A Brazilian Total Diet Study: Evaluation of essential elements

AbstractTotal Diet Study (TDS) has been adopted worldwide and is based on the evaluation of food samples representing a Market Basket, which shows dietary habits of a large-scale population. This TDS presents results of the element concentrations, daily dietary intakes and contributions to the total daily intake of essential elements, Na, K, Ca, Fe, Zn and Cr in 30 food groups of a Market Basket of São Paulo State, Brazil. The methodology for the first Brazilian TDS for the São Paulo State population and its respective Market Basket was developed. Food consumption data and information were obtained from the National Household Food Budget Survey, Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) 2002–2003 conducted by the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics, which includes 5440 foods. The selection criteria to carry out the Market Basket were the foods consumed at more than 2g/day/person, which represented 72% of the total weight of the foods for this population. Element concentrations were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis and ranged in mgkg−1 as follows: Na: 1.5–256,185; K: 0.51–532; Ca: 22–1827; Fe: 0.08–49; Zn: 0.030–98; and in μgkg−1 Cr: 2.6–799. The dietary intakes contributed by the Market Basket were: 1928mg/day−1 Na; 861mg/day−1 K; 275mg/day−1 Ca; 5.70mg/day−1 Fe; 4.25mg/day−1 Zn and 20.7μg/day−1 Cr. The observed low levels are probably due to the fact that Market Basket represented 72% of the weight of the household consumed foods. The highest contributions to the total intake of the essential elements were: salts, 78.9% of Na; breads, 36.9% of Fe and 46.4% of Cr; cereals, 18.7% of Zn; and milk/cream, 58.7% of Ca and 23.6% of K

Determinação de cádmio em cogumelos da espécie Lentinus edodes

Many studies have drawn attention to the occurrence and concentration of toxic elements found in the fruiting body of mushrooms. Some edible mushroom species are known to accumulate high levels of inorganic contaminants, mainly cadmium, mercury, and lead. There are about 2,000 known edible mushroom species, but only 25 of them are cultivated and used as food. In Brazil, the most marketed and consumed mushroom species are Agaricus bisporus, known as Paris champignon, Lentinus edodes, or Shitake and Pleurotus sp, also called Shimeji or Hiratake. In this study, the concentration of cadmium was determined in Lentinus edodes mushrooms from different cities in São Paulo state and some samples imported from Japan and China. The analyses were performed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after HNO3-H2O2 digestion. The results showed a lower concentration of Cd in the mushrooms cultivated in São Paulo (0.0079 to 0.023 mg.kg-1 in natura) than that of the mushrooms cultivated abroad (0.125 to 0.212 mg.kg-1 in natura). Although there is no tolerance limit for Cd in mushrooms in Brazil, the results show that Lentinus edodes mushrooms can be safely consumed

Development of the Food List for a Brazilian Total Diet Study

The objective of this paper is to establish a methodology for the Food List for the southeastern region of Brazil, according to the Total Diet Study (TDS) harmonized methodology at international level. The Food List can provide data for a further TDS with evaluation of essential and toxic element dietary intakes by food analysis in laboratories. The food consumption data source used was from 2008-2009 Household Budget Survey, by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The Food List was composed of 82 food items grouped into 19 food groups. It reflects 100% of the daily individual food consumption inside and outside Brazilian southeastern population households. According to the recommendation that each country should carry out their own TDS and the TDS methodology used, the Food List construction can contribute to the Food List of other Brazilian regions and other countries, besides allowing the TDS development. Additionally, the Food List showed the typical diet for the southeastern region of Brazil

Metodologia de Estudo de Dieta Total no Estado de São Paulo para estimativa de ingestão dietética de elementos tóxicos e essenciais: a elaboração da Cesta de Mercado (Market Basket)

O objetivo do estudo foi elaborar a Cesta de Mercado para a realização de Estudos de Dieta Total (EDT) para avaliação de ingestão dietética de elementos tóxicos e essenciais no Estado de São Paulo. A fonte de dados foi a pesquisa de consumo nacional domiciliar atualizada, Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) 2002-2003, do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Para estimar o consumo de alimentos pela população estudada, os dados de aquisição alimentar utilizados foram pertinentes ao Estado de São Paulo. A Cesta de Mercado inicialmente foi formulada com os dados disponíveis das publicações do IBGE, e para detalhamento dos alimentos foram pesquisados os seus Micro dados, resultando numa Cesta de Mercado com 71 alimentos, que corresponde a 72% do peso dos alimentos da população do Estado de São Paulo, segundo a POF. Como abordagem sugerida pelos EDT já realizados em outros países, os alimentos foram agrupados em 30 compostos, que serão posteriormente analisados para determinar o seu conteúdo dos elementos essenciais e tóxicos

Assessment of daily dietary intake of Hg and some essential elements in diets of children from the Amazon region

Daily dietary intake of Hg and some essential elements in diets of children from communities in the Jaú National Park, Amazon region, were assessed. Diet samples were analyzed for total Hg content using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry and Ca, Fe, K, Na, Se and Zn contents by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The weekly tolerable provisional intake for Hg in the communities studied varied from 13 to 57 μg of Hg per kg of body weight, exceeding the limit of 5 μg·kg-1 set by the WHO. Comparison of the daily dietary intake values to the new Dietary Reference Intakes (4-8 years), showed prevalence of inadequacy. © 2006 Akadémiai Kiadó