Relationship between Malocclusion, Bullying, and Quality of Life in Students from Low Social Development Area: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To analyze the relationship between malocclusion and bullying and its impact on the well-being and quality of life of students from low social development areas. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 243 schoolchildren between 10 and 17 years. Malocclusion was analyzed using Dental Aesthetic Index. Bullying and self-perception of the impact of one’s oral condition on quality of life and interpersonal relationships were assessed by questions from National Survey of Schoolchildren\u27s Health and Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ11-14). Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney tests, considering groups: 10-11, 12-14 and 15-17 years. Results: No correlation was observed between malocclusion and bullying. However, in the 12-14 group, poor correlations were found between malocclusion and the CPQ11-14 (0.226) and between malocclusion and being shy/embarrassed due to oral aspects (0.298). Positive correlations were observed between bullying and the impact on the quality of life in the 10-11 (0.420) and 12-14 (0.425) groups. In the older group, a positive correlation (0.724) was observed between the concern about what others think of their oral health and the impact on their quality of life. Conclusion: There was no evidence of a relationship between malocclusion and bullying. However, the oral conditions negatively affected the interpersonal relationships and the student\u27s quality of life

Occurrence of Dental Trauma in a Group of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Objective: To assess the occurrence of dental trauma in a group of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in comparison to children without the disorder. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Children and Adolescents Health in the Department of Health of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. The study included individuals with and without ASD, between three and 16 years old, and their parents/caregivers. Children/adolescents were assessed for dental trauma by clinical examination. All exams were performed by a trained and calibrated examiner (MCT), and intra-examiner reliability was previously established (Kappa=0.93). The Socio-demographic status was reported by parents/caregivers. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and generation of frequency distributions. Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate the association between groups of children/adolescents with and without ASD about the presence of dental trauma. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Sixty children of both sexes participated in the study, thirty with a diagnosis of ASD and thirty without. The age ranging from 3 to 13 years, with an average of 7.5 ± 3.2 years. Children with ASD had a higher frequency of dental trauma than children without ASD (p=0.02), and the most frequent type of trauma was enamel fracture (57.10%), followed by enamel/dentin fracture without pulp exposure (42.90%). Conclusion:  Children with ASD, when compared to children who did not have ASD, had a higher occurrence of dental trauma

Early Childhood Caries Experience of Children from Poor Families Living Below and Above Poverty Line

Objective: To evaluate the role of poverty and its related factors on early childhood caries (ECC) experience among deprived children. Material and Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study surveyed 418 children aged one to six years enrolled in Brazilian public preschools from an area of the country known for its high social deprivation. Intraoral examination of children evaluated dental caries experience (dmft). Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire with sociodemographic indicators. Family income was dichotomized into below or above poverty line. Data analysis used Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and Multivariate Logistic Regression analysis (p<0.05). Results: Predisposing variables for an increased chance of ECC were: age group 3-4 years (OR: 4.89; 95% CI: 2.32-10.31), age group 5-6-years (OR: 5.60; 95% CI: 2.60-12.04), being part of families living below poverty line (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.04-3.38) and having mothers with less than nine years of schooling (OR: 2.86; 95% CI: 2.77-7.14). Children from families living below poverty line presented higher dmft (2.9 +3.8; p=0.001) and untreated dental caries (d component) (2.7 +3.7; p=0.002). Conclusion: ECC in a poor population was influenced by indicators of social deprivation. The poorest of poor children from mothers with less years of schooling were at higher risk

Relationship between Malocclusion, Bullying, and Quality of Life in Students from Low Social Development Area: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To analyze the relationship between malocclusion and bullying and its impact on the well-being and quality of life of students from low social development areas. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 243 schoolchildren between 10 and 17 years. Malocclusion was analyzed using Dental Aesthetic Index. Bullying and self-perception of the impact of one’s oral condition on quality of life and interpersonal relationships were assessed by questions from National Survey of Schoolchildren's Health and Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ11-14). Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney tests, considering groups: 10-11, 12-14 and 15-17 years. Results: No correlation was observed between malocclusion and bullying. However, in the 12-14 group, poor correlations were found between malocclusion and the CPQ11-14 (0.226) and between malocclusion and being shy/embarrassed due to oral aspects (0.298). Positive correlations were observed between bullying and the impact on the quality of life in the 10-11 (0.420) and 12-14 (0.425) groups. In the older group, a positive correlation (0.724) was observed between the concern about what others think of their oral health and the impact on their quality of life. Conclusion: There was no evidence of a relationship between malocclusion and bullying. However, the oral conditions negatively affected the interpersonal relationships and the student's quality of life

