Sustainable Supply Chain in the Textile and Garment Industry of Vietnam

The textile and garment industry has contributed significantly to the Vietnamese economy. However, as it faces increasing pressure from importers who place more stringent requirements on product quality, the industry needs to adopt sustainable practices to stay competitive in the global market. This article examines the current state of the textile and garment supply chain in Vietnam using the sustainable development goals framework proposed by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) regarding the economic, social, and environmental aspects. It also considers the five criteria for determining the sustainable supply chain throughout the production-to-distribution process in the textile and garment industry suggested by Shen (2014), which cover Eco-material Preparation, Sustainable Manufacturing, Green Distribution, Green Retailing, and Ethical Consumers. The article evaluates the achievements and challenges of the supply chain in Vietnam based on these criteria and, thereby, offers recommendations to various stakeholders, such as the government, ministries, sectors, associations, and enterprises, to foster a more sustainable textile and garment industry in Vietnam

Isolation, screening antimicrobial activity and identification of fungi from marine sediments of the area Thanh Lan, Co To, Vietnam

Marine environment is rich in natural product resources, including marine microorganisms, especially fungi which are not only seen as a potential source of highly applicable bioactive substances but also can provide for science new chemical structures. The objective of this study is to isolate and screen fungal strains with antibacterial activity from the marine environment. Twenty five strains of fungi were isolated from marine sediments of Thanh Lan, Co To island and assessed on antibiotic activity against 7 tested microbial strains, including three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Salmonella enterica ATCC13076), three Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212, Stapphylococus aureus ATCC25923, Bacillus cereus ATCC 13245), and the yeast Candida albicans ATCC10231. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the tested microorganisms was determined for the crude extracts obtained from the culture broths after ethyl acetate extraction and vacuum rotary evaporation. Three strains with the highest antimicrobial activity M26, M30 and M45 were capable of inhibiting 4 - 5 of the 7 tested microorganisms with MIC values from 64 to 256 μg/ml, depending on each tested strain. Morphological and phylogenetic investigations based on 18S rRNA gene sequences of the three selected strains showed that strains M26 and M30 belonged to the genus Penicillium, whereas strain M45 belonged to the genus Neurospora. The sequences of 18S rRNA gene of three strains M26, M30 and M45 were registered on GenBank database with accession numbers: MH673730, MH673731, MH673732, respectively. Research results showed that marine environment has a great potential in isolation of fungal strains for the search for antibacterial substances as well as other biologically active compounds

Constituents from stem barks of Anacolosa poilanei Gagnep. (Olacaceae)

Four compounds were isolated from the stem barks of Anacolosa poilanei Gagnep. Theirs structures were established by spectroscopic analysis including MS and NMR. Accordingly, the isolates were identified as trichadenic acid B (1), trichadonic acid (2), amentoflavone (3) and β-sitosterol (4)

The ecological approach to the city-planning in modern megalopolises

The paper discusses the main stages of development and the fundamental structure of modern green roofs, the advantages and limitations of creating green roofs, features of creating green roofs in Vietnam and other countries of the Asia-Pacific Region, features of the concept of “exploited roofing” in Russia. The authors assessed the degree of greening of roofs in the center (city) of a number of major megacities of the world in 2015-2018, the level of greening of roofs in St. Petersburg, qualitative research and classification of projects for creating green roofs for various purposes and scale. The following key parameters were established, which determined the differences in the implementation of various types of projects for creating green roofs for various purposes and scale (area): the main categories of users / visitors, the main features of various types of projects, their environmental and innovative characteristics, the range of budget values and deadlines for completed projects. The branded names of the implemented roof gardening projects in St. Petersburg are given

IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ACTINOMYCETES STRAINS ISOLATED FROM SAMPLES COLLECTED IN THE COASTAL AREA OF HUE, DA NANG AND QUANG NAM PROVINCES, VIETNAM

