3D-kompositointi

Opinnäytetyössä käydään läpi yleisimpiä 3D-kompositointiin liittyviä tekniikoita sekä kompositointiin käytettyjä ohjelmia ja liitännäisiä. Työssä esitellään myös kompositoinnin juuret 1800-luvun lopulta aina nykyaikaiseen digitaaliseen kompositointiin asti. Kompositointi on yksinkertaisimmillaan usean kuvan liittämistä saumattomasti yhdeksi uskottavaksi kokonaisuudeksi. Vaikka prosessi vaatii visuaalista silmää, vaatii se myös paljon teknistä osaamista. Tämän lisäksi perusymmärrys kameran optiikasta on oleellista, sillä lähtökohtaisesti kompositoitua maailmaa pyritään esittämään kameran linssin läpi. Liikkuvaa kuvaa kompositoitaessa ei riitä, että kuva on visuaalisesti hyvän näköinen, vaan myös tarinankerrontaa tukevien elementtien tulee olla läsnä. Myös kokonaisuuden on oltava yhtenäinen, jottei katsoja harhaannu tarinasta. Teoria-osuus toimii pohjana Zeta Fighters -mobiilipelin cinematic-trailerille, jonka kompositointityövaiheita käydään läpi opinnäytetyön case-osiossa. 3Danimoidun trailerin kompositoinnissa käytettiin Adoben After Effects -ohjelmaa 3. osapuolen Element 3D -liitännäisen kanssa.This Bachelor’s thesis introduces the most common software and plug-ins used in 3D compositing. The thesis also explores the history of compositing from the late 19th century all the way to modern digital compositing. Compositing refers to combining multiple images into one seamless and believable final image. The process requires an exellent visual eye but also a lot of tecnical knowledge. In addition, a basic understanding of the real-world camera optics is essential because world in films is often simulated as how it would look like if shot with a real camera. While compositing a film it is not enough that the image is visually good looking but it also needs to stay coherent and support the overall story. The theory part of the thesis is used as a basis to the compositing process of a cinematic trailer made for Zeta Fighters, the mobile game. The compositing of this fully 3D animated trailer was done in Adobe After Effects using a 3rd party plugin, Element 3D. The process is described in detail in the case section of this bachelor´s thesis

Prevention and treatment of acute radiation-induced skin reactions: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background Radiation-induced skin reaction (RISR) is a common side effect that affects the majority of cancer patients receiving radiation treatment. RISR is often characterised by swelling,redness, pigmentation, fibrosis, and ulceration, pain, warmth, burning, and itching of the skin.The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of interventions which aim to prevent or manage RISR in people with cancer.Methods We searched the following databases up to November 2012: Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL (2012, Issue 11), MEDLINE (from 1946), EMBASE (from 1974), PsycINFO (from 1806), CINAHL (from 1981) and LILACS (from 1982). Randomized controlled trials evaluating interventions for preventing or managing RISR in cancer patients were included. The primary outcomes were development of RISR, and levels of RISR and symptom severity. Secondary outcomes were time taken to develop erythema or dry desquamation; quality of life; time taken to heal, a number of skin reaction and symptom severity measures; cost, participant satisfaction; ease of use and adverse effects. Where appropriate, we pooled results of randomized controlled trials using mean differences (MD) or odd ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results Forty-seven studies were included in this review. These evaluated six types of interventions (oral systemic medications; skin care practices; steroidal topical therapies; non-steroidal topical therapies; dressings and other). Findings from two meta-analyses demonstrated significant benefits of oral Wobe-Mugos E for preventing RISR (OR 0.13 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.38)) and limiting the maximal level of RISR (MD −0.92 (95% CI −1.36 to −0.48)). Another meta-analysis reported that wearing deodorant does not influence the development of RISR (OR 0.80 (95% CI 0.47 to 1.37)).Conclusions Despite the high number of trials in this area, there is limited good, comparative research that provides definitive results suggesting the effectiveness of any single intervention for reducing RISR. More research is required to demonstrate the usefulness of a wide range of products that are being used for reducing RISR. Future efforts for reducing RISR severity should focus on promising interventions, such as Wobe-Mugos E and oral zinc