardless of the time of consumption, restored protein level of Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) in the liver and increased hepatic antioxidant enzymes level. In conclusion, strawberries improve insulin sensitivity and raise hepatic antioxidant capacity in mouse model of diet induced obesity. Nevertheless, more beneficial effects were achieved when strawberries were consumed before active feeding period, as an early breakfas

‘Joly’ and ‘Sibilla’: Two newer strawberry cultivars with better biochemical traits compared with their common parent ‘Clery’

The most popular cultivated strawberry is the dessert strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) from which breeders have created an abundance of new improved cultivars with specific agronomic, qualitative and sensorial characteristics. In this study, two newly introduced strawberry cultivars ‘Joly’ and ‘Sibilla’ were compared with their mutual parent and commercial cultivar ‘Clery’ in terms of individual phenolics, sugars, and organic acids content. All forms of free pelargonidin were significantly higher in ‘Joly’ and ‘Sibilla’ (17.6 and 11.3 µg/g FW, respectively) compared to ‘Clery’ (3.4 µg/g FW), in which cyanidin 3-glucoside is the dominant (6.2 µg/g FW). Quercetin 3-O-glucuronide values were higher in ‘Sibilla’ and ‘Joly’ (17.4 and 11.6 µg/g FW, respectively) than in ‘Clery’ (2.6 µg/g FW). The highest values of p-coumaric acid were detected in ‘Sibilla’ (6.2 µg/g FW). Fructose content (3.1 g/100g FW) was the highest in ‘Joly’, sucrose content (0.8 g/100g FW) in ‘Sibilla’, while glucose content was similar in all three cultivars. The highest value of fumaric and citric acid (13.1 µg/g and 6.2 mg/g FW, respectively) was detected in ‘Sibilla’, while malic and shikimic acid had similar values in all three cultivars. Two newer strawberry cultivars ‘Joly’ and ‘Sibilla’ generally had higher levels of analyzed bioactive compounds compared to their common parent ‘Clery’. Given that sensorial and nutritional quality of strawberry fruit is significantly affected by the ratio of sugars and organic acids, as well as their combination with phenolic compounds, the established better fruit quality of newer cultivars indicated their significant potential for commercial cultivation

Phenolic profiles of June bearing and everbearing strawberries

The delicious fruits of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.), consumed in both fresh and pro­ cessed form, аге ап important source of health promoting compounds. Amongst them, straw ber ­ ries possess consideraЫe quantities of various phenolics. For this study, twelve strawberry cultivars, 9 June bearing ('Roxana; 'Arosa; 'Joly', 'Asia', 'АIЬа', 'Jeny', 'Laetitia; 'Garda; 'Premy'), and 3 ever-bearing types ('AIЬion','Capri' and'lrma'), were evaluated for anthocyanin, phenolic acid and ftavonoid con­ tent using HPLC-MS. Dominant anthocyanin form in all cultivars was pelargonidin-3-glucoside with the highest values detected in 'Asia' and 'Joly' cultivars (487 and 464 µg -g 1 FW, respect ively). 'Joly' also stands out for acylated pelargonidin -3- gluco side and prunin content, since the highest values of pelargonidin-3-rutinoside and ellagic acid were detected in 'Laetitia' (33 and 43 µg -g 1 FW, resp ectively). Uppermost оп the ftavonoid list was 'Asia' which was the richest in p-coumaroyl hexose and its derivate (87 and 64 µg -g 1 FW, respectively), followed by'Joly' dominating in kaempferol 3-glucuronide and kaempferol 3-coumaroyl glucuronide .The identification of phenolic com­ pounds revealed some interesting differences correlated to the culti var: June bearing cultivars 'Asia' and 'Joly' were distinguished from others as the richest in terms of identified phenolic com ­ pounds. Branding the cultivars with optimal phenolic composition empowers their consumption for human health and wellЬeing