Experience and prospects for application of by-products of processing of fruits in the production of animal feed

The purpose of the research was to study the feasibility of using by-products of the industrial processing of fruits for the production of full-feed mixed fodders with the possibility of using these mixed feeds as the only feed in the diets of herbivorous fur animals (nutria, brown muskrat, steppe marmot). Studies of chemical composition and nutrition have shown that nontraditional ingredients can be included in the composition of feed. At their expense, you can save up to 30% of leguminous feed, 9% - cake, 1% - meat and bone meal. This allowed us to reduce the cost of the studied batches of feed by 18–21%. Experiments have shown the effectiveness of using such feed in the diets of herbivorous fur-bearing animals. The inclusion of compound feed in the diet allowed to increase the number of commercial offspring per female muskrat by 0.8 heads, compared to the control group. The safety of young animals until the moment of depositing puppies from their mothers was approximately equal in both groups. Young muskrats of the experimental groups had 5.5–6.8% higher values of average daily increments, compared to control analogues. A similar pattern is established in male nutria. Marmots of the experimental group from the very beginning of the experiment were outnumbered by control animals. In July, these differences reached statistically significant values: 4,085 ± 71 g vs. 3,736 ± 73 g (p < 0.01). Thus, the marmots of the experimental group recovered faster after winter hibernation

MECHANOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCES AS A FACTOR FOR MODIFICATION OF THEIR PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Objective: Study the influence of the mechanical preparation methods (grinding, fluidization) of solid pharmaceutical substances (PS) and herbal raw material on their physicochemical properties and biological activities. Methods: Test substances and solvents-Lactose monohydrate (DFE Pharma, Germany). Sodium chloride, bendazol hydrochloride (all Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and herbal raw material (Callisia fragrans). The dispersity and native structure of pharmaceutical substances were analyzed by several methods: optical microscopy–Altami BIO 2 microscope (Russia); low angle laser light scattering (LALLS) method (Malvern Instruments, UK); Spirotox method–Quasichemical kinetic of cell transition of cellular biosensor Spirostomum ambiguum; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy–the analysis in the middle IR region was carried out using an IR Cary 630 Fourier spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, USA). The analysis of dried leaves of C. fragrans before and after mechanical activation was performed using Shimadzu EDX-7000 X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer without mineralization (Shimadzu, Japan). Results: It was established that the mechanical change, such as dispersion and drying, alters the biological activity of PS and herbal raw materials. The observed increase in the influence of the dispersed substance on the biosensor S. ambiguum is quantitatively estimated from the values of the activation energy (obsEa), which turns to be valued 1,5 (P≤0,05) times more than for the native form substance. In the study of the dependence of the availability of chemical elements K, Ca, Zn on the degree of dispersion of herbal raw materials was established a quantitative 4-fold (P≤0,05) increase in the concentration of elements in mechano-activated raw materials. Conclusion: By the example of the biological model of Spirotox (single-celled biosensor S. ambiguum) and herbal raw materials obtained from C. fragrans, the increase of biological activity of PS at the dispersion of initial preparations was proved

Veterinary and sanitary control during storage and sale of grain crops on the example of rye

The problem of grain preservation is extremely relevant today. Due to the increase in the population, the task of ensuring food security arises, based on the production and rational storage of grain, since a large number of agricultural products are stored without provision of the necessary storage conditions. The grain quality is maintained in compliance with the storage rules, and it becomes available throughout the year. The method of grain storage varies in temperature and humidity. Storage affects grain quality, percentage of moisture, protein and fat, color, lipoprotein content, biochemical and metabolic changes, germination rate at the end of storage. During storage, the moisture content of the grain should be minimal to prevent its germination and insect infestation.The main purpose of grain preservation is to prevent possible quantitative and qualitative losses by preserving and/or improving certain physiological characteristics

Features of technological characteristics of cereal and pseudocereal flour

Carbohydrate-amylase complex of barley, rice, buckwheat and millet flours was studied. The cereal and pseudocereal flour is stated to be thermostable. Its gelatinization and liquefaction takes a long period. Addition of medium rye flour as an available and cheap source of amylolytic enzymes accelerates and increases the liquefaction of the gelatinized mass. The features of the starch component of the cereal and pseudocereal flour were found to require an increase of the pregelatinized flour preparation time. Mono- and disaccharides of the pregelatinized cereal and pseudocereal flour are mainly represented by glucose. Pregelatinized cereal and pseudocereal flours (except rice flour) contain excessive amount of amino nitrogen in comparison with traditional for-bread-baking pregelatinized rye flour. Pregelatinized cereal and pseudocereal flours can be used in native or dry form. The shelf life of dry pregelatinized cereal and pseudocereal flour is 3 months