A Qualitative Inquiry into Nursing Students’ Experience of Facilitating Reflection in Clinical Setting

Background and Aim. Reflection is known as a skill that is central to nursing students’ professional development. Due to the importance and the role of reflection in clinical areas of nursing, it is important to know how to achieve it. However, nursing trainers face the challenge of how to help their students to improve reflection in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to investigate the nursing students’ experiences of facilitating reflection during clinical practice. This qualitative study was conducted by qualitative content analysis approach. Twenty nursing students during the second to eighth semester of their educational program were selected for participation using purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth semistructured interviews. The interview was transcribed verbatim, and qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. From the data analysis, four main themes were extracted. Motivation to reflect, complex experiences, efficient trainer, and effective relations were four main themes obtained from study that, in interaction with each other, had facilitating roles in students’ reflective process on experiences. The findings revealed that the nursing students’ reflection in clinical settings is effective in personal and professional level. Reflection of nursing students depends on motivational and educational factors and these factors increase the quality of care in patients. Furthermore, nursing educators need to create nurturing climate as well as supporting reflective behaviors of nursing students

Effects of Continuous Care Model on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Iranian Elderly in Shiraz

Background: Psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress are among the most common health problems in old age. Continuous care and support can be effective and help elderly people to adapt to successive losses, especially if provided within the framework of a model. The present study aimed to determine the effects of the continuous care model (CCM) on depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) in the Iranian elderly in Shiraz. Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was performed on older adults who attended the Soroush elderly day care center in Shiraz (Iran) from September 2014 to June 2015. A total of 50 eligible elderly participated in the study and were randomly assigned to an intervention group (N=25) and a control group (N=25). The CCM was implemented in the intervention group, whereas the control group received the routine care as offered by the day care center. CCM involves four stages, namely orientation, sensitization, control, and evaluation. The data were collected using the depression, anxiety, stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire and a demographic data sheet. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software (version 22.0) with the independent sample t test, paired sample t test, Chi-square test, fisher exact test, multivariate analysis of covariance and the Pearson correlation coefficient. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The majority of the participants were women, 44 (88%), with the mean age of 63.4±2.96 years. Following the implementation of the CCM, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean DAS scores between the intervention and control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: The implementation of CCM not only reduced psychological problems (DAS) in the elderly, but also improved and strengthened their psychological condition

A cross-sectional study of relationship between self-esteem and self-concept of students of medical sciences

Background: Identification of the role of factors such as self-esteem and self-efficacy and the investigation of their relationship among students can bring about improvement of educational planning and enhance the teaching outcome. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between self-esteem and self-efficacy among the students of medical sciences.Methods: The present study is an analytical-descriptive which was conducted as a cross-sectional study on 394 students of Fasa University of Medical Sciences in 2016. In order to collect the data two questionnaires were used namely, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) and Rogers Self-concept Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22. The researchers used descriptive and inferential statistics such as t-test, chi-square one-way ANOVA, and correlation to analyze the data.Results: The mean and the standard deviation of self-esteem scores of female and male students were 38.23±6.80 and 37.51±6.67 respectively. The mean and the standard deviation of self-concept scores of female and male students were 9.49±3.53 and 9.43±4.14 respectively. The mean of self-concept scores of students of different majors had statistically significant difference with each other (0.011), whereas there was no statistically significant difference in self-esteem scores among students with different majors (0.442).Conclusions: Considering the statistically significant difference in students’ self-concept scores in different majors, it is suggested that we take right approaches to the improvement and enhancement of individuals’ self-concept and the creation of positive feedback

Perspectives of Patient Handover among Paramedics and Emergency Department Members; a Qualitative Study

Introduction: Improving patient handover is currently considered as a patient safety goal and one of the top five WHO priorities. So, the aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of patient handover among paramedics and emergency department staff. Methods: This is a descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative content analysis approach. Twenty five paramedics and emergency department staff were selected through purposeful sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews in 2015 and Qualitative Content Analysis was used to analyze the data. Result: One main theme and two major categories emerged through the data analysis. In general, data analysis indicated that patient handover is a sophisticated process, which is an encounter between two separate peninsulas with different extrinsic (different environments and different equipment) and intrinsic factors (different manpower and different expectations). Conclusion: Designing an appropriate environment, providing adequate equipment, recruiting appropriate manpower, and clarifying the expectations are some strategies for improving patient handover conditions

A Qualitative Inquiry into Nursing Students&apos; Experience of Facilitating Reflection in Clinical Setting

