Expression of secondary metabolites by the Mediterranean sponges Aplysina aerophoba and Aplysina cavernicola

Aplysina aerophoba and Aplysina cavernicola are two sibling sponge species common in Mediterranean sea. External and internal morphology is almost identical in the two species. So, according to a lack of traditional taxonomic character (spicule comparison), taxonomists have longly debated if the two taxa, showing different ecological requirements but identical morphology, should be regarded as ecotypes or distinct species. Now, molecular phylogeny has brought response to this question: A. aerophoba and A. cavernicola are lately distinct species. The two species, also called bacteriosponges because of their dense community of symbiotic bacteria that can amount up to 40 % of their dry weight, can contain high amounts of secondary metabolites: brominated alkaloids derived from tyrosine (up to 13% of dry weight). As part of a program in chemical ecology where the main goal is to better understand the processes controlling the chemical diversity and its variation in marine invertebrates, (1) we finalized the methodology to quantify the major secondary metabolites produced by the two Mediterranean Aplysina species, (2) we identified chemotaxonomic markers in order to clearly discriminate the two sibling species, (3) we explored whether variation, in quality and quantity, of secondary metabolites expression occurs at different biogeographic scales, and (4) we investigated the role of microbial symbionts in bromotyrosine alkaloids biosynthesis

PENGEMBANGAN KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA SISWA MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH KELAS RENDAH MENGGUNAKAN PICTURE WORD INDUCTIVE MODEL

Keterampilan membaca termasuk dari empat komponen keterampilan dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia yaitu keterampilan menulis, membaca, berbicara, dan menyimak. Penelitian ini berfokus pada keterampilan membaca jenis keterampilan membaca permulaan pada kelas rendah. Karena dilapangan masih ditemukan sebagian kecil peserta didik yang belum terampil dalam membaca, oleh karena itu strategi Picture Word Inductive Model adalah salah satu langkah terapi yang cukup sederhana namun efektif diterapkan kepada peserta didik tersebut, baik itu bagi peserta didik yang memiliki kemampuan membaca rendah sampai kepada kemampuan sedang dan tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif bersifat induktif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah wali kelas 2b MIS Al Islamiyah Bangkar yang berinisial MIY dan 32 siswa kelas 2b. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa pengembangan keterampilan membaca menggunakan Picture Word Inductive Model dapat mengembangkan kualitas pembelajaran keterampilan membaca permulaan bagi kelas 2 MIS Al Islamiyah Bangkar, dengan tahapan-tahapan sebagai berikut 1) pengenalan gambar guru menggunakan konsep gambar pop up. 2) Peserta didik mengidentifikasi gambar. 3) Review kata bergambar secara audio dan visual. 4) Menyusun kata dan kalimat, bersama mengembangkan kata menjadi sebuah kalimat sederhana. Jadi hasilnya peserta didik yang memiliki keterampilan membaca rendah mulai berangsur-angsur membaik dengan tindak lanjut secara continue atau berkelanjutan disetiap pembelajarannya. Sedangkan peserta didik yang sudah memiliki keterampilan membaca sedang dan tinggi dapat mengembangkannya lebih baik lagi

DIMENSIONAL SYNTHESIS AND KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF PURE ROTATIONAL 3 RSR PARALLEL MECHANISM

ABSTRACT This research describes about spherical parallel mechanisn on three degrees of freedom pure rotational parallel mechanism (3-RSR). There are several kinematic constants are needed to be specified. Determination of kinematic constants are affected by several considerations. In this research workingspace, singularity and limitation of joint connecting will be applied to obtain the optimal set of kinematic constant. Then forward kinematic was also discussed relationships between input joint displacement and platform orientation. Based on calculation results, it was obtained the optimal configuration of kinematic contants specified as angle of joint revolute with respect to base , angle of joint revolute with respect to platform , Length of first link , radius of platform and radius of base and then the formulation of forward kinematic was successfully derivied. Keyword: workingspace, singularity, spherical parallel mechanis

Expert Queuing System using Statistical Analysis and Fuzzy Logic Technique

This research suggests an expert or smart queue system to control the auditors in government and private companies characterized by the number of critics, where the proposed system determine the proper queue of client by calculating the average length of time for the work of each employee (service) and determine the type of operation approved, with the number of employees and auditors registered, and enter these data for computations based  on fuzzy logic. These processes determine the length of time needed to finish a number of processes. The number of clients expected their service are determined based on the number and type of operation which can create a timetable for operations within the working time (primary queue ) .  As case study the Department of Civil Affairs is ben taken. Keywords: expert systems, fuzzy logic, queuing system, .smart queuing systems, queuing management

Holy Quran Arabic Character Recognition using Neural Networks

Arabic text recognition is one of the most important fields of optical character recognition for Arabic people. Arabic text recognition consider of converting an image of Arabic text into editable format such as doc or pdf. One of its branches is holy Quran text recognition. The key aim of this research is to develop Quran Arabic Recognition System. The study recognises the Arabic text (character) individually . In addition, this study will use  Back propagation neural networks for character recognitions. Because of the nature of holy quran the rate of recognition must by extremely high. Keywords: text recognition, Arabic text recognition, quran text recognition neural networks, DOI: 10.7176/IKM/13-3-05 Publication date:May 31st 202