Histological description of the larval development of Brycon gouldingi Lima, 2004 (Teleostei, Characidae)

Piabanha, Brycon gouldingi, is an endemic species in the Tocantins-Araguaia basin. It has aroused the interest of both fish farmers, who started its creation in confinement, and riverine people who appreciate it as a food source. In order to provide information about organic systems of B. gouldingi larvae, a histological description was performed after capturing adult specimens in the Rio das Mortes (Mato Grosso, Brazil), adapted to captivity and induced to spawn at Buriti Fisheries (Nova Mutum, MT, Brazil). The collection of samples took place at pre-defined moments after hatching, and the processes relating to morphological differentiation of digestive, excretory, cardiorespiratory, nervous/sensory systems and gas bladder were characterized. At the hatching were found: undifferentiated digestive system; pronephros (primitive kidney), rudimentary heart, central nervous system characterized by primary vesicles, optic vesicle forming the optic cup and crystalline lens. In the course of ontogeny, these organic systems were developed and at the time of the total absorption of the yolk at 55 hours post-hatching were found: the digestive system consisting of the head gut, foregut, midgut and hindgut; two heart chambers and branching of gill arches; three regions of the brain (forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain), neuromasts, olfactory cavity, taste buds; eye consisting of well-defined layers; presence of gas bladder. The results of this study may be useful in providing support for the captive breeding of B. gouldingi during the larval stage

Prevalence of urinary infections in patients served by the national health system and their suscetibility to antibiotics

As infecções do trato urinário são comuns tanto nosocomial quanto na comunidade. As principaisbactérias comumente envolvidas são bastonetes Gram-negativos ou cocos Gram- positivos. Tratamentos inadequados destas infecções agravam o problema de resistência antimicrobiana. O presentetrabalho teve como objetivo determinar a frequência dos patógenos causadores de infecção urinária empacientes atendidos em postos de saúde da região de Jaboticabal, SP, no período de janeiro a abril de2009, bem como conhecer o perfil de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana das espécies bacterianas isoladas. Foram analisadas 84 uroculturas positivas nos meios CLED e MacConkey e, de acordo com ascaracterísticas morfológicas, as mesmas foram identificadas por provas bioquímicas direcionadas. Asmulheres apresentaram-se mais susceptíveis às infecções do trato urinário em 88% das amostras. AEscherichia coli foi a bactéria predominante em 62% das amostras, seguida de Enterobacter sp. (9%),Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus saprophyticus e Staphylococcus sp com 6% cada, Proteusmirabilis (5%), Streptococcus sp (2,4%), Staphylococcus aureus e Streptococcus do grupo D com 1,2%cada e Klebsiella oxytoca com 1%. A faixa etária de pacientes mais acometidos foi a de 13 a 40 anoscorrespondendo a 43% dos pacientes com infecção do trato urinário (ITU) atendidos.The urinary tract infections are common in both nosocomial and community. The main bacteria commonly involved are Gram-negative or Gram-positive cocci. Inadequate treatment of these infections exacerbates the problem of antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to determine the frequency of pathogens causing urinary tract infection in patients from clinics in Jaboticabal, SP, from January to April 2009,as well as to know the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial species isolated. Eighty four urine cultureswere analysed on MacConkey and CLED means and, according to the morphological characteristics,they were identified by biochemical directed. Women were more susceptible to urinary tract infections in88% of the samples. Escherichia coli bacteria was predominant in 62% of the samples, followed byEnterobacter sp. (9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Staphylococcus spwith 6% each, Proteus mirabilis (5%), Streptococcus sp (2.4%), Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus D at 1.2% each and Klebsiella oxytoca 1%. The age group most affected patients was 13 to 40 yearsold, accounting for 43% of patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) treated