Background and Aim. Reflection is known as a skill that is central to nursing students&apos; professional development. Due to the importance and the role of reflection in clinical areas of nursing, it is important to know how to achieve it. However, nursing trainers face the challenge of how to help their students to improve reflection in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to investigate the nursing students&apos; experiences of facilitating reflection during clinical practice. This qualitative study was conducted by qualitative content analysis approach. Twenty nursing students during the second to eighth semester of their educational program were selected for participation using purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth semistructured interviews. The interview was transcribed verbatim, and qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. From the data analysis, four main themes were extracted. Motivation to reflect, complex experiences, efficient trainer, and effective relations were four main themes obtained from study that, in interaction with each other, had facilitating roles in students&apos; reflective process on experiences. The findings revealed that the nursing students&apos; reflection in clinical settings is effective in personal and professional level. Reflection of nursing students depends on motivational and educational factors and these factors increase the quality of care in patients. Furthermore, nursing educators need to create nurturing climate as well as supporting reflective behaviors of nursing students

Effectiveness of Acupressure on Reducing Blood Sugar and Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Acupressure as one of the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has become very popular in the management of various diseases such as diabetes. Although the increasing use of acupuncture, there are limited systematic reviews and meta-analyses in this field.Aim: The present study was performed with aim to investigate the effectiveness of acupressure on the blood sugar parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes.Method: In this rapid systematic review and meta-analysis, the studies published globally between 2010 and 2022 were searched in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases with the keywords of acupressure, diabetes, complementary medicine, blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin as separately and in combination. To analyze data, STATA software version 11 was used to analyze data, and the random effect model method was applied for meta-analysis of the studies.Results: Among the 411 articles found in the initial search, finally 8 articles were selected for this study. The results of the meta-analysis of studies showed that acupressure had a positive effect on blood sugar (95% CI = 0.816-1.553, P < 0.001, OR = 1.18) and fasting blood sugar (95% CI = 0.260 - 0.857, P˂0.001, OR = 0.559) in diabetic patients, while it had no effect on the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (95% CI = -0.139 - 0.389, P = 0.355, OR = 0.559).Implications for Practice: This study showed the positive effect of acupressure in reducing blood sugar and fasting blood sugar in patients with diabetes, however more studies are required to confirm the effect of acupressure on glycosylated hemoglobin

Nursing Students’ Experiences of Clinical Education: a Qualitative Study

Objective. To comprehend the experiences of nursing students in clinical education. Methods. A qualitative study using conventional content analysis was conducted. Data were collected using focus group interview with 16 nursing students from two public nursing schools of Shiraz and Fasa, Iran. The participants were selected by purposeful sampling. Data analysis accomplished according to conventional content analysis. Results. From this study five categories were emerged: Theory and practice disruption (The inability to use the lessons learned in practice, Routine-oriented work, The difference between theoretical knowledge and clinical training), Shaky communications (Inappropriate behavior, Inadequate support of nurses, instructors and other caregivers), Inadequate planning (Wasting time for students in clinical training, Inadequate preparation of instructors and students), Perceived tension (Stress, Anxiety and Fear), Personal and professional development (Learning more steadily, Paying attention to the spiritual dimension of care, Increasing interest in the profession, More knowledge, greater Self Confidence). Conclusion. The results of this study showed that nursing students have desirable and undesirable experiences in clinical education in the process of training, which must be addressed with proper planning for reduce the students’ problems in the clinical education of future nurses.Objetivo. Compreender as experiências dos estudantes de enfermagem na educação clínica. Métodos. Se realizou um estudo qualitativo utilizando análise de conteúdo. Os dados foram recolhidos mediante entrevistas nos grupos focais com 16 estudantes de graduação de duas escolas de enfermagem de carácter público das cidades de Shiraz e Fasa (Irão). Os participantes foram selecionados por amostragem intencional. A análise de dados se realizou de acordo com a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados. Deste estudo surgiram cinco categorias: Interrupção entre a teoria e a prática (diferença entre conhecimento teórico e o treinamento clínico, incapacidade para usar o conhecimento teórico na prática, rotinas), Comunicações instáveis (comportamentos inapropriados, apoio deficiente de enfermeiras, instrutores e outros cuidadores), Planificação inadequada (perda de tempo para os estudantes nas práticas clínicas, preparação inadequada de instrutores e estudantes), Tensão percebida (estresse, ansiedade e medo), Desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional (aprendizagem mais constante, atenção à dimensão espiritual do cuidado, aumento do interesse pela profissão, aumento de conhecimento e maior autoconfiança). Conclusão. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que os estudantes de enfermagem tem experiências desejáveis e indesejáveis na prática clínica durante o processo de formação, os quais devem ser tidos em conta com uma planificação adequada com o fim de reduzir os problemas na educação clínica dos futuros enfermeiros.Objetivo. Comprender las experiencias de los estudiantes de enfermería en la educación clínica. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo en el cual se utilizó el análisis de contenido. Los datos se recolectaron mediante entrevistas en grupos focales con 16 estudiantes de pregrado de dos escuelas de enfermería de carácter público de las ciudades de Shiraz y Fasa (Irán). Los participantes se seleccionaron por muestreo intencional. El análisis de datos se realizó de acuerdo con la técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados. De este estudio surgieron cinco categorías: Interrupción entre la teoría y la práctica (diferencia entre conocimiento teórico y el entrenamiento clínico, incapacidad para usar el conocimiento teórico en la práctica, rutinas), Comunicaciones inestables (comportamientos inapropiados, apoyo deficiente de enfermeras, instructores y otros cuidadores), Planificación inadecuada (pérdida de tiempo para los estudiantes en las prácticas clínicas, preparación inadecuada de instructores y estudiantes), Tensión percibida (estrés, ansiedad y miedo), Desarrollo personal y profesional (aprendizaje más constante, atención a la dimensión espiritual del cuidado, aumento del interés por la profesión, aumento de conocimiento y mayor autoconfianza). Conclusión. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que los estudiantes de enfermería tienen experiencias deseables e indeseables en la práctica clínica durante el proceso de formación, las cuales deben ser tenidos en cuenta con una planificación adecuada con el fin de reducir los problemas en la educación clínica de los futuros enfermeros. Descriptores: educación en enfermería; grupos focales; investigación cualitativa; estudiantes de enfermería

