Field bioefficacy and residue dynamics of chlorantraniliprole (18.50% sc) in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

The okra fruit borer (Earias vittella) and sucking pests are a key limiting factor in okra cultivation due to their severe crop destruction behaviour. An experiment was conducted during 2019–20 to assess the bioefficacy of various new insecticides and persistence of chlorantraniliprole 18.50 sc residues in okra fruits at research farm of ICAR- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Among various treatments, chlorantraniliprole tested at 30 g a.i./ha was reported to be effective in reducing fruit damage by E. vittella (96%), as well as sucking pests infestation (87.81–1100%) with a significantly higher marketable fruit yield (8.88 t/ha) recorded under open field situations. Ethyl acetate was used to extract the chlorantraniliprole contaminants from the okra fruit matrix, and PSA and magnesium sulphate were used to clean up the matrix. The estimate for the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.01 mg/kg, and the average percent recoveries ranged from 83.67–89.00. The half-life was estimated 1.72 days. Based on the field bioefficacy against insect pests and residue status in okra fruits, it can be concluded that the chlorantraniliprole 30 g a.i./ha can be utilized in the okra ecosystem to successfully manage the sucking pest complex and fruit borer without posing any health risks to consumers

Impact of Corona Virus on Knowledge Service Centers in West Bengal

Abstract Purpose : The significance of this article is to know about the existing situations of the different libraries and information centers in West Bengal and to understand the changing initiatives taken by those libraries to serve the purpose of the users and to motivate them to use library resources and for that provide remote access to Electronic Resources available through their library and information centers at anywhere any time. Methodology: Questionnaires were prepared online by using Google Form and were distributed among different library professionals throughout West Bengal by using e-mails and different social networking sites and snowball sampling method is used for data collection. After returning the filled questionnaires, the data were analyzed by using graphical presentation method. Findings : The crisis situation during COVID-19 period leads to the development of more and more virtual libraries. The libraries are serving online information services as per the user’s requirements. The library professionals have taken different initiatives to solve the requirements of the users of the libraries. Among them most recent and very useful is organizing the online lectures through online meeting platforms for the users. Value :The study has drawn the picture of the virtualization of different libraries. Library is the gateway of various learning resources, but in the hard condition of lockdown period it is not possible for the users to physically visit in the library and access library documents, the librarians come forward and do all the necessary activities to serve the users require services

Automatic selection of informative sentences: The sentences that can generate multiple choice questions

Traditional education cannot meet the expectation and requirement of a Smart City; it require more advance forms like active learning, ICT education etc. Multiple choice questions (MCQs) play an important role in educational assessment and active learning which has a key role in Smart City education. MCQs are effective to assess the understanding of well-defined concepts. A fraction of all the sentences of a text contain well-defined concepts or information that can be asked as a MCQ. These informative sentences are required to be identified first for preparing multiple choice questions manually or automatically. In this paper we propose a technique for automatic identification of such informative sentences that can act as the basis of MCQ. The technique is based on parse structure similarity. A reference set of parse structures is compiled with the help of existing MCQs. The parse structure of a new sentence is compared with the reference structures and if similarity is found then the sentence is considered as a potential candidate. Next a rule-based post-processing module works on these potential candidates to select the final set of informative sentences. The proposed approach is tested in sports domain, where many MCQs are easily available for preparing the reference set of structures. The quality of the system selected sentences is evaluated manually. The experimental result shows that the proposed technique is quite promising

Use of global context for handling noisy names in discussion texts of a homeopathy discussion forum

The task of identifying named entities from the discussion texts in Web forums faces the challenge of noisy names. As the names are often misspelled or abbreviated, the conventional techniques have failed to detect the noisy names properly. In this paper we propose a global context based framework for handling the noisy names. The framework is tested on a named entity recognition system designed to identify the names from the discussion texts in a homeopathy diagnosis discussion forum. The proposed global context-based framework is found to be effective in improving the accuracy of the named entity recognition system

