A Study on Employment for Rural Laborers in the Process of Industrialization and Modernization of Vietnam

Employment and job creation are global socio-economic issues and concern every country in the world and Vietnam is no exception. Today, the concept of development is comprehensively understood and economic growth is associated with progress, social justice, poverty reduction, on the basis of creating sustainable jobs for workers. At different times, employments for workers also have different characteristics. In the dimension of this study, employment for rural laborers with the case study of Nam Dinh of Vietnam have been investigated, then some recommendations are proposed for creating more jobs for rural people. Keywords: Employment, job creation, rural employment, rural labor. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-21-13 Publication date:July 31st 202

Value Chain Analysis of Climate-smart Shan Tea Production in the Northern Mountainous Region of Vietnam

Agricultural production in the face of climate change requires a transformation and reorientation in agricultural systems and policy making. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is such a transformative approach that aims to sustainably increase food security, by improving adaptation to climate change and capturing potential mitigation co-benefits. CSA approach goes beyond field level practices and encompasses value chains, food systems as well as enabling environments and policy. This paper provides a site-specific analysis of the contributions of organic and conventional Shan tea value chains (VCs) to CSA objectives by using a interdisciplinary approach. Our findings show that both organic and conventional Shan tea VCs simultaneously contribute to food security and adaptation. Shan tea plays a vital role in securing household income and has a strong potential in helping households to coping with extreme weather events. Potential mitigation options are mainly in the processing stage (GHG emissions from coal burning)

An investment plan for low-emission rice production in the Mekong River Delta region in support of Vietnam's Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris Agreement

Rice production is integral to agriculture and food security in Vietnam, but it also contributes greenhouse gas emissions. In 2010, paddy rice production emitted 44.61 million tons carbon dioxide equivalents (MtCO2e), 18% of total national GHG emissions. A variety of options to mitigate GHG emissions from paddy rice show promise and will contribute to implementing Vietnam’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and green growth strategies. One of the most promising options is alternate wetting and drying (AWD), a technique in which fields are allowed to dry out to a certain point before irrigation instances. This paper focuses on the Mekong River Delta region, which produces more than 50% of total rice production and 95% of rice exported from Vietnam. This study employs a literature review, a study of promising GHG mitigation options, and an analysis of cost and benefits of AWD to develop an investment plan for AWD in the Mekong River Delta. In our field survey, we found AWD contributed to increasing farmers’ net incomes primarily by decreasing production costs. The study proposes an investment plan with four outputs and 15 investment activities with a goal of practicing AWD on 900,000 hectares in the Mekong River Delta and mitigating 10.97 M.tCO2e. A co-benefit is additional net income for farmers of 8,540 billion VND (USD 371.36 million) per year compared to conventional rice cultivation. The budget is USD 721.78 million (81.32% for hard infrastructure, 18.19% for MRV operation, research, performance and planning), of which 36.9% is provided by the state, 29.92% from local provinces, 21.77% from international support and 11.42% from the private sector. Mobilization of financial resources from public and private sectors and the integration into government plans and programs are recommended

Student Satisfaction with Quality of Accounting and Auditing Education: The Case of Vietnam

This research is conducted to examine and evaluate determinants influencing the level of student satisfaction in the quality of auditing and accounting training at Vietnamese universities. Data were collected from 213 students of accounting and auditing field in three universities of National Economics University, University of Commerce and Academy of Finance. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and linear regression models were employed to determine the determinants influencing student satisfaction about quality of accounting and auditing. The findings show that the strongest impact on student satisfaction was the ability to serve; then training program; infrastructure component, and the last of teaching team. Based on the results, some recommendations are proposed for improving the satisfaction levels of students of accounting and auditing. Keywords: Quality of service; Quality of training; Satisfactio

The pedagogical training management of gifted high school teachers in the region of Red River Delta based on a competency approach

