URBAN REGENERATION AND THE ROLE OF CULTURE: AN INTRODUCTION TO CULTURAL QUARTER

Konsep creative city merupakan salah satu cara untuk memenangkan kompetisi antar kota pada era globalisasi ini. Adalah penting bagi kota untuk mengubah imagenya menjadi sesuatu yang baru atau lebih baik, karena proses tersebut akan mendorong terjadinya peningkatan investasi bagi sebuah daerah atau kota itu sendiri. Perencanaan perkotaan membutuhkan strategi yang tepat untuk melakukan proses regenerasi kawasan perkotaan tersebut, salah satunya cultural quarter yang mengubah suatu kawasan yang tidak memiliki nilai ekonomis menjadi suatu daerah baru yang kaya akan potensi kultural dan ekonomis melalui proses komodifikasi. Beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan di dalam pengembangan kawasan cultural quarter ini diantaranya adalah faktor faktor pendukung termasuk area yang membutuhkan proses regenerasi (seperti daerah peninggalan historis atau peninggalan industri), cultural infrastructure, proses perencanaan yang tepat, networking, katalisator, dan morfologi. The art of townscape is the conscious arrangement of physical things for man’s convenience, safety and pleasure (Charles Elio)

Urban Regeneration And The Role Of Culture: An Introduction To Cultural Quarter

Intisari Konsep creative city merupakan salah satu cara untuk memenangkan kompetisi antar kota pada era globalisasi ini. Adalah penting bagi kota untuk mengubah imagenya menjadi sesuatu yang baru atau lebih balk, karena proses tersebut akan mendorong terjadinya peningkatan investasi bagi sebuah daerah atau kota itu sendiri. Perencanaan perkotaan membutuhkan strategi yang tepat untuk melakukan proses regenerast kawasan perkotaan tersebut, salah satunya cultural quarter yang mengubah suatu kawasan yang tidak memiliki nilai ekonomis menjadi suatu daerah baru yang kaya akan potensi kultural dan ekonomis melalui proses komodifikasi. Beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan di datum pengembangan kawasan cultural quarter ini diantaranya adalah faktor-faktor pendukung termasuk area yang membutuhkan proses regenerasi (seperti daerah peninggalan historis atau peninggalan industri), cultural infrastructure, proses perencanaan yang tepat, networking, katalisator, dan morfologi. The art of townscape is the conscious arrangement of physical things for man\u27s convenience, safety and pleasure (Charles Elio

Strategi Penciptaan Pelayanan Kesehatan Dasar untuk Kemudahan Akses Penduduk Desa Miskin

Improving health care service access for the poor is a complex and challenging effort. Various health care facilities are often located in hardly accessible spots for the poor. This research seeks to develop policy options that can be used to create primary health care services became more accessible to the poor. A mobile facility-based health care service system or a service system which allows accessible health facility for the society, especially the poor, needs to be developed. This system needs regulation, institutional, human resources and financial support, and also good coordination among institutions which have related functions and duty on primary health care services

Temporal effects of maternal psychological distress on child mental health problems at ages 3, 5, 7 and 11: analysis from the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Background: Psychological distress is common among women of childbearing age, and limited longitudinal research suggests prolonged exposure to maternal distress is linked to child mental health problems. Estimating effects of maternal distress over time is difficult due to potential influences of child mental health problems on maternal distress and time-varying confounding by family circumstances. Methods: We analysed the UK Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative sample with data collected throughout childhood. Adopting a marginal structural modelling framework, we investigated effects of exposure to medium/high levels of maternal psychological distress (Kessler-6 score 8+) on child mental health problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire borderline/abnormal behaviour cut-off) using maternal and child mental health data at 3, 5, 7 and 11 years, accounting for the influence of child mental health on subsequent maternal distress, and baseline and time-varying confounding. Results: Prior and concurrent exposures to maternal distress were associated with higher levels of child mental health problems at ages 3, 5, 7 and 11 years. For example, elevated risks of child mental health problems at 11 years were associated with exposure to maternal distress from 3 years [risk ratio (RR) 1.27 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.49)] to 11 years [RR 2.15 (95% CI 1.89–2.45)]. Prolonged exposure to maternal distress at ages 3, 5, 7 and 11 resulted in an almost fivefold increased risk of child mental health problems. Conclusions: Prior, concurrent and, particularly, prolonged exposure to maternal distress raises risks for child mental health problems. Greater support for mothers experiencing distress is likely to benefit the mental health of their children

