Compatibility of body constitutions (prakriti) and diet considering Ayurvedic principles

Iako je ayurveda priznata od strane Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije, na osnovu trenutnih znanstvenih spoznaja nije sasvim jasna razlika između ayurvedskih pogleda na prehranu i onih znanosti o prehrani. U cilju jasnijeg razumijevanja ayurvede, cilj je bio ispitati korelaciju prehrambenih navika te konzumaciju određenih namirnica, prema principima ayurvede, i prakriti, promatrajući ravnotežu pojedinih dosha u tijelu. Podaci o tjelesnoj konstituciji (prakriti) dobiveni su ispunjavanjem testa za doshe, dok su podaci o prehrani prikupljeni nekvantitativnim FFQ-om, te posebno razvijenim upitnikom za prehrambene navike. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 210 ispitanika (38,6 % muškaraca, 61,4 % žena) dobi od 16 do 55 godina (75,2 %), te stariji od 55 (24,8 %). Rezultati su pokazali najveći utjecaj prehrane na kaphu i pittu, te konzumiranih namirnica na pitta, kapha i vata-pitta konstituciju. Ispitanici čija je tjelesna konstitucija uravnotežena nisu pokazali očekivane prehrambene navike osim u slučaju kaphe i pitte-kaphe za kapha doshu (p<0,1) te vate-pitta za pitta doshu. Korelacija prehrane i tjelesne konstitucije uočena je samo kod vata-pitta tjelesne konstitucije za pitta doshu (p<0,1). Zbog postojećih ograničenja, sljedeća bi istraživanja pažnju trebala usmjeriti i na druge čimbenike, osim prehrane koji pridonose zdravlju pojedinca, ispitati varijabilnost i primjenjivost u različitim populacijama u cilju postizanja željenih rezultata. To bi zahtijevalo temeljito preispitivanje ayurvedskih tvrdnji u vezi prehrane i preispitivanje konvencionalnog znanstvenog pristupa radi provjere ispitljivosti tradicionalne mudrosti.Although ayurveda is recognized by the World Health Organization, based on current scientific knowledge, there is not a clear distinction between nutrition and ayurvedic views on nutrition. In order to have a clearer understanding of ayurveda, the hypothesis was to examine the correlation between dietary habits and the consumption of certain foods, according to the principles of ayurveda, and prakriti, by observing the balance of individual dosha. Data on the body constitution were obtained by the standard dosha test, while dietary data was collected by non-quantitative FFQ and specially developed questionnaire for dietary habits. Subjects (n=210, 38.6 % men, 61.4 % woman) involved in the research were aged 16 to 55 (75.2%) and older than 55 (24.8 %) years. The results showed the greatest influence of the diet on kapha and pitta, and the consumed food on pitta, kapha and vata-pitta constitution. Subjects whose body constitutions were balanced did not show any correlation with habits except in the case of kapha and pitta-kapha for kapha dosha (p<0.1) and vata-pitta for pitta dosha. The correlation between diet and body constitution was only observed in vata-pitta body constitution for pitta dosha (p<0.1). Due to the existing limitations, the following research should focus on other factors, except food, that contribute to individual health, to examine variability and applicability in different populations in order to achieve the desired results. This would require a thorough review of Ayurvedic nutrition claims and a re-examination of conventional scientific approaches to verify the test of traditional wisdom

Usklađenost tjelesne konstitucije i prehrane s obzirom na ayurvedske principe

Ayurvedska medicina je priznata od strane Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije, a usporedba principa suvremene znanosti o prehrani i ayurvedskih principa pokazuje određene podudarnosti. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio ispitati korelaciju prehrambenih navika i tjelesne konstitucije ispitanika prema principima ayurvede. Podaci o tjelesnoj konstituciji (prakriti) dobiveni su ispunjavanjem testa za doshe, dok su podaci o prehrani prikupljeni upitnikom o učestalosti konzumiranja te posebno razvijenim upitnikom za prehrambene navike. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 210 odraslih ispitanika (38,6 % muškaraca, 61,4 % žena). Od ukupnog broja ispitanika, 131 (62,38 %) imaju uravnoteženu tjelesnu konstituciju, dok njih 79 (37, 62 %) ima uneravnoteženu konstituciju. Za kapha tjelesnu konstituciju, rezultati su pokazali povezanost prehrambenih navika i konstitucije. Kod uneravnoteženih tjelesnih konstitucija, povezanost je uočena samo kod pitta neravnoteže i njezinih prehrambenih navika

