Tri-reforming of methane over Ni@SiO₂ catalyst

AbstractA nickel-silica core@shell catalyst was applied for a methane tri-reforming process in a fixed-bed reactor. To determine the optimal condition of the tri-reforming process for production of syngas appropriate for methanol synthesis the effect of reaction temperature (550–750 °C), CH4:H2O molar ratio (1:0–3.0) and CH4:O2 molar ratio (1:0–0.5) in the feedstock was investigated. CH4 conversion rate and H2/CO ratio in the produced syngas were influenced by the feedstock composition. Increasing the amount of steam above the proportion of CH4:H2O 1:0.5 reduced the H2:CO molar ratio in produced syngas to ∼1.5. Increasing oxygen partial pressure improved methane conversion to 90% at 750 °C. At low ∼550 °C reaction temperature the tri-reforming process was not effective with low hydrogen production (H2 yield ∼20%) and very low <5% CO2 conversion. Increasing reaction temperature increased hydrogen yield to ∼85% at 750 °C. From all the tested reaction conditions the optimal for tri-reforming over the 11%Ni@SiO2 catalyst was: feed composition with molar ratio CH4:CO2:H2O:O2:He 1:0.5:0.5:0.1:0.4 at T = 750 °C. The results were explained in the context of characterisation of the catalysts used. The obtained results showed that the tri-reforming process can be applied for production of syngas with composition suitable for methanol synthesis

Nickel–silica core@shell catalyst for methane reforming

AbstractSteam reforming of methane from biogas at a small scale could potentially provide a source of hydrogen for applications such as electricity generation via fuel cells. The efficiency of the reforming process is dependent upon an effective catalyst and thus this work aimed to produce a highly active catalyst for methane reforming which is resistant to deactivation. A nickel–silica core@shell catalyst was synthesized by a deposition–precipitation method. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, TPR and infrared spectroscopy techniques. TEM analyses of sections of the catalyst embedded in resin confirmed that the catalyst had a core@shell structure. Both forms of nickel phyllosilicate 1:1 and 2:1 were identified in the catalyst structure. The performance of the catalyst in methane steam reforming was investigated. The catalyst showed relatively high methane conversion 85% at 750 °C

Logopedist role in childhood cerebral palsy – case report

This is a case study of a 5 years old girl, born as a premature child (27 weeks of pregnancy - extreme prematurity) with a very low birth weight and diagnosed with childhood cerebral palsy and drug-resistant epilepsy. In physical examination was shown: increased thoracic kyphosis, lopsidedness, contracted thoracic muscles, sciatica shin, hip-lumbar muscles, lower limbs in internal rotation. Girl should not be self-service and requires the help of a second person. She is circulatory efficient. She has also limb paresis, sensory disorders, perception, speech development disorders and eye damage.The girl has undergone logopedic therapy. Initially, the adaptation to the new environment and speech therapist was very hard. The observations, help in various situations and various games have made the therapy successful. During the therapy, it was noticed that the girl was sitting incorrectly. The parents also reported problems with acceptance of louder sounds and music (confirmed by the therapist and psychologist), which, however, improves during the therapy. Body motor skills in the described patient is very weak. Since the beginning of the therapy, a full logopedic examination was conducted and specialist tests were performed, which were evaluated on the basis of established scales. The girl is also under physiotherapist's care. The evaluation of the course of therapy shows the progress, and on the basis of the results of examinations and observations, a plan of further therapy has been prepared