Pedagogical training for teachers is always an important issue of every education system. Teachers impart knowledge, give academic advice to students, and assist students in applying knowledge to develop society. This study investigated the gifted high school teacher pedagogical training management in the region of the Red River Delta according to the competency approach. Based on the available data, the research indicated three main things: (i) Professional pedagogical competence of gifted high school teachers; (ii) Pedagogical training activities for gifted high school teachers; (iii) Management of pedagogical training activities for gifted high school teachers. This study conducted a survey of 547 departmental and school managers in gifted high school teachers in nine provinces in Red River Delta, including Hanoi, Ha Nam, Thai Binh, Nam Dinh, Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Bac Ninh, Quang Ninh, and Vinh Phuc. These findings are only preliminary research, and they will be an important basis for proposing management solutions to improve the effectiveness of pedagogical training activities for gifted high school teachers

Constituents from stem barks of Anacolosa poilanei Gagnep. (Olacaceae)

Four compounds were isolated from the stem barks of Anacolosa poilanei Gagnep. Theirs structures were established by spectroscopic analysis including MS and NMR. Accordingly, the isolates were identified as trichadenic acid B (1), trichadonic acid (2), amentoflavone (3) and β-sitosterol (4)

Activity data on crop management define uncertainty of CH4_4 and N2_2O emission estimates from rice: A case study of Vietnam

Background: Globally, rice systems are a major source of atmospheric CH$_4$ and for major rice-producing countries, such as Vietnam, CH$_4$ as well as N$_2$O emissions from agricultural land used for rice production may represent about one-fourth of total national anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, national-scale estimates of GHG emissions from rice systems are uncertain with regard to its magnitude, spatial distribution, and seasonality. Aims: Here, we used the biogeochemical model LandscapeDNDC to calculate emissions of CH$_4$ and N$_2$O from rice systems in Vietnam (Tier 3 IPCC approach). Our objectives were to identify hotspot regions of emissions and to assess the contribution of N$_2$O to the total non-CO$_2$ (CH$_4$+N$_2$O) GHG balance of rice systems as well as the seasonal and interannual variability of fluxes in dependence of uncertain input data on field management . Methods: The biogeochemical model LandscapeDNDC model was linked to publicly available information on climate, soils, and land management (fertilization, irrigation, crop rotation) for calculating a national inventory in daily time steps of CH$_4$ and N$_2$O emissions from rice systems at a spatial resolution of 0.083° × 0.083°. Uncertainty in management practices related to fertilization, use of harvest residues or irrigation water, and its effects on simulated CH$_4$ and N$_2$O fluxes was accounted for by Latin Hypercube Sampling of probability distribution functions. Results: Our study shows that CH$_4$ and N$_2$O fluxes from rice systems in Vietnam are highly seasonal, with national CH$_4$ and N$_2$O emissions totaling to about 2600 Gg CH$_4$ y$^{–1}$ and 42 Gg N$_2$O y$^{–1}$, respectively. Highest emissions were simulated for double and triple rice cropping systems in the Mekong Delta region. Yield-scaled emissions varied largely in a range of 300–3000 kg CO$_2$-eq Mg$^{–1}$ y$^{–1}$, with CH$_4$ emissions during the rice season(s) dominating (>82%) the total annual non-CO$_2$ GHG balance of rice systems. In our study, uncertainty in field management information (nitrogen fertilization, ratio synthetic to organic fertilization, residue management, availability of irrigation water) were major drivers of uncertainty of the national CH$_4$ and N$_2$O emission inventory. Conclusions: Our study shows that Tier 3 approaches, that is, process-oriented model approaches combined with GIS databases, for estimating national-scale GHG emissions from rice systems are ready to be applied at national scale. Generally, this approach is powerful as it allows to identify regions with elevated emissions, thereby accounting not only for CH$_4$, but as well for N$_2$O emissions. However, our study also shows that specifically better information on land management is required to narrowing uncertainties