Supermassive Binaries and Extragalactic Jets

Some quasars show Doppler shifted broad emission line peaks. I give new statistics of the occurrence of these peaks and show that, while the most spectacular cases are in quasars with strong radio jets inclined to the line of sight, they are also almost as common in radio-quiet quasars. Theories of the origin of the peaks are reviewed and it is argued that the displaced peaks are most likely produced by the supermassive binary model. The separations of the peaks in the 3C 390.3-type objects are consistent with orientation-dependent "unified models" of quasar activity. If the supermassive binary model is correct, all members of "the jet set" (astrophysical objects showing jets) could be binaries.Comment: 31 pages, PostScript, missing figure is in ApJ 464, L105 (see http://www.aas.org/ApJ/v464n2/5736/5736.html

Uncovering the heterogeneity and temporal complexity of neurodegenerative diseases with Subtype and Stage Inference

The heterogeneity of neurodegenerative diseases is a key confound to disease understanding and treatment development, as study cohorts typically include multiple phenotypes on distinct disease trajectories. Here we introduce a machine-learning technique\u2014Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn)\u2014able to uncover data-driven disease phenotypes with distinct temporal progression patterns, from widely available cross-sectional patient studies. Results from imaging studies in two neurodegenerative diseases reveal subgroups and their distinct trajectories of regional neurodegeneration. In genetic frontotemporal dementia, SuStaIn identifies genotypes from imaging alone, validating its ability to identify subtypes; further the technique reveals within-genotype heterogeneity. In Alzheimer\u2019s disease, SuStaIn uncovers three subtypes, uniquely characterising their temporal complexity. SuStaIn provides fine-grained patient stratification, which substantially enhances the ability to predict conversion between diagnostic categories over standard models that ignore subtype (p = 7.18 7 10 124 ) or temporal stage (p = 3.96 7 10 125 ). SuStaIn offers new promise for enabling disease subtype discovery and precision medicine

Adubação Nitrogenada em Pastagem de Triticale mais Azevém sob Pastejo com Lotação Contínua: Recuperação de Nitrogênio e Eficiência na Produção de Forragem Nitrogen Fertilization on Triticale plus Italian Ryegrass Pasture under Continuous Stocking: Nitrogen Recovery and Forage Production Efficiency

O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar a eficiência da adubação nitrogenada na forma de uréia, em pastagem de triticale mais azevém, submetida a pastejo com lotação contínua. Foram usados quatro níveis de nitrogênio em cobertura: 0, 150, 300 e 450 kg N/ha, divididos em cinco aplicações. A massa de forragem disponível foi de 1404, 1437, 1619 e 1599 kg MS/ha, respectivamente. A produção total de forragem foi de 6039, 6914, 7877 e 7662 kg MS/ha e a produção de nitrogênio, de 191,6; 247,7; 303,2 e 307,2 kg/ha, para os níveis 0, 150, 300 e 450 kg N/ha, respectivamente. A eficiência da adubação nitrogenada foi de 5,83; 6,13; e 3,61 kg MS/kg de nitrogênio aplicado e a recuperação de nitrogênio, de 37,39; 37,21 e 25,69%, para os níveis 150, 300 e 450 kg N/ha, respectivamente. Na avaliação da concentração de nitrogênio nas camadas do perfil do solo (0-5, 5-10, 10-20 e 20-40 cm de profundidade), em duas datas (20/07 e 20/09), constatou-se aumento no teor de nitrogênio mineral, da primeira para a segunda avaliação, principalmente nas maiores profundidades e nos maiores níveis de nitrogênio, indicando que houve perdas por lixiviação, diminuindo a recuperação e eficiência no uso deste nutriente.<br>The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the nitrogen fertilization efficiency using urea, on triticale plus Italian ryegrass pasture, submitted to continuous stocking. Four nitrogen levels were used: 0, 150, 300 and 450 kg of N/ha, divided in five applications. The herbage mass was 1404, 1437, 1619 and 1599 kg of DM/ha. The total herbage production was 6039, 6914, 7877 and 7662 kg of DM/ha and the nitrogen production was 191.6, 247.7, 303.2 and 307.2 kg of N/ha for the 0, 150, 300 and 450 kg of N/ha levels, respectively. The nitrogen fertilization efficiency was 5.83, 6.13 and 3.61 kg of DM produced/kg of nitrogen applied and the nitrogen recovery was 37.39, 37.21 and 25.69% for the levels of 150, 300 and 450 kg of N/ha, respectively. The nitrogen concentration in different depth of the soil profile (0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm of depth) in two dates (07/20 and 09/20) was evaluated. An increase of the mineral nitrogen content, from the first to the second evaluation, mainly for the deepest layers and for the highest nitrogen levels was observed, indicating that lixiviation losses of nitrogen occured, reducing the nitrogen recovery and his efficienc