Preparation and characterization of tyloxapol micelles loaded with dexamethasone

U ovom radu ispitivana je mogućnost solubilizacije deksametazona kao teško topljive djelatne tvari, neionskog solubilizatora tiloksapola i Krebs-Ringerova pufera kao složene otopine elektrolita, a sve pri temperaturi od 34°C koja je karakteristična za mjesto apsorpcije djelatne tvari. Sadržaj otopljenog/solubiliziranog deksametazona određena je spektrofotometrijski pri =241nm. Topljivost deksametazona se pri koncentracijama tiloksapola manjim od cmc (kritične micelizacijske koncentracije) ne mijenja, a kad koncentracija tiloksapola dosegne koncentracije veće od cmc dolazi do porasta topljivosti što je posljedica micelarne solubilizacije. Veličina i disperznost micela određena je fotonskom korelacijskom spektroskopijom. Ako se usporedi veličina micela tiloksapola i veličina micela tiloksapola sa uklopljenim deksametazonom vidi se da se veličina micela znatno ne mijenja pa se može zaključiti da su nastali micelarni sustavi stabilni.In this study we examined the possibility of solubilization ability of dexamethasone as a sparingly soluble active substance, a nonionic solubilizer tyloxapol and Krebs-Ringer buffer solution as the electrolyte complex, and all at a temperature of 34 ° C which is characteristic for the location of absorption of the drug. The content of dissolved / solubilized dexamethasone was determined spectrophotometrically at = 241nm. Solubility of dexamethasone at concentrations of tyloxapol which are less than cmc (critical micelizacijske concentration) do not change, and when the concentration reaches tyloxapol concentration greater than cmc, an increase in solubility as a result of micellar solubilization. The size and dispersity of the micelles was determined by photon correlation spectroscopy. If one compares the size of the micelles tyloxapol and size micelles tyloxapol fitted with dexamethasone it can be seen that the size of the micelles did not change so it can be concluded that the resulting micellar systems are stable

Preparation and characterization of tyloxapol micelles loaded with dexamethasone

U ovom radu ispitivana je mogućnost solubilizacije deksametazona kao teško topljive djelatne tvari, neionskog solubilizatora tiloksapola i Krebs-Ringerova pufera kao složene otopine elektrolita, a sve pri temperaturi od 34°C koja je karakteristična za mjesto apsorpcije djelatne tvari. Sadržaj otopljenog/solubiliziranog deksametazona određena je spektrofotometrijski pri =241nm. Topljivost deksametazona se pri koncentracijama tiloksapola manjim od cmc (kritične micelizacijske koncentracije) ne mijenja, a kad koncentracija tiloksapola dosegne koncentracije veće od cmc dolazi do porasta topljivosti što je posljedica micelarne solubilizacije. Veličina i disperznost micela određena je fotonskom korelacijskom spektroskopijom. Ako se usporedi veličina micela tiloksapola i veličina micela tiloksapola sa uklopljenim deksametazonom vidi se da se veličina micela znatno ne mijenja pa se može zaključiti da su nastali micelarni sustavi stabilni.In this study we examined the possibility of solubilization ability of dexamethasone as a sparingly soluble active substance, a nonionic solubilizer tyloxapol and Krebs-Ringer buffer solution as the electrolyte complex, and all at a temperature of 34 ° C which is characteristic for the location of absorption of the drug. The content of dissolved / solubilized dexamethasone was determined spectrophotometrically at = 241nm. Solubility of dexamethasone at concentrations of tyloxapol which are less than cmc (critical micelizacijske concentration) do not change, and when the concentration reaches tyloxapol concentration greater than cmc, an increase in solubility as a result of micellar solubilization. The size and dispersity of the micelles was determined by photon correlation spectroscopy. If one compares the size of the micelles tyloxapol and size micelles tyloxapol fitted with dexamethasone it can be seen that the size of the micelles did not change so it can be concluded that the resulting micellar systems are stable

Is there a difference between food portions in toddlers according to body mass index of their mothers

