56 research outputs found
Justice pĂ©nale internationale : la lutte contre lâimpunitĂ© en tant quâimpĂ©ratif moral
La lutte contre lâimpunitĂ© telle quâelle est menĂ©e par la Cour pĂ©nale internationale est critiquĂ©e et suscite la controverse. Les actions de lâinstitution pĂ©nale internationale sont perçues par ses critiques comme reconduisant des formes de racisme, dâethnocentrisme, dâimpĂ©rialisme, de nĂ©ocolonialisme, dâautoritarisme qui corrompent fondamentalement lâaspiration Ă la justice. Paradoxalement, le besoin dâune justice pĂ©nale internationale sâentend comme un impĂ©ratif de paix et de justice. Ce mĂ©moire questionne et examine les justifications dâun tel impĂ©ratif moral. Il part de lâhypothĂšse que celui-ci est catĂ©gorique et relĂšve dâune approche Ă©thique dĂ©ontologique. Les justifications dâune telle hypothĂšse dĂ©coulent dâune analyse des diffĂ©rents contextes historiques ayant vus lâaffirmation ou les rĂ©-affirmations dâun rejet catĂ©gorique des crimes dâinhumanitĂ© (article 5 du Statut de Rome de la Cour pĂ©nale internationale : le crime de gĂ©nocide, les crimes contre lâhumanitĂ©, les crimes de guerre, les crimes dâagression). Ces condamnations ont posĂ© les bases dâune Ă©thique de portĂ©e universelle et ont reconnu en lâhumanitĂ© une communautĂ© morale universelle. Ainsi, indiffĂ©remment des particularismes moraux et Ă©thiques, les fondements philosophiques de la lutte contre lâimpunitĂ© reposent sur un universalisme moral et lâidĂ©e rĂ©gulatrice dâun contrat Ă©thique liant la communautĂ© des Ătats et des peuples. Il est question dâĂȘtre et de faire humanitĂ©. DĂšs lors, en dĂ©pit; des thĂ©ories rĂ©alistes en relations internationales suggĂ©rant Ă la fois lâamoralitĂ© des relations inter-Ă©tatiques, des motivations prudentielles et de la rationalitĂ© instrumentale (moralitĂ© de lâintĂ©rĂȘt), en dĂ©pit des perspectives culturalistes qui tĂ©moignent dâun pluralisme moral et Ă©thique, nous voulons dĂ©montrer que la lutte contre lâimpunitĂ© est avant tout un devoir moral universalisable (fondĂ© sur le principe de dignitĂ©) de nature dĂ©ontologique (mĂȘme si cette lutte implique aussi des considĂ©rations consĂ©quentialistes). Face Ă la complexitĂ© de cette problĂ©matique, notre recherche sera transdisciplinaire; et notre approche combine et le dĂ©ductivisme.The fight against impunity as conducted by the International Criminal Court is criticized and controversial. The actions of the international criminal institution are perceived by its critics as renewing forms of racism, ethnocentrism, imperialism, neocolonialism, authoritarianism that fundamentally corrupt the aspiration to justice. Paradoxically, the need for international criminal justice is understood as an imperative of peace and justice. This research examines the justifications for such a moral imperative. It starts from the assumption that it is categorical and comes from an ethical approach to ethics. The justifications for such an assumption rest analysis of the different historical contexts that have seen the affirmation or re-affirmation of a categorical rejection of crimes of inhumanity (Article 5 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, crimes of aggression). These condemnations laid the foundations for an ethic of universal significance and recognized humanity as a universal moral community. Thus, despite moral and ethical particularisms, the philosophical foundations of the fight against impunity is based on a moral universalism and the regulating idea of an ethical contract linking the community of states and peoples. It is about being and making humanity. Therefore, in spite of; realistic theories of international relations suggesting both the amorality of inter-state relations, prudential motivations and instrumental rationality (morality of interest), despite the culturalist perspectives that testify to moral and ethical pluralism, we want to show that the fight against impunity is above all an universalizable moral duty (based on the principle of dignity) of a deontological nature (even if this struggle also implies consequentialist considerations). Given the complexity of this issue, our research will be transdisciplinary; and our approach combines inductivism and deductivism
Intonation et mélismes dans le discours oral spontané en basaa
Ce travail qui se consacre Ă la prosodie du bĂ sĂ a, une langue bantoue Ă tons parlĂ©e au Cameroun, souscrit Ă une longue tradition dâanalyse prosodique dĂ©veloppĂ©e depuis plusieurs annĂ©es au Laboratoire Parole et Langage : Prosodie, formes et fonctions. Les phĂ©nomĂšnes prosodiques envisagĂ©s au premier plan sont lâintonation et le mĂ©lisme. Cette derniĂšre notion, dâinspiration musicale et adaptĂ©e en linguistique par Caelen-Haumont et Bel (2000), renvoie Ă une vaste excursion de la courbe mĂ©lodique ..