Diferentes granulometrias de rações sobre o ganho de peso, crescimento, sobrevivência e reversão sexual para tilápias-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of three different diameters of crumble diets (0.25, 0.35 and 0.50 mm) on weight gain, growing, survival and sexual proportion to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae with 30, 60 and 90 days of age. In the first 30 days of age larvae were submitted to sex reversion with diets containing the hormone 17 α-methyltestosterone in a dosage of 60mg/kg of ration, respecting the different diameters and after this period, larvae were measured, weighed and counted for calculation of survival taxes. For the biometrical parameters as weight and total length a completely randomized design was used in subdivided installments with three treatments and three repetitions, considering installments the three diameters of diet and the sub installments, the three ages. In the end of this study, fish fed with diets of grain diameters 0.35 and 0.25 mm obtained the best results for weight gain (14.42 g and 13.36 g) and total length (83.13 mm and 82.72 mm), although these results were not statistically significant, and diets with grain diameters 0.50 and 0.35 mm resulted in 96,66 % and 93,33% of males, respectively, after histological analysis of gonads, without statistics differences between the treatments.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de três diferentes granulometrias de rações fareladas (0,25, 0,35 e 0,50 mm) sobre o ganho de peso, crescimento, sobrevivência e proporção sexual para larvas de tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) aos 30, 60 e 90 dias de idade. Nos primeiros 30 dias de vida, as larvas foram revertidas com rações contendo hormônio 17 α-metiltestosterona na dosagem de 60 mg/kg de ração, respeitando-se as diferentes granulometrias e após este período, foram medidas, pesadas e contadas para cálculo da taxa de sobrevivência. Para as variáveis biométricas de peso e comprimento total, foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em parcelas subdivididas, com três tratamentos e três repetições, considerando-se parcelas as três granulometrias de ração e subparcelas as três idades. Ao término do estudo, os peixes alimentados com as granulometrias 0,35 e 0,25 mm, obtiveram os melhores resultados para o ganho de peso (14,42 g e 13,36 g) e comprimento total (83,13 mm e 82,72 mm), não diferindo estatisticamente e as rações com diâmetros de grão 0,50 e 0,35 mm resultaram em 96,66% e 93,33% de machos, respectivamente, após análise histológica das gônadas, sem diferenças estatísticas entre os tratamentos

O Serviço de documentação textual e iconografia do Museu Paulista

The essay compares the curatorship's works realized during the decade of 1990 by the actual Department of Textual and Iconographical Documentation of Museu Paulista, responsible for the MP Fund / Permanent File (Fundo MP/Arquivo Permanente), hundreds of collections and textual funds and 50.000 iconography pieces, great part of which are gathered in photographic collections. It shows how the documentation work extrapolates the limits of SVDHICO in order to integrate itself with the group activities of the museum and with other research groups. It also points towards new work methodologies which allow to perform the curatorship in an integrated way with the interdisciplinary research and the culture diffusion.O artigo faz um balanço dos trabalhos de curadoria realizados durante a década de 1990 pelo atual Serviço de Documentação Textual e Iconografia do Museu Paulista, responsável pelo Fundo MP/Arquivo Permanente, centenas de coleções e fundos textuais e 50.000 peças de iconografia, grande parte delas reunidas em coleções fotográficas. Mostra como o trabalho de documentação extrapola os limites do SVDHICO para integrar-se com as atividades de conjunto do Museu e com outros grupos de pesquisa. Aponta também para novas metodologias de trabalho com imagens que permitem realizar a curadoria de forma integrada à pesquisa interdisciplinar e à difusão cultural

Estrutura, ultraestrutura e histoquímica do aparelho digestório do Prochilodus lineatus. Análise da diversidade da microbiota intestinal de Prochilodus lineatus e Pterygoplichthys anisitsi

