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Validation of the Persian version of the Instagram Addiction Scale among Iranian students
Background: The increasing use of social networking sites (SNSs) globally has brought about significant changes in individuals' daily lives and interpersonal relationships. Instagram is one of the most popular SNSs and has played an important role in these changes. While most individuals' use of Instagram has beneficial effects, there have been some studies suggesting that Instagram use can be addictive for a small minority of users. Therefore, valid and reliable tools are needed to investigate this phenomenon.
Method: The present study tested the psychometric properties of the 15-item Persian version of the Instagram Addiction Scale (IAS) among Iranian students. Confirmatory factor analysis and convergent validity were used to evaluate scale validity, and Cronbach's alpha and test-retest methods were used to evaluate the reliability. The sample comprised 660 students, including 476 women (72.1%) and 184 men (27.9%). The mean age of the total sample was 23.7 years.
Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.87 for the whole scale, 0.74 for the social effect subscale and 0.84 for the compulsion subscale. Correlation coefficients obtained from divergent validity with psychological well-being and life satisfaction scales were significant.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that the Persian IAS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the risk of Instagram addiction among Iranian students
Prevalence and Correlates of Hepatitis C Infection among Male Injection Drug Users in Detention, Tehran, Iran
For the benefit of planning for the future care and treatment of people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and to help guide prevention and control programs, data are needed on HCV seroprevalence and associated risk factors. We conducted a cross-sectional sero-behavioral survey of injection drug users (IDU) detained for mandatory rehabilitation during a police sweep of Tehran, Iran, in early 2006. During the study period, a consecutive sample comprising 454 of 499 (91.0%) men arrested and determined to be IDU by urine test and physical examination consented to a face-to-face interview and blood collection for HCV antibody testing. Overall, HCV prevalence was 80.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 76.2–83.6). Factors independently associated with HCV infection included history of incarceration (adjusted OR 4.35, 95% CI 1.88–10.08), age of first injection ≤25 years (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.09–6.82), and history of tattooing (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.05–5.17). HCV prevalence in this population of IDU upon intake to jail was extremely high and possibly approaching saturation. Findings support that incarceration is contributing to the increased spread of HCV infection in Iran and calls for urgent increased availability of HCV treatment, long-term preparation for the care of complications of chronic infection, and rapid scale-up of programs for the primary prevention of parenterally transmitted infections among drug users
Unravelling strong electronic interlayer and intralayer correlations in a transition metal dichalcogenide
10.1038/s41467-021-27182-yNATURE COMMUNICATIONS12