Strategi Penciptaan Pelayanan Kesehatan Dasar untuk Kemudahan Akses Penduduk Desa Miskin

Improving health care service access for the poor is a complex and challenging effort. Various health care facilities are often located in hardly accessible spots for the poor. This research seeks to develop policy options that can be used to create primary health care services became more accessible to the poor. A mobile facility-based health care service system or a service system which allows accessible health facility for the society, especially the poor, needs to be developed. This system needs regulation, institutional, human resources and financial support, and also good coordination among institutions which have related functions and duty on primary health care services

Changes in socioeconomic inequality in Indonesian children's cognitive function from 2000 to 2007: a decomposition analysis

Background: Measuring social inequalities in health is common; however, research examining inequalities in child cognitive function is more limited. We investigated household expenditure-related inequality in children’s cognitive function in Indonesia in 2000 and 2007, the contributors to inequality in both time periods, and changes in the contributors to cognitive function inequalities between the periods. Methods: Data from the 2000 and 2007 round of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) were used. Study participants were children aged 7–14 years (n = 6179 and n = 6680 in 2000 and 2007, respectively). The relative concentration index (RCI) was used to measure the magnitude of inequality. Contribution of various contributors to inequality was estimated by decomposing the concentration index in 2000 and 2007. Oaxaca-type decomposition was used to estimate changes in contributors to inequality between 2000 and 2007. Results: Expenditure inequality decreased by 45% from an RCI = 0.29 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.36) in 2000 to 0.16 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.20) in 2007 but the burden of poorer cognitive function was higher among the disadvantaged in both years. The largest contributors to inequality in child cognitive function were inequalities in per capita expenditure, use of improved sanitation and maternal high school attendance. Changes in maternal high school participation (27%), use of improved sanitation (25%) and per capita expenditures (18%) were largely responsible for the decreasing inequality in children’s cognitive function between 2000 and 2007. Conclusions: Government policy to increase basic education coverage for women along with economic growth may have influenced gains in children’s cognitive function and reductions in inequalities in Indonesia.Amelia Maika, Murthy N. Mittinty, Sally Brinkman, Sam Harper, Elan Satriawan, John W. Lync

Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Sumatera Selatan : Analisis Data Survei Aspek Kehidupan Rumah Tangga Indonesia 1997-2000

xii, 68 p.; 21 cm

Effects of inequality, family investment and early childhood interventions on children cognitive and socio-emotional wellbeing in Indonesia