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Not AvailableBiopesticides terminate the problems of pest resistance, environmental burden and ensure the safety of human beings. Although the overriding challenges associated with biopesticides are fulfilling market expectations of the industry, this greener tool is now struggling for its establishment in pesticide market. The technological adaptability among farmers is still far behind regarding the uses of biopesticides especially cost-effective microbiological pesticide. Besides these constraints, long-term sustainability is the major breakthrough which needs to be considered. Off late the ongoing efforts from the government side towards adaptation will certainly show the light of better way of manufacturing in near future.Not Availabl

<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-US">Synthesis of Schiff bases of 4-amino-3-mercapto-5-pyridin-4yl-4<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">H</i>-1,2,4-triazole and their evaluation as SAR inducers</span>

1260-1274A series of twenty five Schiff bases 6a-y of 4-amino-3-mercapto-5-pyridin-4yl-4H-1,2,4-triazole having different substitution in the aryl ring attached to imine group designed incorporating the isonicotinic acid moiety present in INA, a known SAR inducer have been synthesized and characterized using 1H and 13C NMR, FT–IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. All twenty five Schiff bases, 4-arylideneamino-3-mercapto-5-pyridin-4-yl-4H-1,2,4-triazoles have been screened for systemic acquired resistance (SAR) inducing activity against sheath blight of rice and five potential compounds viz. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">6f, 6g, 6r, 6t and 6u analogues have been further evaluated. All the five compounds have considerably decreased the relative lesion height (RLH) as compared to control with maximum reduction in RLH shown by compound 6u (47.15%). These five potential compounds have been further studied for their effect on phenol content, PAL and peroxidase activity. The compound 6u has been identified as the most potent SAR inducer both based on phenotypic and biochemical study and also does not show direct fungicidal activity against R. solani. Its RI activity is found better than 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA), a resistance inducing chemical used as standard. </span

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Not AvailableNRalstonia solanacearum (Solanaceous wilt pathogen) is the second most important bacterial plant pathogen. Detection and identification of associated pathogens are of prime importance for disease management which emphasizes the need for efficient diagnostic tests and specific detection tools. Molecular techniques are most specific, highly sensitive time saving, less laborious and can simultaneously detect and identify the plant pathogens. A multi-gene family encoding HLK effectors one of the virulence determinants is well conserved in all Ralstonia solanacearum strains indicating their role in fitness of the pathogen was identified for development of specific DNA marker for diagnosis. The primer set (hlk1Fand hlk1R) was designed based on sequence alignment of hlk1 effector genes from 15 different bacterial strain sequences downloaded from NCBI data base and primer oligonucleotide were synthesised. The PCR conditions were optimised to amplify the specific fragment of HLK1 effector gene sequence. The primers were able to amplify size of 203 nucleotides with annealing temperature of 57 oC for Ralstonia solanacearum which was further validated for detection across the isolates of wilt pathogen from different host including eggplant, chilli, potato, cluster bean, marigold and ginger. To check the specificity of primers to Ralstonia solanacearum the amplification attempts were made with four bacterial species (Psuedomonas putida biovar 4, Psuedomonas aurigenosa , Xnathomonas oryzae, Bacillus cibi) and two fungal species (Fusarium oxysporium and Alternaria solani). We were unable to amplify DNA from above mentioned microorganisms which further validates the specificity of primers to Ralstonia solanacearum. The diagnostic tool developed will be helpful to assess bacterial survival, dissemination and disease outbreaks for effective management of bacterial wilt in solanaceous crops.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe ever-increasing environmental burden created by chemical synthetic pesticides gave new life to botanical pesticides in a wider dimension, an evergreen and eco-friendly option for pest management. Several beneficial characteristics like ease of application, unique and versatile mode of action encourage their use. Though botanicals have yet to reach their full market potential due to the lack of formal regulatory approval, they are cheap and easy to produce. Hence, to cope up with the environmental stress and market surge, proper economical extraction of potential botanical active ingredients is the need of hour as an alternate strategy.Not Availabl