Características clínicas e epidemiológicas da leishmaniose visceral em crianças internadas em um hospital universitário de referência no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis in children hospitalized at a reference university hospital in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Descrever as características clínicas e epidemiológicas e o tratamento das crianças internadas com leishmaniose visceral (LV) em hospital universitário de referência no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo e documental de crianças de 0 a 12 anos internadas com diagnóstico de LV no Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria, Montes Claros, MG. Foram analisados os prontuários referentes ao período de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2007. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas 51 crianças com LV, sendo 51% do sexo feminino e a faixa etária de maior incidência da doença foi em menores de 5 anos (74,5% dos casos). Verificou-se que 31% dessas crianças residiam em Montes Claros e 69% procediam de 20 municípios do norte de Minas Gerais, dos quais 72,5% eram originárias da zona urbana e 21,6% da zona rural. A principal manifestação clínica foi a febre (96,1%) e os principais achados clínicos na admissão foram esplenomegalia (98%) e hepatomegalia (94%). O tratamento de escolha foi Glucantime (70,6%), Anfotericina B convencional (13,7%), Anfotericina B lipossomal (2%) e Glucantime associado a Anfotericina B (15,7%). 35,4% dos casos desenvolveram processos infecciosos durante o período da internação, destacando-se as infecções de pele em 11,8%. O tempo de permanência hospitalar médio foi de 19 dias (DP = ±5,4), 96,1% receberam alta médica e 3,9% evoluíram para óbito. CONCLUSÕES: A partir das características clínicas e epidemiológicas identificadas no estudo, sugere-se uma observação mais eficaz por parte dos profissionais de saúde, visando ao reconhecimento precoce e tratamento adequado da doença e suas complicações.<br>OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and treatment of children admitted with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) to a reference university hospital in the northern part of Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Retrospective study and documentation of children aged 0 to 12 years admitted with a diagnosis of VL at the University Hospital Clemente de Faria, Montes Claros, MG. Records for the period between January 2006 and December 2007 were analyzed. RESULTS: We identified 51 children with VL, of which 51% were female, and 74.5% were under 5 years of age. Children came from Montes Claros (31%), 20 municipalities in the north of the state of Minas Gerais (69%), urban areas (72.5%), and rural areas (21.6%). The main clinical manifestation was fever (96.1%) and major clinical findings at admission were splenomegaly (98%) and hepatomegaly (94%). The treatment of choice was Glucantime (70.6%), Conventional Amphotericin B (13.7%), Liposomal Amphotericin B (2%), and Glucantime associated with Amphotericin B (15.7%). Infections developed during hospitalization in 35.4% of cases, and of those, 11.8% were skin infections. The average length of hospitalization was 19 days (SD = ± 5.4); 96.1% children received medical discharge and 3.9% progressed to death. CONCLUSIONS: From the clinical and epidemiological characteristics identified in the study, more effective monitoring by healthcare workers is recommended, aiming at early recognition and appropriate treatment of the disease and its complications

Justiça distributiva no serviço de saúde especializado e no acesso a medicamentos

Quando se fala de doenças crônicas e do sistema público de saúde, a escassez de recursos está sempre em pauta. O estudo analisou o referenciamento e o acesso à medicação em indivíduos assistidos pelo serviço público estadual Hiperdia. Trata-se de pesquisa transversal, com 250 indivíduos referenciados para esse nível secundário de atenção à hipertensão e diabetes. Investigaram-se critérios biológicos, acesso aos medicamentos, perfil sociodemográfico e econômico e condição de saúde. O nível de significância estatística foi de 5%. O referenciamento correto foi de 64,0%, embora incorreto para quase metade dos que utilizaram o transporte público municipal. O acesso total à medicação (69,6%) estava associado à menor renda familiar (p < 0,05). A discussão, fundamentada no princípio da justiça distributiva, concluiu pela recomendação de melhor capacitação dos profissionais no referenciamento de serviços assistenciais, com redução do desperdício em transporte público e atenção especializada, além do que, tal investimento deve ser revertido em maior distribuição gratuita de medicamentos