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo descrever o aparelho digestório sob os pontos de vista estrutural, ultraestrutural e histoquímico de uma espécie de peixe de água doce: o curimba (Prochilodus lineatus) (Characidae, Prochilodontidae). Adicionalmente foi realizado um estudo da diversidade da microbiota intestinal do Prochilodus lineatus e do cascudo cinza (Pterygoplichthys anisitsi). Para os estudos morfológicos de anatomia, histologia, histoquímica e de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, foram utilizados 40 curimbas adultos. Para os estudos microbiológicos, além dos curimbas, foram coletados também exemplares adultos de cascudo cinza, no qual além dos métodos de cultura e análise tradicionais, que incluíram cultivos em meios aeróbios e anaeróbios facultativos, contagem de colônias e estudo da morfologia das mesmas pelo método de Gram, também englobou técnicas de observação da microbiota em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os dados numéricos obtidos tanto nos trabalhos morfológicos descritivos quanto nos microbiológicos foram submetidos à análise estatística pelo programa SAS versão 9.0. O trato digestório do curimba foi dividido em intestino cefálico, intestino anterior, intestino médio e intestino posterior, os quais foram constituídos histologicamente pelas camadas mucosa, submucosa, muscular e serosa. Células caliciformes foram observadas em toda a extensão do tubo intestinal. Ao longo do tubo digestivo detectou-se a presença de mucinas neutras, ácidas ou ambas. A vesícula biliar mostrou-se como um órgão sacular alongado, oco, de fundo cego e com paredes delgadas. O fígado apresentou-se trilobado e de consistência maciça, com coloração vermelho-acastanhado, com os hepatócitos organizados em placas duplas circundadas por sinusóides. Na contagem de bactérias intestinais totais foram encontrados valores que variaram...The aim of this study was to describe the digestive tract of species of neotropical freshwater fish, the curimba (Prochilodus lineatus) (Characidae, Prochilodontidae) under the structural, ultrastructural and histochemical aspects. Additionally a research was made about the diversity of the intestinal microflora of Prochilodus lineatus and the gray armored catfish (Pterygoplichthys anisitsi). For morphological studies, which were subdivided into gross anatomy, histology, and histochemistry and also in scanning electron microscopy were used 40 fish. For microbiological researches, were used adult specimens of the gray armored catfish, where besides of traditional methods of culture and analysis that included culture in aerobic and facultative anaerobic conditions, counting of colonies and the study of colonies morphology by Gram and also to observation of gut microbiota by scanning electron microscopy were sampled 20 fish of each species, totaling 40 animals. The numerical data obtained in the descriptive morphological researches and in the microbiological studies were analyzed by statistical software SAS, version 9.0. The digestive tract of curimba was divided into cephalic gut, foregut, midgut and hindgut, which were made histologically by the following layers: mucosal, submucosal, muscular and serosa. Goblet cells were observed throughout the length of the intestinal tube. Neutral mucins and acid or both were detected along the digestive tract. The gallbladder was an elongated saccular body, hollow, blind background and with thin walls. The liver was trilobed and compacted red-brown mass, with hepatocytes arranged in double plates surrounded by sinusoids. The count of the total intestinal bacteria showed values that ranged between 103 e 104 cfu.mL-1 (colonyforming units). The morphotypes of gram positive microorganisms found most frequently were coccoid-shaped and rod-shaped bacteria... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Validação dos métodos de identificação do sexo em tilápias do nilo (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1757), revertidas com rações contendo diferentes granulometrias e de diferentes idades

This work evaluated three methods of sexual identification of Nile tilapias with ages of 30, 60 and 90 days of age reverted through administration of androgen 17u¬methyltestosterone added to the rations of different diameters (0.25; 0.35 and 0.50 mm) in dosage of 60 mglkg of ration. To the biometricals parameters as weight and length total were used a completely randomized design in subdivided instalments with three treatments and three repetitions, where the instalments were the three diameters of ration and the subinstalments, the three ages. In the end of this work, fishes feeded with diameters 0.35 and 0.25 mm, respectively, have obtained the best results for weight (14.42 g and 13.36 g) and length total (83.13 mm and 82.72 mm), although being statisticaly not significant. In the presence of the three methods of sexual identification evaluated, histology of gonads has shown the most confident diagnosisO trabalho avaliou três métodos de sexagem em tilápias do Nilo, nas idades de 30, 60 e 90 dias, que foram revertidas mediante a administração do andrógeno 17a¬metiltestosterona incorporado às rações de diferentes granulometrias (0,25; 0,35 e 0,50 mm) na dosagem de 60 mg/kg de ração. Para os parâmetros biométricos de peso e comprimento total utilizou-se o Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC), em parcelas subdivididas, três tratamentos e três repetições, sendo parcelas as três granulometrias e subparcelas as três idades. Ao término do estudo, os peixes alimentados com as granulometrias 0,35 e 0,25 mm, respectivamente, obtiveram os melhores resultados para peso (14,42 g e 13,36 g) e comprimento total (83,13 mm e 82,72 mm), não sendo embora, estatisticamente significativos. Perante os três métodos de sexagem avaliados, a histologia das gônadas obteve o diagnóstico mais segur

