Implementacija metoda ispitivanja papirne knjižnične građe

This article presents a number of conventional and modern techniques used for the examination of paper-based library materials, which were recently implemented in the Conservation and Restoration Laboratory at the National and University Library “St. Clement of Ohrid” - Skopje. The most important and widely used approaches for conducting the conservation research on many forms of works on paper with a historical value are outlined in terms of their applications and the kind of information on the constituent materials of paper artifacts that can be extracted. Special attention is paid to the conventional methods of micro-chemical analyses of paper artifacts. The sensitivity of the technique, various results obtained during the analysis with possible interferences, and the most compatible modern method are Summarised. A set of examples is provided for the demonstration of the capabilities of these methods for examination of paper and paper additives on manuscripts and old print books, some of which are part of the movable cultural heritage of the Republic of Macedonia.Članak predstavlja neke konvencionalne i suvremene tehnike koje se koriste u ispitivanju papirne knjižnične građe, a u novije ih vrijeme provodi Laboratorij za konzervaciju i restauraciju Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice “Sv. Kliment Ohridski” - Skopje. Prikazani su najvažniji i najšire primijenjeni pristupi vođenju konzervatorskih istraživanja na raznim oblicima radova na papiru s povijesnom vrijednošću, u smislu njihove primjene i vrste informacija na tvorbenim materijalima papirnih artefakata koji se mogu izdvojiti. U radu su sažeti osjetljivost tehnika, različiti rezultati dobiveni tijekom analize s mogućim interferencijama i najsukladnije suvremene metode. Za prikaz mogućnosti ovih metoda u ispitivanju papira i papirnih aditiva na rukopisima i starim knjigama, od kojih su neke dio pokretne kulturne baštine Republike Makedonije, navodi se niz primjera

Implementacija metoda ispitivanja papirne knjižnične građe

This article presents a number of conventional and modern techniques used for the examination of paper-based library materials, which were recently implemented in the Conservation and Restoration Laboratory at the National and University Library “St. Clement of Ohrid” - Skopje. The most important and widely used approaches for conducting the conservation research on many forms of works on paper with a historical value are outlined in terms of their applications and the kind of information on the constituent materials of paper artifacts that can be extracted. Special attention is paid to the conventional methods of micro-chemical analyses of paper artifacts. The sensitivity of the technique, various results obtained during the analysis with possible interferences, and the most compatible modern method are Summarised. A set of examples is provided for the demonstration of the capabilities of these methods for examination of paper and paper additives on manuscripts and old print books, some of which are part of the movable cultural heritage of the Republic of Macedonia.Članak predstavlja neke konvencionalne i suvremene tehnike koje se koriste u ispitivanju papirne knjižnične građe, a u novije ih vrijeme provodi Laboratorij za konzervaciju i restauraciju Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice “Sv. Kliment Ohridski” - Skopje. Prikazani su najvažniji i najšire primijenjeni pristupi vođenju konzervatorskih istraživanja na raznim oblicima radova na papiru s povijesnom vrijednošću, u smislu njihove primjene i vrste informacija na tvorbenim materijalima papirnih artefakata koji se mogu izdvojiti. U radu su sažeti osjetljivost tehnika, različiti rezultati dobiveni tijekom analize s mogućim interferencijama i najsukladnije suvremene metode. Za prikaz mogućnosti ovih metoda u ispitivanju papira i papirnih aditiva na rukopisima i starim knjigama, od kojih su neke dio pokretne kulturne baštine Republike Makedonije, navodi se niz primjera

Anxiety, Stress and Coping Patterns in Children in Dental Settings

BACKGROUND: Fear of the dentist and dental treatment is a common problem. It can cause treatment difficulties for the practitioner, as well as severe consequences for the patient. As is known, the level of stress can be evaluated thought electrodermal activity, cortisol measure in saliva, or indirectly by psychometric tests.AIM: The present study examined the psychological influence of dental interventions on the child as well as coping patterns used for stress diminution.METHODS: We examined two matched groups of patients: a) children with orthodontic problems (anomalies in shape, position and function of dentomaxillofacial structures) (N = 31, mean age 10.3 ± 2.02) years; and b) children with ordinary dental problems (N = 31, mean age 10.3 ± 2.4 years). As psychometric instruments, we used: 45 items Sarason’s scale for anxiety, 20 items simple Stress - test adapted for children, as well as A - cope test for evaluation coping patterns.RESULTS: Obtained scores confirmed the presence of moderate anxiety in both groups as well as moderate stress level. For Sarason’s test obtained scores for the group with dental problems are 20.63 ± 8.37 (from max 45); and for Stress test 7.63 ± 3.45 (from max 20); for the orthodontic group obtained scores are 18.66 ± 6.85 for Sarason’s test, while for the Stress test were 7.76 ± 3.78. One way ANOVA confirmed a significant difference in values of obtained scores related to the age and gender. Calculated Student t - test shows non-significant differences in obtained test results for both groups of examinees. Coping mechanisms evaluated by A - cope test shows that in both groups the most important patterns used for stress relief are: developing self-reliance and optimism; avoiding problems and engaging in demanding activity.CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that moderate stress level and anxiety are present in both groups of patients (orthodontic and dental). Obtained scores are depending on gender and age. As more used coping patterns in both groups are developing self-reliance and optimism; avoiding problems and engaging in demanding activity. Some strategies for managing this problem are discussed

Bladder mucinous adenocarcinoma as a diagnostic challenge: a case report

Primary bladder adenocarcinoma (PBA), especially the mucinous subtype, is a rare cancer that represents less than 2% of all bladder malignancies. Overlapping histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) features of PBA with metastatic colonic adenocarcinomas (MCA) make the final diagnosis very hard. We presented a 75-year-old woman presenting with hematuria and severe anemia in the last two weeks. The abdominal computed tomography scan showed a tumor-sized 2x2 cm right to the bladder dome. The patient underwent partial cystectomy without postoperative complication. The histopathologic and IHC showed mucinous adenocarcinoma and could not distinguish between the PBA from MCA. Investigations to exclude MCA revealed no other primary malignant site and suggested PBA. In conclusion, mucinous PBA requires ruling out any possibility of a metastatic lesion that could arise from other organs. Treatment should be considered an individual approach based on the tumor location and size, the patient´s age, general condition, and comorbidities