Assessment of heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Cu) concentrations in groundwater resources of Shahrab and its surrounding villages in Ardestan city during May and June 2015

Background and Aims: The increasing demand for groundwater in Iran, which is facing water shortages and lack of rainfall, is intensively ongoing. Consumption of water contaminated with heavy metals may result in adverse health effects in people. The present study aimed to determine the amount of arsenic,cadmium and lead in groundwater resources of Shahrab and its surrounding areas having a lot of drinking and agricultural water uses.Materials and Methods: A total of fourteen wells supplying rural drinking water in Shahrab area were sampled. Sampling was performed by standard methods. EC, pH and Eh were measured using a portable pH meter. Heavy metals concentration were also determined by ICP-MS. All stages of this research were conducted ethically.Results: Cadmium concentrations were less than 3 μg/L in studied samples. However, lead concentrations were more than 10 μg/L, exceeding national drinking water standards in Iran. Furthermore, arsenic concentrations exceeded national standards (10 μg/L) in three sample.Conclusion: A significant positive correlation was not observed between studied metals (arsenic and lead) and principal physicochemical parameters of water based on comparison between correlation coefficients. The concentration of heavy metals in groundwater resources is dependent on several factors, including thetype and amount of agricultural pesticides, the region’s climatic conditions, the level of groundwater, and geology of region. Further studies are needed to determine the exact source(s) of contamination.Keywords: Drinking water, Heavy metals, Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, ShahrabFor downloading the full text please click her

Analysis of essential oil from leaves and Bulb of Allium atroviolaceum

Background and objective: Medicinal plants used in traditional medicine as prevention and treatment of disease and illness or use in foods, has a long history. Plants belonging to genera Allium have widely been acquired as food and medicine. In many countries, including Iran, a variety of species of the genus Allium such as garlic, onions, leeks, shallots, etc use for food and medicinal uses. Method: The leaves and bulbs of Allium atroviolaceum, collected from Borujerd (Lorestan Province, Iran) in May 2015 and their essential oils of were obtained by hydro-distillation. The oils were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and their chemical composition was identified. Results: The major constituents of A. atroviolaceum leaves oil were dimethyl trisulfide (59.0%), ethyl linolenate (12.4%), phytol (11.4%) and in bulb oil were methyl methyl thiomethyl disulfide (61.3%), dimethyl trisulfide (15.1%) and methyl allyl disulfide (4.3%). The major constituents of both essential oils are sulfur compounds. Conclusion: The results of the present study can help to increase of our information about composition of an edible herb in Iran. The major components of the oils can use as marker for standardization of the herbs

Application of the graphene oxide/chitosan nanocomposite in the removal of methyl orange from aqueous solutions: a mechanism study

Graphene oxide (GO) and the functionalized graphene oxide with chitosan (GO-C) has been used for the removal of methyl orange from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments such as solution pH, amount of adsorbents, contact time, concentration of the methyl orange and temperature were carried out to study sorption process.  Kinetic studies were well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model for both adsorbents. Isotherm studies showed that the Langmuir isotherm for GO and GO-C were found to best represent the measured sorption data.  Negative ∆G◦ values indicated the nature of spontaneous adsorption process. Physical sorption was suggested for the adsorption process. In addition, methyl orange molecules can be desorbed from GO-C up to 79.2% at pH =11 and that the consumed GO-C could be reutilized up to 5th cycle of regeneration

Application of the graphene oxide/chitosan nanocomposite in the removal of methyl orange from aqueous solutions: a mechanism study

209-219Graphene oxide (GO) and the functionalized graphene oxide with chitosan (GO-C) has been used for the removal of methyl orange from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments such as solution pH, amount of adsorbents, contact time, concentration of the methyl orange and temperature are carried out to study the sorption process. Kinetic studies are well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model for both adsorbents. Isotherm studies have shown that Langmuir isotherm for GO and GO-C are the best to represent the measured sorption data. Negative ∆G◦ values indicate the nature of spontaneous adsorption process. Physical sorption is suggested for the adsorption process. In addition, methyl orange molecules can be desorbed from GO-C up to 79.2% at pH =11 and that the consumed GO-C can be reutilized up to 5th cycle of regeneration

بررسی غلظت فلزات سنگین آرسنیک، کادمیوم و سرب در منابع آب زیرزمینی منطقه شهراب و روستاهای اطراف در شهرستان اردستان در خرداد 1394

