Выращивание ремонтного молодняка кур при использовании пробиотических препаратов «Бацелл» и «Моноспорин»

Применение пробиотических препаратов с первых дней жизни цыплят позволит получить в дальнейшем здоровую птицу с высокой реализацией генетического потенциала

Assessment of epigenetic alterations in early colorectal lesions containing BRAF mutations

金沢大学医薬保健学総合研究科先進的地域医療研究講座 = Department of Advanced Research in Community MedicineTo clarify the molecular and clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal serrated lesions, we assessed the DNA methylation of cancer-associated genes in a cohort of BRAF-mutant precancerous lesions from 94 individuals. We then compared those results with the lesions’ clinicopathological features, especially colorectal subsites. The lesions included hyperplastic polyps (n = 16), traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs) (n = 15), TSAs with sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs) (n = 6), SSAs (n = 49) and SSAs with dysplasia (n = 16). The prevalence of lesions exhibiting the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) was lower in the sigmoid colon and rectum than in other bowel subsites, including the cecum, ascending, transverse and descending colon. In addition, several cancer-associated genes showed higher methylation levels within lesions in the proximal to sigmoid colon than in the sigmoid colon and rectum. These results indicate that the methylation status of lesions with BRAF mutation is strongly associated with their location, histological findings and neoplastic pathways. By contrast, no difference in aberrant DNA methylation was observed in normal-appearing background colonic mucosa along the bowel subsites, which may indicate the absence of an epigenetic field defect

Colorectal Adenocarcinoma with an Alternative Serrated Pathway

In a 64-year-old woman, we identified a flat, elevated lesion that was located at the caecum and was composed of 3 different areas (areas A, B, and C). We diagnosed it as “carcinoma with sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P)” histologically. Although area A was diagnosed as classical SSA/P, area B was regarded as a high-grade SSA/P. In contrast, area C showed a differentiated-type adenocarcinoma that invaded the submucosa. The patient had a recurrence of cancer 1.5 years after endoscopic resection. Overexpression of TP53 was detected in area C. Although BRAF mutation was detected in all areas, CpG island methylator phenotype-high cancer was found only in area C. The genomic phenotype of the cancerous tissue was classified as microsatellite stable (MLH1 gene not methylated). In the present case, we showed that a lesion with genetic alterations based on the histological sequence SSA/P → high-grade SSA/P → cancer in SSA/P and an alternative serrated pathway may exhibit aggressive behavior

Hemorrhagic Colitis Caused by Everolimus in a Patient with Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Case Report

A 60-year-old woman was diagnosed with nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm with multiple liver metastases and was administered everolimus. Due to persistent epigastric pain and diarrhea, a colonoscopy was performed on the 14th day after the start of everolimus administration, which revealed small bleeding ulcers in the ileocecal region, transverse colon, and rectum. These adverse effects were attributed to the everolimus; it was immediately discontinued, and the patient’s clinical symptoms and imaging findings improved. We concurred that the administration of calcium channel blockers resulted in the inhibition of everolimus metabolism and the disease onset. The everolimus was discontinued. There was no subsequent recurrence of hemorrhagic colitis

Clinical Differences in c-Myc Expression in Early-Stage Gastric Neoplasia: A Retrospective Study Based on the WHO Classification

c-Myc is an oncogene that is dysregulated in various cancers. Early gastric neoplasia with c-Myc expression has been reported as a more malignant lesion. This study clarifies the differences in c-Myc expression in early gastric neoplasia based on the WHO classification. Samples from 100 patients with differentiated-type early gastric neoplasia, who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection between March 2020 and January 2021, were stained for c-Myc. One hundred lesions were classified as low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, or intramucosal adenocarcinoma. The staining intensity and extent were scored. A hierarchical cluster analysis for a clinicopathological analysis among the groups, the chi-square test, Bonferroni correction, and residual analysis were performed. Subgroup one and two consisted of 39 patients; while subgroup three consisted of 22. Significant differences among various characteristics were observed between these subgroups. The frequency of low-grade dysplasia was significantly higher, while that of high-grade dysplasia was significantly lower in subgroup three. The frequency of intramucosal adenocarcinoma was significantly higher in subgroup one. The c-Myc positivity rate was significantly higher in subgroup one compared with that in subgroup three. c-Myc expression distinctly differed in early gastric neoplasia. c-Myc-negative low-grade dysplasia may be separately categorized from c-Myc-positive low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and intramucosal adenocarcinoma

Analysis of the DNA methylation level of cancer-related genes in colorectal cancer and the surrounding normal mucosa

Abstract Background Two molecular pathways promote the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). One is termed “microsatellite stable” (MSS) whereas the other is characterized by “microsatellite instability” (MSI or MIN). In addition, the CpG island methylation phenotype is known to be an important alteration as a third molecular type. Thus, DNA methylation is thought to provide potential biomarkers for assessment of cancer risk in normal mucosa. In addition, it is also known that colonic location is an important parameter in the development of CRC. Methods We examined the surrounding normal mucosa in three parts of the colon. Next, we quantified DNA methylation levels of SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP5, DKK2, DKK3, mir34b/c, RASSF1A, IGFBP7, CDKN2A, and MLH1 in isolated cancerous glands and crypts of normal colorectal mucosa adjacent to CRCs using a pyrosequencer. Results DNA methylation levels of SFRP1, SFRP2, DKK2, and mir34b/c were significantly higher in CRCs with an MSS phenotype than in those with an MSI phenotype. The average level of methylation in normal crypts did not decrease with the distance from the tumor, irrespective of microsatellite status or the tumor location. DNA methylation levels in SFRP1 and SFRP2 genes in normal crypts were significantly higher in left-side than right-side CRC with an MSS phenotype. Finally, the genes were classified into three types based on the methylation frequencies in normal crypts, including type I (SFRP1 and SFRP2I), type II (DKK2 and mir34b/c), and type III (others). Conclusions Our results showed that DNA methylation of SFRP1 and SFRP2 might be useful to predict cancer risk of surrounding normal mucosa. In addition, a field effect may be present in CRC, affecting both adjacent and non-adjacent normal mucosa