Anatomy of Injury Severity and Fatality in Indonesian Traffic Accidents

There has been a steady increase in traffic accidents with major injuries in Indonesia over the last 10 years, especially those with a score higher than 3 on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). Frontal, side, and rear collisions, as well as pedestrian impact are modes of accident that contribute to the majority of injuries or fatalities. Based on age classification, the 16-30 age group are the most vulnerable road users in Indonesia. Traffic accidents in Indonesia are dominated by motorcycles, which also contribute the highest portion of fatalities and major injuries (AIS score > 3). Most traffic accidents can be attributed to human, road and environmental, or vehicle factors. Careless driving and unruly behavior of the driver are the main causes of accidents in Indonesia. Statistical data and analyses on traffic accidents in Indonesia can be used to develop a comprehensive strategy and policy to reduce the number of fatalities and severe injuries of road accidents in Indonesia. There is a need to balance the high growth of motor vehicles with adequate infrastructure. Good driver education as well as vehicle safety and crashworthiness regulations are required in order to reduce traffic accident fatalities

Head Injury Analysis of Vehicle Occupant in Frontal Crash Simulation: Case Study of ITB's Formula SAE Race Car

In the present study, frontal crash simulations were conducted to determine the effect of various car speeds against the Head Injury Criterion (HIC), a measure of the likelihood of head injury arising from impact. The frontal impact safety of ITB's formula SAE race car designed by students was evaluated as a case study. LS-DYNA®, an explicit finite element code for non-linear dynamic analysis was utilized in the analysis. To analyze head injury, a two-step simulation was conducted. In the first step, a full-frontal barrier test was simulated without incorporating a dummy inside the car. The output was the deceleration data of the car, which was used as input in the second step, a sled test simulation. In the sled test, only the cockpit and dummy were modeled. The effect of deceleration to the head of the dummy was then evaluated. The results show that HIC values at an impact speed of 7 m/s (25 km/h) to 11 m/s (40 km/h) were below the safe limit and still in the safe zone. However, the HIC values will exceed the safe limit when the speed of impact is the same as or greater than 12 m/s (43 km/h)