Microorganisms are of particular interest because of their ability to synthesize high-value secondary compounds and provide us with novel and diverse chemical structures. The most common source of antibiotics is Actinomycetes which provide around two-third of naturally occurring antibiotics, including many of medical importance. In this study, 81 strains of actinomycetes were isolated from 145 samples including: sediments, sponges, soft corals, echinoderms and starfish collected from three sea areas of Vietnam: Hue, Da Nang and Quang Nam. The strains were fermented in A+ medium and fermentation broths were extracted 5 times with ethyl acetate. The extracts were evaporated under reduced  pressure to yield crude extracts. Quantitative assay was used to determine MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) of extract against 7 reference strains. From the results of screening, Seven strains of actinomycetes that have the highest biological activity (Code: G244, G246, G261, G266, G278, G280 and G290) were chosen to be identified by morphological and phylogenetic based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The results showed that 6 strains G246, G261, G266, G278, G280 and G290 belonged to the genus Streptomyces; and the strain G244 belonged to the genus Micromonospora. In particular, strains G244, G278, G280 were resistant 5/7 strains of microorganisms test, with values  MICs from 2 µg/mL to 256 µg/mL; and three strains G261, G266, G290 showed the inhibitory effect towards 4/7 strains of microorganisms test, with respective values MICs from 2 µg/mL to 256 µg/mL. Moreover, six of the seven selected strains were highly resistant to yeast Candida albicans ATCC10231 with MIC values from 2 µg/mL to 256 µg/mL. These results indicated that marine Actinomycetes in Vietnam are also a potential source to find bioactive substances

Synthesis and biological evaluation of shikimic acid derivatives

From shikimic acid, new series of oseltamivir analogues containing either ether sulfur or ether oxygen at C-3 position were prepared and evaluated for their biological activities. This is the first report on synthesis of oseltamivir analogues with ether sulfur at C-3. Except for compounds 4d, 4f, 7c and 7d, the remaining compounds were found to be active against MCF-7, LU-1 and KB cell lines. As oseltamivir had no cytotoxicity against different cell lines such as MCF-7, LU-1, KB, MDCK, MRC-5, VERO, MK and 293, the modification of alkyl groups at C-3 of the oseltamivir ring framework could significantly increase the cytotoxicity for this class of compounds. Loss of neuraminidase inhibition activity of these synthetic oseltamivir analogues suggested that the alkyl ether groups at C-3 should be critical for their anti-neuraminidase activity

Secondary metabolites produced by marine bacterirum micromonospora sp. G019

Nine compounds were isolated and characterized from the culture broth of the marine bacteria Micromonospora sp.G019 strain, which was isolated from sediment collecting at Ha Long Bay. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis including MS and 2D NMR, as well as by comparison with reported data in the literature

SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM MICROMONOSPORA SP. (G044)

In the course of our screening program, the EtOAc extract of a Micromonospora sp. (strain G044) from sponge Tethya aurantium of the sea of Côtô - Thanh Lân exhibited antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus and Candida albicans. In this paper, we reported the isolation and structural elucidation of six secondary metabolites Cyclo-(Pro-Trp) (1), Cyclo-(Pro-Met) (2), Cyclo-(Pro-Val) (4), N-acetyltryptamine (3), uridine (5), and 2-phenylacetic acid (6) from the cultures broth of Micromonospora sp. (strain G044). The structures of 1 – 6 were determined by analyses of MS and 2D NMR data. All compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against a panel of clinically significant microorganisms. Compound 1 inhibited Escherichia coli with a MIC value of 128 µg/ml

Chemical constituents from fruits of Hydnocarpus hainanensis Merr. (Flacourtiaceae) in Vietnam

Five compounds were isolated from the fruits of Hydnocarpus hainanensis Merr. Sleum. (Flacourtiaceae). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis including MS and NMR. The isolates were identified as taraktophyllin (1), hydnocarpic acid (2), 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol (3), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (4) and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (5)

Secondary metabolites from marine bacterium Streptomyces sp. G039

Nine secondary metabolites, cylo-(Leu-Pro) (1), cyclo-(Pro-Tyr) (2), indole-3-carboxylic acid (3), 3-hydroxyacetylindole (4), phenethyl 2-phenyl acetate (5), n-butyl–isobutyl phthalate (6),  4-(2-hydroxyethyl) phenol (7), 2-phenylacetic acid (8), and uracil (9) were isolated and identified from marine Streptomyces sp. G039. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis including MS and 2D NMR, as well as by comparison with reported data in the literature