Background: Understanding inequality in children’s health and development is important because effects of disadvantage early in life may contribute to health disparities throughout life. Evidence shows that children who live in poorer families tend to have poorer cognitive outcomes and higher risk of behavioural problems compared to their peers from non-poor families. In low and middle income countries, children from poor families are more likely to be exposed to a multitude of risk factors that compromise healthy child development including lack of access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation, lack of access to health and education services, as well as inadequate learning environment at home. Whilst parental investment in children’s health and development often relies on resources that are available at home, effective interventions may protect children from negative consequences of living in poverty and increase investment in children’s health and development. Aims: The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate inequalities in cognitive function and socio-emotional well-being among Indonesian children, and how early childhood interventions might reduce these inequalities. The specific research questions are as follows: 1. What is the magnitude of socioeconomic inequality in Indonesian children’s cognitive function in 2000 and 2007? What factors contribute to the inequality? Does the inequality in children’s cognitive functioning change between 2000 and 2007 and what factors contribute to the change in inequality? 2. What is the effect of household per capita expenditure on Indonesian children cognitive function and does a cash transfer intervention increase cognitive function scores? 3. What is the association of poverty at ages 0-7 and poverty at 7-14 with children’s cognitive function at 7-14 years? What is the direct effect of poverty at 0-7 years on cognitive function at 7-14 years, and is this effect mediated through poverty at 7-14 and through school attendance and aspects of the child’s home environment? 4. What is the relative and combined effect of different hypothetical interventions such as improving standard of living through provision of piped water and improved sanitation, maternal mental health and a parenting program on children’s school readiness and socio-emotional wellbeing in Indonesia? Methods: This thesis used data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) and the Early Childhood Education and Development (ECED) project. IFLS was used in studies 1-3, where the study participants consisted of two cohorts who were recruited for cognitive testing, comprising children aged 7-14 in 2000 (born between 1993 and 1986) and children aged 7-14 in 2007 (born between 2000 and 1993). In study 4, data from the ECED was used. Herein, the study participants included children aged 4 in 2009 and followed up at ages 5 and 8. This thesis used a range of statistical approaches to answer the aims of this thesis including the relative concentration index, decomposition of concentration index, Oaxaca-type decomposition of change, an inverse probability of treatment weight of a marginal structural model, conventional regression analysis, decomposition analysis (direct and indirect effects) and parametric g-formula. Multiple imputation analysis was also performed where applicable. Results: In the first study, there were substantial reductions in inequality in children’s cognitive function between 2000 and 2007, but the burden of poor cognitive function was still higher among the disadvantaged. In both 2000 and 2007, household per capita expenditure was the largest single contributor to inequality in children’s cognitive function. However, improvements in maternal education, access to improved sanitation and household per capita expenditure were the main contributors to reductions in inequality in children’s cognitive function from 2000 to 2007. In study two, greater household per capita expenditure was associated with higher cognitive function but the effect size was small. Based on simulations of a hypothetical cash transfer intervention, an additional US$ 6-10/month of cash transfer for children from the poorest households in 2000 increased the mean cognitive function score by 6% but there was no overall effect of cash transfers at the total population level. In the third study, being exposed to poverty was associated with poor cognitive function score at any age, however, there was no evidence that being exposed to poverty at 0-7 had a larger effect on cognitive function than poverty at 7-14 years. From decomposition analysis, poverty at 0-7 had a larger direct effect on children’s cognitive function at 7-14 years than the effect of poverty at 0-7 that was mediated through poverty, school attendance and aspects of the child’s home environment at 7-14 years. Moreover, the effect of poverty at 0-7 on cognitive function at 7-14 years was largely mediated through pathways involving child’s home environment, school attendance and poverty at 7-14 than the mediated effect through poverty at 7-14 alone. From the final study, providing access to piped water as the main drinking water source, improved sanitation, maternal mental health and a parenting education program had positive effects on children’s school readiness and socio-emotional wellbeing in rural Indonesia. Intervention that combined multiple programs had a larger effect than any single intervention. In this study, a combination of provision of piped drinking water, improved sanitation, maternal mental health and a parenting education program is likely yield the largest effect, however, most of the effect was driven by provision of piped drinking water and improved sanitation. Conclusions: This thesis provides some evidence to fill the knowledge gap on inequalities in children’s cognitive and socio-emotional wellbeing in Indonesia. It has also attempted to generate evidence that is relevant for policy intervention that may help to reduce these inequalities. Providing early childhood intervention that combined multiple programs is likely to have the largest effect. More importantly, the early childhood intervention in Indonesia should start with providing greater access to piped drinking water and improved sanitation.Thesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Public Health, 2016

Pendekatan Kultural sebagai Strategi Resolusi Konflik: Kasus Khon Kaen Thailand

People would not only believe culture as a way of life, but also practicing them for several reasons including for a problem solving method. The assumptions rest on the values that determine people's behavior in their social interaction. Cultural approach is one strategy in resolving conflict. Unfortunately, limited knowledge has led them to adapt their culture not in the right way. The mal-adoption in practicing culture becomes an obstacle for resolving conflict. The problems to be discussed centre on how to transform the obstacle to the conflict management strategy. It is important to socialize the urgency of resolving conflict, recommending the strategies to create a space for people to communicate and discuss their problems. Establishing a forum for discussion will encourage people participation

PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN MISKIN PADA USAHA KECIL DI PERDESAAN MELALUI LAYANAN LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO

This paper will be discussing the service of microfinance agency which had influenced the welfare of poor women who became its clients. The research for this paper took place in Kecamatan Bayat, Klaten, which has been the location of a growing microfinance agency, Mitra Usaha Mandiri (MUM). With the help from this microfinance agency, the poor women were expected to be able to improve their family welfare and gain more income. The easy procedure to apply and its fast process were the keys success of this microfinance agency. The form of this microfinance agency was Grameen Bank model. This model has shown a significant result in many countries. Grameen Bank model put women as their clients because giving credit to women has minor risk compared to men