COMPARING THE EFFECT OF FIRE-FIGHTING PROTECTIVE CLOTHES AND USUAL WORK CLOTHES ON AEROBIC CAPACITY (Vo2max) Comparing the effect of Fire-fighting protective clothes &amp; usual work clothes on aerobic capacity (VO2max). Pak J Med Sci 2008;24(5):678-83. Corre

ABSTRACT Objective: In many jobs, people must use protective clothes to avoid physical, chemical and environmental damages. Such clothes should cause the minimal physiological, mental and organic limitations on the body, beside their protective features. The aim of this study was to compare the Iranian fire-fighting protective clothes with usual work clothes, in terms of their effects on Aerobic capacity of the subjects. Methodology: This is an experimental study, in which 30 healthy male participants were chosen according to inclusion criteria. Their physical activity was measured once by wearing Fire-fighting protective clothes and the other time by wearing usual work clothes by randomly, based on Bruce protocol. After the physical activity, parameters such as activity time, and the distance were measured. Aerobic capacity was also predicted by setting the activity time in the Bruce formula. Results: The results show that the aerobic capacity (Vo2max) was44.25±6.42ml/kg/min in participants with fire-fighting protective clothes, While this number was 57.43±5.34 ml/kg/min for usual work clothes. This difference is statistically significant (p&lt;0.001). These two sets of clothes are different in their effects on parameters such as activity (exhaustion), the distance and Vo2max.The obtained values for common clothes are better than for fire-fighting protective clothes. Conclusions: The results showed that Iranian fire-fighting protective clothes result in less tolerance time, because the aerobic capacity (Vo2max) for these clothes was observed as less than the usual work clothes

Survey of stress, anxiety, depression and self-concept of students of Fasa University of medical sciences, 2010

Background & Objectives: Studying periods in university is very important for students. Because of the problems, this period is usually accompanied with mental status changes of students. The aim of this study was the assessment of psychological variables (stress, anxiety and depression) and self-concept of students. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all the students studying at Fasa University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 89-88 were selected through census sampling method. The DASS-21 was used to assess stress, anxiety and depression of students and in order to evaluate the status of their self-concept; the Carl Rogers questionnaire was used. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics (t test, ANOVA, Chi square and Pearson correlation). Results: The results of this study showed that 76% of students had stress, 56.4% anxiety and 53.1% depression, and 69/3% had weak or negative self-concepts. There was a statistically significant correlation between high stress, anxiety and depression with negative self-concept (P<0.001).Conclusion: High stress, anxiety and depression and also a significant correlation between increased stress, anxiety and depression with negative and weak self-concept of students were found. It is necessary to devote more careful attention to mental health issues of students and have appropriate interventions

Comparison of Video & Verbal Education on Satisfaction and Post Operative Complications of Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography

Background & Objectives: Coronary angiography is one of definitive diagnostic tests for coronary artery disease. Patients' education is one of the most interventions before coronary Angiography. The objective of this study is to compare two patients' education method (Video & Verbal) on patients' satisfaction and complications after coronary angiography. Materials & Methods: In a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design, 128 patients randomly assigned to either control or experimental group. Control group received verbal routine education by nurses and experimental group received an informative video about coronary angiography procedure as well as pre and post angiography interventions. Complications of patients were assessed by observation of researcher and satisfaction measured by a 4-state scale. The date analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistics. Results: Analysis of data showed that the satisfaction of patients in experimental group was higher than control group. This difference was statistically significant (P0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study confirmed the application of multi-media education in increasing patients' satisfaction. It is recommended that video education used as a substitute for verbal education before coronary angiography