Simulation of Storm Surges in the South Central Coast of Vietnam Under Climate Change

The research was supported by National Research Project Program of Vietnam: science and technology in response to climate change, natural resources and environmental management in the 2016-2020 period (program number: BĐKH/16-20), Developing a sustainable socio-economic model adapting to extreme natural disasters under climate change in the South Central region of Viet Nam. A case study of Ninh Thuan province (grant number: BĐKH.04/16-20). Abstract This paper presents the results of storm surge simulation in the South Central region of Vietnam using the Mike 21-FM HD model. Wind pressure fields of typical storms were first identified in period of 1986-2005 using the parametric wind field model. Storm surge risk was then simulated based on the rare 10, 50 and 100-year frequency corresponding to 2030, 2050, and 2100 scenarios. Storm surge model was finally calibrated and validated using the level of water measured in the November 2009 Typhoon Mirinae and October 2013 Typhoon Nari. The results show that storm surges were consistent with water level variation and amplitude; the maximum and minimum storm surges were 2.34m in the Binh Thuan coastal area and 0.78m in the Khanh Hoa coastal area, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated the use of MIKE 21-FM HD model for the simulation of storm surges in the future plays an important role in damage risk reduction caused by storm surges. Keywords: storm surge simulation, climate change, Mike 21-FM HD model, South Central coast of Vietnam. DOI: 10.7176/JEES/9-6-08 Publication date:June 30th 201

Benchmarks of subcriticality in accelerator-driven system at Kyoto University Critical Assembly

Basic research on the accelerator-driven system is conducted by combining U-235-fueled and Th-232-loaded cores in the Kyoto University Critical Assembly with the pulsed neutron generator (14 MeV neutrons) and the proton beam accelerator (100 MeV protons with a heavy metal target). The results of experimental subcriticality are presented with a wide range of subcriticality level between near critical and 10,000 pcm, as obtained by the pulsed neutron source method, the Feynman-alpha method, and the neutron source multiplication method

Bioethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

An overview of the basic technology to produce bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is presented in this context. The conventional process includes two main steps. First, lignocellulose must be pretreated in order to remove lignin and enhance the penetration of hydrolysis agents without chemically destruction of cellulose and hemicellulose. Second, the pretreated material is converted to bioethanol by hydrolysis and fermentation. Some typical published studies and popular processing methods in attempts to improve the biomass conversion to bioethanol and increase the cost-effectiveness are also introduced briefly. Herein, the refinery of the resulted raw bioethanol mixture to obtain higher concentrated solution is not regarded

THÀNH LẬP SƠ ĐỒ PHÂN BỐ ĐỨT GÃY KHU VỰC BIỂN VEN BỜ NAM TRUNG BỘ TRÊN CƠ SỞ MINH GIẢI TÀI LIỆU ĐỊA CHẤT - ĐỊA VẬT LÝ

The scheme of the faults in South Central coastal region was established on the basis of interpreting the high resolution shallow seismic data and the deep-seismic data, in combination with the previous studies on geodynamics, tectonic evolution, geological hazards of the South Central coastal region. The fault systems were formed based on updated geophysical, geomorphological, tectonophysic and remote sensing data, including 19 faults in 3 directions: Sub-longitudinal (8 faults), NE-SW (7 faults) and NW-SE (4 faults).Sơ đồ phân bố đứt gãy khu vực biển ven bờ Nam Trung Bộ được thành lập trên cơ sở minh giải, phân tích tài liệu địa chấn nông phân giải cao, địa chấn dầu khí, kết hợp và kế thừa các kết quả nghiên cứu địa chất-địa động lực, tiến hóa kiến tạo. Hệ thống đứt gãy được nghiên cứu, chính xác hóa từ các tài liệu địa vật lý, địa chất-địa mạo, vật lý kiến tạo, viễn thám mới nhất. Trong khu vực có 19 hệ đứt gãy, phát triển theo 3 hướng chính là á kinh tuyến (8 hệ đứt gãy), đông bắc -tây nam (7 hệ đứt gãy) và tây bắc - đông nam (4 hệ đứt gãy)

Anti–inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the ethanol extract of Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum turcz in copper sulfate‐induced inflammation in zebrafish