Property concepts in BasaĂĄ and the ontology of gradability across category
Theories of gradability and comparison (e.g., Kamp 1975, Cresswell 1977 and many following) have been developed with data from familiar languages like English with adjectives at their core. In many languages, however, the main predicate in truth-conditionally equivalent constructions -- the property concept (PC) (cf. Dixon 1982) -- is of a different category: that of a nominal, which is predicated through possession cross-linguistically. Francez and Koontz-Garboden (2017) argue for a semantics for such nouns as mereologically and size-ordered sets of abstract portions, a treatment that keeps with their exhibition of mass noun behavior, with possessive predications and comparatives involving these nouns built on such a semantics. A semantics of this kind is not standardly assumed for adjectives and constructions built on them in familiar languages, however, raising the question whether the truth-conditional equivalence of the constructions with nouns in languages that have them and the constructions with adjectives in languages that have them should be model-theoretically represented, a position assumed by Menon and Pancheva (2014), or whether this equivalence should be captured in some other way.  Based on data from modification, degree questions, subcomparatives, and equatives in Basaå (Bantu; Cameroon), we show that adjectives and the have+PC noun construction must in fact have a type-theoretically identical semantics
Innovative technologies for under-resourced language documentation: The BULB Project
International audienceThe project Breaking the Unwritten Language Barrier (BULB), which brings together linguists and computer scientists, aims at supporting linguists in documenting unwritten languages. In order to achieve this we will develop tools tailored to the needs of documentary linguists by building upon technology and expertise from the area of natural language processing, most prominently automatic speech recognition and machine translation. As a development and test bed for this we have chosen three less-resourced African languages from the Bantu family: Basaa, Myene and Embosi. Work within the project is divided into three main steps: 1) Collection of a large corpus of speech (100h per language) at a reasonable cost. After initial recording, the data is re-spoken by a reference speaker to enhance the signal quality and orally translated into French. 2) Automatic transcription of the Bantu languages at phoneme level and the French translation at word level. The recognized Bantu phonemes and French words will then be automatically aligned. 3) Tool development. In close cooperation and discussion with the linguists, the speech and language technologists will design and implement tools that will support the linguists in their work, taking into account the linguists' needs and technology's capabilities. The data collection has begun for the three languages. For this we use standard mobile devices and a dedicated softwareâLIG-AIKUMA, which proposes a range of different speech collection modes (recording, respeaking, translation and elicitation). LIG-AIKUMA 's improved features include a smart generation and handling of speaker metadata as well as respeaking and parallel audio data mapping
Innovative technologies for under-resourced language documentation: The BULB Project
International audienceThe project Breaking the Unwritten Language Barrier (BULB), which brings together linguists and computer scientists, aims at supporting linguists in documenting unwritten languages. In order to achieve this we will develop tools tailored to the needs of documentary linguists by building upon technology and expertise from the area of natural language processing, most prominently automatic speech recognition and machine translation. As a development and test bed for this we have chosen three less-resourced African languages from the Bantu family: Basaa, Myene and Embosi. Work within the project is divided into three main steps: 1) Collection of a large corpus of speech (100h per language) at a reasonable cost. After initial recording, the data is re-spoken by a reference speaker to enhance the signal quality and orally translated into French. 2) Automatic transcription of the Bantu languages at phoneme level and the French translation at word level. The recognized Bantu phonemes and French words will then be automatically aligned. 3) Tool development. In close cooperation and discussion with the linguists, the speech and language technologists will design and implement tools that will support the linguists in their work, taking into account the linguists' needs and technology's capabilities. The data collection has begun for the three languages. For this we use standard mobile devices and a dedicated softwareâLIG-AIKUMA, which proposes a range of different speech collection modes (recording, respeaking, translation and elicitation). LIG-AIKUMA 's improved features include a smart generation and handling of speaker metadata as well as respeaking and parallel audio data mapping
Theory and description in African Linguistics: Selected papers from the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics
The papers in this volume were presented at the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics at UC Berkeley in 2016. The papers offer new descriptions of African languages and propose novel theoretical analyses of them. The contributions span topics in phonetics, phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics and reflect the typological and genetic diversity of languages in Africa. Four papers in the volume examine Areal Features and Linguistic Reconstruction in Africa, and were presented at a special workshop on this topic held alongside the general session of ACAL
Theory and description in African Linguistics: Selected papers from the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics
The papers in this volume were presented at the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics at UC Berkeley in 2016. The papers offer new descriptions of African languages and propose novel theoretical analyses of them. The contributions span topics in phonetics, phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics and reflect the typological and genetic diversity of languages in Africa. Four papers in the volume examine Areal Features and Linguistic Reconstruction in Africa, and were presented at a special workshop on this topic held alongside the general session of ACAL
Theory and description in African Linguistics: Selected papers from the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics
The papers in this volume were presented at the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics at UC Berkeley in 2016. The papers offer new descriptions of African languages and propose novel theoretical analyses of them. The contributions span topics in phonetics, phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics and reflect the typological and genetic diversity of languages in Africa. Four papers in the volume examine Areal Features and Linguistic Reconstruction in Africa, and were presented at a special workshop on this topic held alongside the general session of ACAL
Theory and description in African Linguistics: Selected papers from the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics
The papers in this volume were presented at the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics at UC Berkeley in 2016. The papers offer new descriptions of African languages and propose novel theoretical analyses of them. The contributions span topics in phonetics, phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics and reflect the typological and genetic diversity of languages in Africa. Four papers in the volume examine Areal Features and Linguistic Reconstruction in Africa, and were presented at a special workshop on this topic held alongside the general session of ACAL
Theory and description in African Linguistics: Selected papers from the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics
The papers in this volume were presented at the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics at UC Berkeley in 2016. The papers offer new descriptions of African languages and propose novel theoretical analyses of them. The contributions span topics in phonetics, phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics and reflect the typological and genetic diversity of languages in Africa. Four papers in the volume examine Areal Features and Linguistic Reconstruction in Africa, and were presented at a special workshop on this topic held alongside the general session of ACAL
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