Inovasi Teknologi Biohidrogen Dari Limbah Biomasa Ke Energi Listrik Dengan Teknologi Fuel-cell

Enterobacter aerogenes ADH-43, Bacillus pumillus Asp-8 and co-culture of bothmicroorganism was inoculated and fermented by using molasses as by product ofsugar factory, sugar starch, and glycerol as by product of biodiesel into hydrogen gas(H2). Both producing double mutant bacteria as a facultative anaerobe and who wasobtained by classical mutagenetically treated in order to enhance H2 producing. Wehave obtained that E. aerogenes ADH-43 has highest ability for molasses fermentation,and the volume H2 reached 4,0 l H2/l molasses.The fermentation was carried out in 50ml vial bootle, 37 oC, pH 5.8 and 20 hrs. Optimization of molasses concentration wasperformed in order to study the inhibition, and finally, 2 % of molasses was found. Toenhance the yield and H2 flow rate, the fed-batch system was applied into 6 l StirredTank Fermentor (STR). Innitial volume 2 l of medium was fermented, 1 l fresh mediumwas added into reactor at 6 and 9 hrs of fermentation time. Finally the achieved volumeH2 was 6,5 l H2/l molasses, the remained molases was 0,2 %, and the fermentationtime could be prolonged 4 hrs compare to bacth fermentation. We have also found therelationship between the H2 evolution rate and the voltage of electrical formed whenwe connected into 7 stack of fuel-cell

Stress Tolerance of Yeasts Dominating Reverse Osmosis Membranes for Whey Water Treatment

Filamentous yeast species belonging to the closely related Saprochaete clavata and Magnusiomyces spicifer were recently found to dominate biofilm communities on the retentate and permeate surface of Reverse Osmosis (RO) membranes used in a whey water treatment system after CIP (Cleaning-In-Place). Microscopy revealed that the two filamentous yeast species can cover extensive areas due to their large cell size and long hyphae formation. Representative strains from these species were here further characterized and displayed similar physiological and biochemical characteristics. Both strains tested were able to grow in twice RO-filtrated permeate water and metabolize the urea present. Little is known about the survival characteristics of these strains. Here, their tolerance toward heat (60, 70, and 80°C) and Ultraviolet light (UV-C) treatment at 255 nm using UV-LED was assessed as well as their ability to form biofilm and withstand cleaning associated stress. According to the heat tolerance experiments, the D60°C of S. clavata and M. spicifer is 16.37 min and 7.24 min, respectively, while a reduction of 3.5 to >4.5 log (CFU/mL) was ensured within 5 min at 70°C. UV-C light at a dose level 10 mJ/cm2 had little effect, while doses of 40 mJ/cm2 and upward ensured a ≥4log reduction in a static laboratory scale set-up. The biofilm forming potential of one filamentous yeast and one budding yeast, Sporopachydermia lactativora, both isolated from the same biofilm, was compared in assays employing flat-bottomed polystyrene microwells and peg lids, respectively. In these systems, employing both nutrient rich as well as nutrient poor media, only the filamentous yeast was able to create biofilm. However, on RO membrane coupons in static systems, both the budding yeast and a filamentous yeast were capable of forming single strain biofilms and when these coupons were exposed to different simulations of CIP treatments both the filamentous and budding yeast survived these. The dominance of these yeasts in some filter systems tested, their capacity to adhere and their tolerance toward relevant stresses as demonstrated here, suggest that these slow growing yeasts are well suited to initiate microbial biofouling on surfaces in low nutrient environments

Reverse Transcriptase PCR detection of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) in cultured and wild shellfish from the Peninsular of Malaysia

Hepatitis A is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Outbreaks of hepatitis A have been linked to the consumption of both raw and cooked shellfish. These outbreaks could induce a public confidence problem over shellfish safety and may result in important economic losses for the seafood industry. The work presented in this study investigated the presence of HAV in shellfish from Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 365 of cultured and wild shellfish from 36 sampling locations located throughout Peninsular Malaysia were examined using a commercial nucleic acid extraction and reverse transcription -polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kit. HAV was not detected in almost all of the shellfish samples examined. Only one cockle sample from Changkat, Seberang Perai was positive for HAV. The results suggest the absence of HAV or very low amount of HAV viral particles in most of the shellfish examined