Oxidative stress and inflammation are commonly present in many chronic diseases. These responses are closely related to pathophysiological processes. The inflammatory process can induce oxidative stress and vice versa through the activation of multiple pathways. Therefore, agents with antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory activities are very useful in the treatment of many pathologies. Clerodendrum cyrthophyllum Turcz, a plant belonging to the Verbenaceae family, is used in Vietnamese traditional medicine for treating migraine, hypertension, inflammation of the throat, and rheumatic arthritis. Despite its usefulness, studies on its biological properties are still scarce. In this study, ethanol extract (EE) of leaves of C. cyrtophyllum showed protective activity against CuSO4 toxicity. The protective activity was proven to relate to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. EE exhibited relatively high antioxidant activity (IC50 of 16.45 µg/mL) as measured by DPPH assay. In an in vivo anti-antioxidant test, three days post fertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae were treated with different concentrations of EE for 1 h and then exposed to 10 µM CuSO4 for 20 min to induce oxidative stress. Fluorescent probes were used to detect and quantify oxidative stress by measuring the fluorescent intensity (FI) in larvae. FI significantly decreased in the presence of EE at 5 and 20 µg/mL, demonstrating EE’s profound antioxidant effects, reducing or preventing oxidative stress from CuSO4. Moreover, the co-administration of EE also protected zebrafish larvae against oxidative damage from CuSO4 through down-regulation of hsp70 and gadd45bb expression and upregulation of sod. Due to copper accumulation in zebrafish tissues, the damage and oxidative stress were exacerbated overtime, resulting in the upregulation of genes related to inflammatory processes such as cox-2, pla2, c3a, mpo, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (il-1ß, il-8, tnf-α, and il-10, respectively). However, the association of CuSO4 with EE significantly decreased the expression of cox-2, pla2, c3a, mpo, il-8, and il-1ß. Taken together, the results suggest that EE has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and may be useful in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases

EVALUATION OF STERCULIA FOETIDA L. GUM AS NATURAL BASED CONTROLLED RELEASE EXCIPIENT

Therefore, the physicochemical properties of Sterculia foetida L. gum, including solubility, scanning electron micrographs, melting point, swelling index, pH, viscosity, loss on drying were determined. Furthermore, compressed tablets were successfully prepared for in vitro studies at many different particle sizes, concentrations of gum, rotational speeds and media in order to evaluate the effects of these parameters on the rate of drug release. Besides, SFG tablets were compared with the tablets prepared with Hydroxymethylcellulose E15. The findings indicated that Sterculia foetida L. gum exhibited an excellent potential in managed release dosage forms.

Efficacy of heat-killed and formalin-killed vaccines against Tilapia tilapinevirus in juvenile Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus )

Tilapia tilapinevirus (also known as tilapia lake virus, TiLV) is considered to be a new threat to the global tilapia industry. The objective of this study was to develop simple cell culture‐based heat‐killed (HKV) and formalin‐killed (FKV) vaccines for the prevention of disease caused by TiLV. The fish were immunized with 100 µl of either HKV or FKV by intraperitoneal injection with each vaccine containing 1.8 × 10(6) TCID(50‐)inactivated virus. A booster vaccination was carried out at 21‐day post‐vaccination (dpv) using the same protocol. The fish were then challenged with a lethal dose of TiLV at 28 dpv. The expression of five immune genes (IgM, IgD, IgT, CD4 and CD8) in the head kidney and spleen of experimental fish was assessed at 14 and 21 dpv and again after the booster vaccination at 28 dpv. TiLV‐specific IgM responses were measured by ELISA at the same time points. The results showed that both vaccines conferred significant protection, with relative percentage survival of 71.3% and 79.6% for HKV and FKV, respectively. Significant up‐regulation of IgM and IgT was observed in the head kidney of fish vaccinated with HKV at 21 dpv, while IgM, IgD and CD4 expression increased in the head kidney of fish receiving FKV at the same time point. After booster vaccination, IgT and CD8 transcripts were significantly increased in the spleen of fish vaccinated with the HKV, but not with FKV. Both vaccines induced a specific IgM response in both serum and mucus. In summary, this study showed that both HKV and FKV are promising injectable vaccines for the prevention of disease caused by TiLV in Nile tilapia

ARSENIC POLLUTION IN TUBE WELL WATER AT HANOI SUBURB VILLAGES

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart