Uso de organomineral associado a microrganismos no desenvolvimento e controle de nematoides na cultura da soja

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)A soja possui grande importância econômica para o Brasil e o mundo. O controle químico para nematoides na soja não é considerado o melhor método de manejo devido sua alta toxicidade ao meio ambiente. Dessa forma, o controle biológico vem se destacando, através do uso de material orgânico e rizobactérias que promovem um melhor desenvolvimento de plantas e controle dos fitoparasitas. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento e controle dos nematoides na cultura da soja na influência dos fertilizantes organominerais (FOMs) associados a microrganismos. O experimento foi realizado com solo arenoso, em casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de DBC, com 7 tratamentos e 6 repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: FOM granulado AGROCP 08-08-08 + Microrganismos (70 ml de solução microbiana para cada uma tonelada de fertilizante); FOM farelado AGROCP 10-10-10 + Microrganismos (70 ml de solução microbiana para cada uma tonelada de fertilizante); FOM granulado AGROCP 08-08-08; FOM farelado AGROCP 10-10-10; Mineral convencional 18-18-18; Mineral convencional 18-18-18 + químico (600 ml/ha para o @Nimitz) e Mineral convencional 18-18-18 + biológico (200 g/ha para o @QUARTZO). Aos 75 DAS foram avaliados: altura de planta; diâmetro de colmo; massa fresca de parte aérea e raiz; massa seca de parte aérea e volume de raiz. A utilização de FOM associados a microrganismos (Bacillus subtilis e Bacillus licheniformis) representou melhores resultados nas variáveis: altura de planta; massa seca. Para a variável controle de nematoide o estudo se demonstra inconclusivo devido a influências externas impossibilitando a utilização dos dados

Maize crop response to different levels of mineral and or-ganomineral fertilization associated with plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPBs): Resposta da cultura do milho a diferentes níveis de adubação mineral e organomineral associada à bactérias promotoras do crescimento de plantas (BPCPs)

Corn has a high nutritional requirement, especially with regard to NPK fertilization. However, the low efficiency of conventional fertilizers combined with the high cost of the input has limited the reach of high yields. The use of fertilizers with increased efficiency seeks to mitigate these limitations, reducing potential losses due to the gradual release of nutrients. The objective of this work was to compare the nutrition, growth and production of maize plants subjected to different doses and special NPK fertilizers fully applied at planting, as well as their residual effect on the soil. A randomized block design was used, in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor consisted of conventional mineral, polymer coated and organomineral fertilizers inoculated with PGPBs. The second factor was doses of 0, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-¹ of NPK. Vegetative growth, foliar nutrition (N, P and K), yield growth components, productivity, profitability and P and K nutrient content remaining in the soil after cultivation were evaluated. The conventional mineral fertilizer presented higher production of dry biomass of the aerial part and profitability in relation to the special fertilizers. However, the special fertilizers presented better results in the vegetative and productive growth, in general, still showing a potential reduction of the applied doses, without compromising the grain yield, especially in the organomineral fertilization + PGPBs. The same showed greater residual effect of K in the soil, proving to be relevant longterm studies for better elucidation of these effects in the soil and subsequent culture

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data