Fertilização e desenvolvimento embrionário: Morfometria e análise estereomicroscópica dos ovos dos híbridos de surubins (pintado, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans x cachara, Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum)

This study aimed to analyze the morphometry of hybrids' eggs under stereomicroscopy. The induced reproduction was carried out in specimens of pintado's females (P. corruscans) and cachara's males (P. fasciatum) from Cepta - Ibama, Pirassununga, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Samples were collected in extrusion moment, during the fertilization, in times of 10 and 30 seconds, 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 45 minutes, 1 hour, at every 15 minutes until completing 2 hours, and afterwards, at every hour until the larval hatching. Oocytes and eggs' external morphology were observed, photographed and 30 samples from each moment were measured in stereomicroscopy. Oocytes, in the time of extrusion, and the eggs presented a spherical form and yellowish color. Characteristics such as wide perivitelinic space, somites, presence of optical vesicle and the main phases of embryonic development as egg-cell (blastodisc), 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 blastomeres, morula, blastula, gastrula, epiboly movements, formation and larvae hatching were verified

Fertilização e desenvolvimento embrionário: morfometria e análise estereomicroscópica dos ovos dos híbridos de surubins (pintado, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans x cachara, Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum) = Fertilization and embrionary development: morphometry and stereomicroscopic analysis of hybrids’ eggs from surubins (pintado, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and cachara, Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum)

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a morfometria dos ovos dos híbridos sob estereomicroscópio. Foi realizada a reprodução induzida em exemplares de fêmeas de pintado (P. corruscans) e de machos de cachara (P. fasciatum) do Cepta - Ibama, Pirassununga, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas no momento da extrusão, durante a fertilização, nos tempos 10 e 30 segundos, 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30 e 45 minutos, 1 hora, a cada 15 minutos até completar 2 horas e depois a cada hora até a eclosão da larva. Ovócitos e ovos foram observados quanto à morfologia externa, fotografados e 30 amostras de cada momento foram medidas em estereomicroscópio. Os ovócitos, no momento da extrusão, eos ovos apresentaram formato esférico e coloração amarelada. As características observadas foram: amplo espaço perivitelínico, somitos, presença da vesícula. As principais fases do desenvolvimento embrionário como célula-ovo (blastodisco), 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 e 64 blastômeros, mórula, blástula, gástrula e eclosão da larva também foram verificadas.This study aimed to analyze the morphometry of hybrids’ eggs under stereomicroscopy. The induced reproduction was carried out in specimens of pintado’s females (P. corruscans) and cachara’smales (P. fasciatum) from Cepta - Ibama, Pirassununga, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Samples were collected in extrusion moment, during the fertilization, in times of 10 and 30 seconds, 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 45 minutes, 1 hour, at every 15 minutes until completing 2hours, and afterwards, at every hour until the larval hatching. Oocytes and eggs’ external morphology were observed, photographed and 30 samples from each moment were measured in stereomicroscopy. Oocytes, in the time of extrusion, and the eggs presented aspherical form and yellowish color. Characteristics such as wide perivitelinic space, somites, presence of optical vesicle and the main phases of embryonic development as egg-cell (blastodisc), 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 blastomeres, morula, blastula, gastrula, epibolymovements, formation and larvae hatching were verified

Diferentes granulometrias de rações sobre o ganho de peso, crescimento, sobrevivência e reversão sexual para tilápias-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of three different diameters of crumble diets (0.25, 0.35 and 0.50 on weight gain, growing, survival and sexual proportion to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae with 30, 60 and 90 days of age. In the first 30 days of age larvae were submitted to sex reversion with diets containing the hormone 17[alpha]-methyltestosterone in a dosage of 60mg/kg of ration, respecting the different diameters and after this period, larvae were measured, weighed and counted for calculation of survival taxes. For the biometrical parameters as weight total length a completely randomized design was used in subdivided installments with three treatments and repetitions, considering installments the three diameters of diet and the sub installments, the three ages. In the end of this study, fish fed with diets of grain diameters 0.35 and 0.25 mm obtained the best results for weight gain (14.42g and 13.36 g) and total length (83.13 mm and 82.72 mm), although these results were not statistically significant, and with grain diameters 0.50 and 0.35 mm resulted in 96,66 % and 93,33% of males, respectively, after histological an, of gonads, without statistics differences between the treatments