THE IMPACT OF EXPLICIT TEACHING OF VERB COLLOCATIONS ON IMPROVING UPPER-INTERMEDIATE EFL LEARNERS’ WRITING SKILL

Although impeccable development of collocation is of critical concern to second language acquisition, EFL learners may find it excessively demanding to deal. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of teaching verb collocation as an assimilated element of collocations on improving Iranian upper-intermediate EFL learners’ writing ability via explicit teaching as the leading method. Results of numerous studies have shown learners’ understanding of collocations may highly depend on their levels of English language. In this study, first, 100 upper-intermediate candidates have been invited to meet the required standards accordingly. Then 40 participants were selected by conducting an Oxford Placement Test. A quasi-experimental design was applied with the steps of inquiring about the outcome, a pretest and subsequently a posttest administered based on MELAB paper-based writing test to assess their competence by the standards of the MELAB writing rating scale. The findings acknowledged the problematic elements and suggested rational solutions which may have further implications for syllabus designers, learners, and teachers principally.  Article visualizations

Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Some Physiological and Agronomical Traits of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Irrigated Condition

The effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilization on some physiological and agronomical traits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cv. ILC 482, investigated at the Experimental Farm of the Agriculture Faculty, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. The trial was laid out in spilt plot design based on randomized complete block with four replications. Experimental factors were mineral nitrogen fertilizer at four levels (0, 50, 75 and 100 kg urea/ha) in the main plots, and two levels of inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria (with and without inoculation) as sub plots. N application and Rh. inoculation showed positive effects on physiological and agronomical traits of chickpea. The highest value of leaf RWC recorded in 50 kg urea/ha that was statistically in par with 75 kg urea/ha application while, usage of 75 kg urea/ha showed the maximum stem RWC. The maximum CMS obtained form application of 75 kg urea/ha. Chlorophyll content, leaf area index and grains protein content showed their maximum values in the highest level of nitrogen usage (100 kg urea/ha). Moreover, inoculated plants had the highest magnitudes of all physiological traits. In the case of agronomical traits, the highest values of plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, grain and biological yield were obtained from the highest level of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg urea/ha) and Rh. inoculation. Application of 75 kg urea/ha was statistically in par with 100 kg urea/ha in all of these traits. The results pointed out that some N fertilization (i.e. between 50 and 75 kg urea/ha) as starter can be beneficial to improve growth, development, physiological traits and total yield of inoculated chickpea

Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Some Physiological and Agronomical Traits of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Irrigated Condition

The effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilization on some physiological and agronomical traits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cv. ILC 482, investigated at the Experimental Farm of the Agriculture Faculty, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. The trial was laid out in spilt plot design based on randomized complete block with four replications. Experimental factors were mineral nitrogen fertilizer at four levels (0, 50, 75 and 100 kg urea/ha) in the main plots, and two levels of inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria (with and without inoculation) as sub plots. N application and Rh. inoculation showed positive effects on physiological and agronomical traits of chickpea. The highest value of leaf RWC recorded in 50 kg urea/ha that was statistically in par with 75 kg urea/ha application while, usage of 75 kg urea/ha showed the maximum stem RWC. The maximum CMS obtained form application of 75 kg urea/ha. Chlorophyll content, leaf area index and grains protein content showed their maximum values in the highest level of nitrogen usage (100 kg urea/ha). Moreover, inoculated plants had the highest magnitudes of all physiological traits. In the case of agronomical traits, the highest values of plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, grain and biological yield were obtained from the highest level of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg urea/ha) and Rh. inoculation. Application of 75 kg urea/ha was statistically in par with 100 kg urea/ha in all of these traits. The results pointed out that some N fertilization (i.e. between 50 and 75 kg urea/ha) as starter can be beneficial to improve growth, development, physiological traits and total yield of inoculated chickpea

Phenanthroimidazole as molecularly engineered switch for efficient and highly long-lived light-emitting electrochemical cell

Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) based on Ir(III) complexes owing to the superior advantages exhibit high potential for display and lighting applications. Herein, a series of Ir(III) complexes based on phenanthroimidazole (PI) as an ancillary ligand were synthesized to achieve efficient and highly stable yellow-to-orange LEC devices with fast response. These complexes exhibit appropriate electrochemical stability and significant suppression of concentration quenching in the thin films compared to the archetype complex. The fabricated LECs showed remarkably long device lifetimes over 1400 and 2100 h and external quantum efficiency of 2 and 3% for yellow and orange-LECs, respectively. The obtained t1/2 for yellow LEC is much higher than archetype [Ir(ppy)2(phen)]+ and their phenanthroline-based analogues reported so far. The incorporation of an ionic tethered functional group on PI, improved the mobility of the emissive layer and reduced the device turn-on time by 75–88%. This study shows a facile functionalization and characterization of the PI ligand as well as its potential application in optoelectronic devices (OLED

Modificación de tejido de poliéster mediante la fabricación de compuestos de nano-cobre

This research introduces a new method of polyester fabric surface modification in order to achieve distinctive features. The copper sulfate, sodium hydroxide and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were used to synthesize copper nanoparticles, and loaded on the polyester fabric surface. The optimal sample was considered by SEM-EDX, FT-IR and XRD devices. SEM images showed copper nanoparticles in shape of nano-plates with 150 to 600 nm in length and thickness of about 30 nm. The best results obtained on the modified fabric processed at boil for 120 min. According to the results of experiments CuO and Cu0 were synthesized on the fabric.This research introduces a new method of polyester fabric surface modification in order to achieve distinctive features. The copper sulfate, sodium hydroxide and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were used to synthesize copper nanoparticles, and loaded on the polyester fabric surface. The optimal sample was considered by SEM-EDX, FT-IR and XRD devices. SEM images showed copper nanoparticles in shape of nano-plates with 150 to 600 nm in length and thickness of about 30 nm. The best results obtained on the modified fabric processed at boil for 120 min. According to the results of experiments CuO and Cu0 were synthesized on the fabric

{2,2′-[(2,2-Dimethylpropane-1,3-diyl­dinitrilo)bis(phenylmethylidyne)]di­phenolato}copper(II)

The complete mol­ecule of the title complex, [Cu(C31H28N2O2)], is generated by the application of twofold symmetry; the Cu and CMe2 atoms lie on the axis. The geometry around the CuII atom is distorted square-planar. The dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is 76.0 (3) °. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions