Mediating Role of Distress Tolerance in Relationship of Emotional Maturity and Spiritual Intelligence with Adjustment to University

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Adjustment to university is an important factor in different dimensions of students’ life such as mental- physical health and social adjustment in the fields outside the university. The aim of this study was to determine mediating role of distress tolerance in the relationship of spiritual intelligence and emotional maturity with adjustment to university.Method: In this correlation study, based on Krejsi and Murgan table, 273 students of Shahid Chamran University in Ahvaz city were selected via multistage cluster sampling method during the fall semester of the academic year of 2016-2017. The participants completed the items of Emotional Maturity Scale, Distress Tolerence Scale, Spiritual Intelligence Inventory and Adjustment to College Scale. The data were then analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, structural equation modeling. All ethical issues were observed in this study and the researchers declared no conflict of interests.Results: The findings showed that emotional maturity, spiritual intelligence, and distress tolerance had positive significant correlation with adjustment to college. There was also a positive significant correlation between emotional maturity as well as spiritual intelligence and distress tolerance. The proposed model for relationship between these variables has acceptable fit with a correction and removal of direct path of spiritual intelligence with adjustment to college. Direct path of emotional maturity to adjustment to college was significant. The analysis based on Bootstrapping indicated that all indirect paths were significant.Conclusion: It is proposed that to raise adjustment to university, educational programs for emotional maturity and spiritual intelligence with an emphasis on enhancing distress tolerance should be developed.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Please cite this article as: Sharifi Rigi A, Mehrabizade Honarmand M, Beshlideh K, Sarparast A, Khanali Nejad S, Amini Z. Mediating Role of Distress Tolerance in Relationship of Emotional Maturity and Spiritual Intelligence with Adjustment to University. J Res Relig Health. 2019; 5(1): 87- 100. doi: https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v5i1.1940

Restless legs syndrome in lung chemical warfare patients

BACKGROUND: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) has been associated with a variety of diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which can worsen the symptoms of underlying disease and correlates with co-morbidities. We aimed to investigate RLS in patients with chemical warfare-induced lung diseases. METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited patients with sulfur mustard (SM) lung injury, their healthy family members, and patients with COPD from August 2018 to August 2019. COPD was confirmed by medical history, physical examination, and spirometry according to GOLD COPD guidelines. RLS diagnosis was recognized by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) and severity was assessed using the International Restless Legs Scale (IRLS) rating scale. Other research measures were COPD Assessment Test (CAT), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale for dyspnoea severity, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) for daytime somnolence. Laboratory values included hemoglobin, ferritin, creatinine, and fibrinogen. RESULTS: This study was conducted on 143 men in three groups: 40 (30.0%) SM-exposed veterans, 73 (55.3%) patients with COPD, and 30 (20.9%) healthy cases. Due to the high prevalence of COPD and better comparison with the control group, more patients with COPD were selected. 20 cases (50%) of the veterans group had RLS, while 25 (32.9%) cases of COPD were affected by this disorder. One normal case (3.33%) suffered from RLS. The chemical veterans who suffered from cough, sputum production, chest pain, and hemoptysis had a higher incidence in proportion to patients with COPD (P < 0.001). The CAT score was significantly higher in SM-exposed veterans with RLS (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: RLS is more common in SM lung injuries with higher CAT scores; therefore, evaluation and treatment of RLS are recommended in mustard lung victims

Global systematic review of primary immunodeficiency registries

Introduction During the last 4 decades, registration of patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) has played an essential role in different aspects of these diseases worldwide including epidemiological indexes, policymaking, quality controls of care/life, facilitation of genetic studies and clinical trials as well as improving our understanding about the natural history of the disease and the immune system function. However, due to the limitation of sustainable resources supporting these registries, inconsistency in diagnostic criteria and lack of molecular diagnosis as well as difficulties in the documentation and designing any universal platform, the global perspective of these diseases remains unclear. Areas covered Published and unpublished studies from January 1981 to June 2020 were systematically reviewed on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Additionally, the reference list of all studies was hand-searched for additional studies. This effort identified a total of 104614 registered patients and suggests identification of at least 10590 additional PID patients, mainly from countries located in Asia and Africa. Molecular defects in genes known to cause PID were identified and reported in 13852 (13.2% of all registered) patients. Expert opinion Although these data suggest some progress in the identification and documentation of PID patients worldwide, achieving the basic requirement for the global PID burden estimation and registration of undiagnosed patients will require more reinforcement of the progress, involving both improved diagnostic facilities and neonatal screening.Peer reviewe

The process of cultural change in Chalcolithic period in highland Western Iran at Tepe Gheshlagh

Tepe Gheshlagh is located in the center of Talvar Valley in Bijar County, Kurdistan province of Iran, on the east bank of Talvar River. It is rested on a Natural terrace, less than 30 meters above the current bed of the river. The mound is about one hectare in area, oval in shape, and rises more than 14 meters above the surrounding fields. Three seasons of salvage excavation carried out in the site which has revealed significant information on Early, Middle and Late Chalcolithic period (5500-3850 BC) in this region. Unfortunately no accurate Archeological research has been undertaken to gain a better understanding of Chalcolithic period, especially the Early this issue highlights current excavation. In fact, Exploration of cultural traces and, in particular, the important settlement of Tepe Gheshlagh as well as recognition of the subsistence economy of its residents can increase our knowledge of cultural traditions in this region

Persian Back Channel Responses in Formal versus Informal Contexts

Utterances like /xob/ (okay), /doroste/ (right), /hmm/, /ee/, /?re/ (yeah), occur frequently in Persian conversations, but have thus far escaped from the systematic studies. Good listeners generally produce these short utterances, called "back channel responses", in appropriate times to show their participation in the conversation, but the rules governing back channeling vary from one context to another. The usage of back channel responses is different in various contexts, due to politeness or formality. This paper studies the types and functions of the back channel responses in both formal and informal settings and provides a comparison of the usage of these responses in these two kinds of contexts. The results show /bale/ (yes) and /doroste/ (right) are used with formal or polite verbal form, while /xob/ (okay) is used with the informal style of speech and less polite verbal form. With respect to the function of back channels, signaling the understanding is the main function of back channels in informal contexts. Also, back channels signaling agreement are more frequent in formal contexts, where emotional function is less likely

Proces kulturne spremembe v času bakrene dobe na območju zahodnega Iranskega višavja na najdišču Tepe Gheshlagh

Tepe Gheshlagh is located in the center of Talvar Valley in Bijar County, Kurdistan province of Iran, on the east bank of Talvar River. It is rested on a Natural terrace, less than 30 meters above the current bed of the river. The mound is about one hectare in area, oval in shape, and rises more than 14 meters above the surrounding fields. Three seasons of salvage excavation carried out in the site which has revealed significant information on Early, Middle and Late Chalcolithic period (5500-3850 BC) in this region. Unfortunately no accurate Archeological research has been undertaken to gain a better understanding of Chalcolithic period, especially the Early this issue highlights current excavation. In fact, Exploration of cultural traces and, in particular, the important settlement of Tepe Gheshlagh as well as recognition of the subsistence economy of its residents can increase our knowledge of cultural traditions in this region.&nbsp;Tepe Gheshlagh se nahaja na osrednjem delu doline reke Talvar (okraj Bijar, Kurdistan) v Iranu, in sicer je najdišče locirano na vzhodnem bregu reke. Pozicija najdišča je na naravni terasi, ki se dviga manj kot 30 metrov nad današnjim koritom reke. Ovalna gomila zajema območje enega hektarja in se dviga 14 metrov nad okoliška polja. V treh sezonah zaščitnih izkopavanj smo pridobili pomembne informacije o zgodnji, srednji in pozni bakreni dobi (5000–3850 pr. n. št.) na tem območju. Z novejšimi izkopavanji smo osvetlili tudi čas zgodnje bakrene dobe, ki do sedaj na tem območju ni bila primerno arheološko raziskana. S pomočjo analize kulturnih ostalin in naselbine Tepe Gheshlagh ter analize subsistence takratnih prebivalcev smo povečali naše vedenje o kulturni tradiciji v regiji

compare the effect of 8 weeks combined training and conjugated linoleic acids supplementation on serum levels of resistin , Fasting Glucose,insulin resistance and Cardiovascular risk factors obese women

Introduction:The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of 8 weeks combined training and conjugated linoleic acids supplementationon  on serum levels of resistin , Fasting Glucose,insulin resistance and Cardiovascular risk factors obese women. Materials and Methods:40 obese women  were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups of combined e training, CLA supplementation, combined training and CLA supplementation and control .combined training program 3 days a week with an intensity of 55-75% of a 1RM, and 55 to 75 maximum heart rate. The supplement and exercise group received daily 4 g CLA supplements and control group received 4 g of placebo daily. After 8 weeks and 48 hours after the last training session, all variables were re-measured. In order to statistical analysis, t-test was used and covariance analysis was used to check the difference between groups. the significance level of the tests was considered to be P≤0.05. All computing was performed by using SPSS software version 22. Results: After eight weeks of combined training and conjugated linoleic acid supplemented were decreased the serum levels of resistin, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance and body compositin. (P≤0.05). Fasting glucose, insulin and insulin resistance, and body composition indices were significant between groups(P≤0.05). Conclusion: 8 weeks combination training  and CLA supplementation  with  decrease serum level of  resistin, Fasting Glucose ,insulin resistance and Body composition and control weight decreased The risk of type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in obese women