Unatoč dokazima koji postoje o urođenoj sposobnosti regulacije sitosti u male djece, nova istraživanja pokazuju da i mala djeca konzumiraju više hrane kad im je ponuđena veća porcija. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi razlikuje li se masa određenih namirnica koju mala djeca konzumiraju u jednom obroku obzirom na indeks tjelesne mase (ITM) majki. Podaci o veličini porcija prikupljeni su 24-satnim prisjećanjem unosa hrane i pića provedenom tijekom tri dana. U istraživanje je uključeno 33 djece, od kojih je 15 djevojčica i 18 dječaka, dobi od 24-30 mjeseci. Najčešće konzumirane namirnice iz 6 skupina namirnica bile su: bijeli kruh (žitarice), mrkva i krumpir (povrće), jabuka (voće), piletina (meso), mlijeko (mliječni proizvodi) te maslac (skupina masti). U odnosu na preporuke, veličine serviranih porcija bile su veće za sve promatrane namirnice osim za mrkvu. Djeca čije su majke normalne tjelesne mase konzumirala su veće količine navedenih namirnica u odnosu na djecu čije su majke povećane tjelesne mase (ITM≥25kg/m2), razlika je bila statistički značajna samo u slučaju kruha i krumpira (p<0,05). Rezultate je potrebno potvrditi na većem uzorku ispitanika te utvrditi veličine porcija karakteristične za malu djecu u Hrvatskoj. Potrebno je provesti druga istraživanja u kojem će pažnja biti usmjerena na utjecaj roditelja na veličinu porcija serviranih maloj djeci.In spite of evidence about an innate ability of toddlers to self-regulate satiety, new researches show that toddlers eat more when they are offered a larger serving. The aim of this research was to determine a difference in food portions consumed by toddlers according to body mass index (BMI) of their mothers. The data about portion sizes were collected by 24-hour dietary recall during three non-consecutive days. There were 33 children involved in the research, 15 girls and 18 boys, aged 24-30 months. The most consumed foodstuffs from six food groups were: white bread (cereals), carrot and potato (vegetable), apple (fruit), chicken (meat), milk (dairy) and butter (fat group). Compared to recommendations, portion sizes were larger for all foodstuffs except for carrot. The children of mothers with normal BMI consumed larger amounts of all observed foodstuffs than the children of mothers with higher BMI (≥25 kg/m2), the difference was statistically significant only for bread and potato (p<0,05). The resultsshould be confirmed on a larger sample size, and the sizes of typical food portions should be established for toddlers in Croatia. Also, additional research needs to clarify the influence of parents on the sizes of food portions served to toddlers

Compatibility of body constitutions (prakriti) and diet considering Ayurvedic principles

Iako je ayurveda priznata od strane Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije, na osnovu trenutnih znanstvenih spoznaja nije sasvim jasna razlika između ayurvedskih pogleda na prehranu i onih znanosti o prehrani. U cilju jasnijeg razumijevanja ayurvede, cilj je bio ispitati korelaciju prehrambenih navika te konzumaciju određenih namirnica, prema principima ayurvede, i prakriti, promatrajući ravnotežu pojedinih dosha u tijelu. Podaci o tjelesnoj konstituciji (prakriti) dobiveni su ispunjavanjem testa za doshe, dok su podaci o prehrani prikupljeni nekvantitativnim FFQ-om, te posebno razvijenim upitnikom za prehrambene navike. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 210 ispitanika (38,6 % muškaraca, 61,4 % žena) dobi od 16 do 55 godina (75,2 %), te stariji od 55 (24,8 %). Rezultati su pokazali najveći utjecaj prehrane na kaphu i pittu, te konzumiranih namirnica na pitta, kapha i vata-pitta konstituciju. Ispitanici čija je tjelesna konstitucija uravnotežena nisu pokazali očekivane prehrambene navike osim u slučaju kaphe i pitte-kaphe za kapha doshu (p<0,1) te vate-pitta za pitta doshu. Korelacija prehrane i tjelesne konstitucije uočena je samo kod vata-pitta tjelesne konstitucije za pitta doshu (p<0,1). Zbog postojećih ograničenja, sljedeća bi istraživanja pažnju trebala usmjeriti i na druge čimbenike, osim prehrane koji pridonose zdravlju pojedinca, ispitati varijabilnost i primjenjivost u različitim populacijama u cilju postizanja željenih rezultata. To bi zahtijevalo temeljito preispitivanje ayurvedskih tvrdnji u vezi prehrane i preispitivanje konvencionalnog znanstvenog pristupa radi provjere ispitljivosti tradicionalne mudrosti.Although ayurveda is recognized by the World Health Organization, based on current scientific knowledge, there is not a clear distinction between nutrition and ayurvedic views on nutrition. In order to have a clearer understanding of ayurveda, the hypothesis was to examine the correlation between dietary habits and the consumption of certain foods, according to the principles of ayurveda, and prakriti, by observing the balance of individual dosha. Data on the body constitution were obtained by the standard dosha test, while dietary data was collected by non-quantitative FFQ and specially developed questionnaire for dietary habits. Subjects (n=210, 38.6 % men, 61.4 % woman) involved in the research were aged 16 to 55 (75.2%) and older than 55 (24.8 %) years. The results showed the greatest influence of the diet on kapha and pitta, and the consumed food on pitta, kapha and vata-pitta constitution. Subjects whose body constitutions were balanced did not show any correlation with habits except in the case of kapha and pitta-kapha for kapha dosha (p<0.1) and vata-pitta for pitta dosha. The correlation between diet and body constitution was only observed in vata-pitta body constitution for pitta dosha (p<0.1). Due to the existing limitations, the following research should focus on other factors, except food, that contribute to individual health, to examine variability and applicability in different populations in order to achieve the desired results. This would require a thorough review of Ayurvedic nutrition claims and a re-examination of conventional scientific approaches to verify the test of traditional wisdom

Is there a difference between food portions in toddlers according to body mass index of their mothers

Unatoč dokazima koji postoje o urođenoj sposobnosti regulacije sitosti u male djece, nova istraživanja pokazuju da i mala djeca konzumiraju više hrane kad im je ponuđena veća porcija. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi razlikuje li se masa određenih namirnica koju mala djeca konzumiraju u jednom obroku obzirom na indeks tjelesne mase (ITM) majki. Podaci o veličini porcija prikupljeni su 24-satnim prisjećanjem unosa hrane i pića provedenom tijekom tri dana. U istraživanje je uključeno 33 djece, od kojih je 15 djevojčica i 18 dječaka, dobi od 24-30 mjeseci. Najčešće konzumirane namirnice iz 6 skupina namirnica bile su: bijeli kruh (žitarice), mrkva i krumpir (povrće), jabuka (voće), piletina (meso), mlijeko (mliječni proizvodi) te maslac (skupina masti). U odnosu na preporuke, veličine serviranih porcija bile su veće za sve promatrane namirnice osim za mrkvu. Djeca čije su majke normalne tjelesne mase konzumirala su veće količine navedenih namirnica u odnosu na djecu čije su majke povećane tjelesne mase (ITM≥25kg/m2), razlika je bila statistički značajna samo u slučaju kruha i krumpira (p<0,05). Rezultate je potrebno potvrditi na većem uzorku ispitanika te utvrditi veličine porcija karakteristične za malu djecu u Hrvatskoj. Potrebno je provesti druga istraživanja u kojem će pažnja biti usmjerena na utjecaj roditelja na veličinu porcija serviranih maloj djeci.In spite of evidence about an innate ability of toddlers to self-regulate satiety, new researches show that toddlers eat more when they are offered a larger serving. The aim of this research was to determine a difference in food portions consumed by toddlers according to body mass index (BMI) of their mothers. The data about portion sizes were collected by 24-hour dietary recall during three non-consecutive days. There were 33 children involved in the research, 15 girls and 18 boys, aged 24-30 months. The most consumed foodstuffs from six food groups were: white bread (cereals), carrot and potato (vegetable), apple (fruit), chicken (meat), milk (dairy) and butter (fat group). Compared to recommendations, portion sizes were larger for all foodstuffs except for carrot. The children of mothers with normal BMI consumed larger amounts of all observed foodstuffs than the children of mothers with higher BMI (≥25 kg/m2), the difference was statistically significant only for bread and potato (p<0,05). The resultsshould be confirmed on a larger sample size, and the sizes of typical food portions should be established for toddlers in Croatia. Also, additional research needs to clarify the influence of parents on the sizes of food portions served to toddlers

The impact of hyperosmolarity on long-term outcome in patients presenting with severe hyperglycemic crisis: a population based study

AIMS: We compared characteristics of patients with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) and patients with severe hyperglycemia without the signs of hyperosmolarity and ketoacidosis; analyzed long-term all-cause mortality and potential prognostic factors. ----- METHODS: The studied population included 261 749 adults. HHS was diagnosed in patients with plasma glucose >33.0 mmol/L, ketonuria 320 mmol/L. Patients with plasma glucose >33.0 mmol/L, ketonuria <1+ and serum osmolarity <320 mmol/L were considered as controls (nHHS). ----- RESULTS: During the 5-year period, we observed 68 episodes of HHS in 66 patients and 51 patients with nHHS. Patients with HHS were significantly older, had lower BMI, higher serum C-reactive protein and used diuretics and benzodiazepines more frequently. Mortality rates one, three and 12 months after admission were 19.0, 32.1 and 35.7% in the HHS group, and 4.8, 6.3 and 9.4% in the nHHS group (P<0.001). However, after adjustment for patient age, these differences were not statistically significant. In multivariate Cox regression in HHS group, mortality was positively associated with age, male gender, leukocyte count, amylase, presence of dyspnea and altered mental status, and the use of benzodiazepines, ACE inhibitors and sulphonylureas, while it was inversely associated with plasma glucose, bicarbonate, and the use of thiazides and statins. A nomogram derived from these variables had an accuracy of 89% in predicting lethal outcome. ----- CONCLUSIONS: Infection, use of furosemide and benzodiazepines may be important precipitating factors of HHS. Prospective clinical trials are mandatory to analyze the safety of ACE-inhibitors and benzodiazepines in elderly patients with diabetes