Background and Aims: The increasing demand for groundwater in Iran, which is facing water shortages and lack of rainfall, is intensively ongoing. Consumption of water contaminated with heavy metals may result in adverse health effects in people. The present study aimed to determine the amount of arsenic,cadmium and lead in groundwater resources of Shahrab and its surrounding areas having a lot of drinking and agricultural water uses.Materials and Methods: A total of fourteen wells supplying rural drinking water in Shahrab area were sampled. Sampling was performed by standard methods. EC, pH and Eh were measured using a portable pH meter. Heavy metals concentration were also determined by ICP-MS. All stages of this research were conducted ethically.Results: Cadmium concentrations were less than 3 μg/L in studied samples. However, lead concentrations were more than 10 μg/L, exceeding national drinking water standards in Iran. Furthermore, arsenic concentrations exceeded national standards (10 μg/L) in three sample.Conclusion: A significant positive correlation was not observed between studied metals (arsenic and lead) and principal physicochemical parameters of water based on comparison between correlation coefficients. The concentration of heavy metals in groundwater resources is dependent on several factors, including thetype and amount of agricultural pesticides, the region’s climatic conditions, the level of groundwater, and geology of region. Further studies are needed to determine the exact source(s) of contamination.زمینه و اهداف: تقاضاي روز افزون آب زيرزميني در ایران که با مشکل کم آبی و کمبود نزولات جوی مواجه است، با شدت در حال انجام است. مصرف آب آلوده به فلزات سنگین می­تواند عوارض بهداشتی را در افراد ایجاد نماید. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین میزان آرسنیک، کادمیوم و سرب در منابع آب زیرزمینی منطقه شهراب و اطراف آن که مصارف آشامیدنی و کشاورزی زیادی دارند، انجام شده است. مواد و روش­ها: از 14 چاه که  منبع تأمین آب شرب روستایی منطقه شهراب بودند، نمونه­برداری انجام شد. نمونه­ برداری با روش استاندارد انجام گرفت و پارامترهای میدانی pH, EC و Eh با  دستگاه‌های پورتابل اندازه ­گیری شد. میزان فلزات سنگین با دستگاه    ICP-MS تعیین شدند. تمام مراحل این تحقیق با رعایت موازین اخلاقی و پژوهشی انجام شد. یافته­ ها: در کلیه نمونه­ ها میزان کادمیوم کمتر از 3 میکروگرم بر لیتر و میزان سرب بیشتر از 10 میکروگرم بر لیتر اندازه گیری شد که بیشتر از حد مجاز استاندارد آب آشامیدنی ایران است. در 3 نمونه میزان آرسنیک بیش از میزان توصیه شده استاندارد کشور یعنی 10 میکروگرم بر لیتر است. نتیجه­ گیری: ضریب همبستگی بین فلزات آرسنیک و سرب و پارامترهای اصلی فیزیکوشیمیایی آب نشان داد که بین آنها و فلزات مورد بررسی همبستگی مثبت معنی­ داری مشاهده نگردید. غلظت فلزات سنگین در منابع آب زیرزمینی به عوامل متعددی وابسته است که از جمله می­توان به نوع و میزان سموم مصرفی کشاورزی، شرایط اقلیمی منطقه، سطح سفره­ های زیرزمینی و زمین­شناسی منطقه اشاره نمود. جهت تعیین دقیق منبع آلودگی احتیاج به مطالعات بیشتری می­باشد

Preconcentration and Determination of Cyproheptadine by using Liquid Phase Microextraction and Solvent Bar in Biological Fluids in Trace Level

Solvent bar microextraction combined with HPLC-UV was used for the detection and determination of Cyproheptadine in biological samples.Cyproheptadine is used to treat allergic reactions. Extraction parameters including organic solvent, pH of sample solution and acceptor phase, extraction time, stirring rate, salt addition and sample solution temperature were optimized. The target analyte were extracted from a 10 mL aqueous sample solution at pH 10.5 through a membrane organic solvent immobilized in polypropylene hollow fiber pores to 10 µL acceptor phase at pH 3.0 in the lumen of hollow fiber. After a 50 min extraction, the acceptor phase was directly injected into an HPLC system for analysis. Under the optimized conditions, cyproheptadine could be determined within the linearity range with a good correlation coefficient (r 2 > 0.9885). The limit of detection for cyproheptadine was 15µg L -1 , and the intra-and inter-day relative standard deviations were no more than 3.15% and 3.57%, respectively. This procedure afforded a simple, sensitive and inexpensive method with high extraction efficiency for the detection and determination of cyproheptadine. Finally, proposed method was applied to determination and quantification of cyproheptadine in human plasma and urine samples

Hollow-fiber micro-extraction combined with HPLC for the determination of sitagliptin in urine samples

This study successfully developed a three-phase hollow-fiber liquid phase micro extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of trace levels of an anti-diabetic drug, sitagliptin (STG), in urine samples. Sitagliptin was extracted from 15 mL of the basic sample solution with a pH of 8.5 into an organic extracting solvent (n-octanol) impregnated in the pores of a hollow fiber and then back extracted into an acidified aqueous solution in the lumen of the hollow fiber with a pH of 3. After extraction, 20 µL of the acceptor phase was injected into HPLC. In order to obtain high extraction efficiency, the parameters affecting the HF-LPME including pH of the source and receiving phases, type of organic phase, ionic strength, stirring rate, extraction time, the volume ratio of donor phase to acceptor phase and temperature were studied and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, enrichment factors up to 88 were achieved and the relative standard deviation of the method was in the range of 3 % to 6%. The results indicated that HF-LPME method has an excellent clean-up capacity and a high preconcentration factor and can serve as a simple and sensitive method for monitoring the drug in the urine samples

Heavy Metals (Lead and Cadmium) in some Medicinal Herbal Products in Iranian Market

Background: The use of herbal or medicinal plants in various forms has been popular for thousands of years. It is estimated that about 70–80% of the world’s population relies on alternative medicine, mainly of herbal origin. However, due to the nature and sources of these plants, they are sometimes contaminated with toxic heavy metals, which pose serious health risks to consumers. Herbal formulations, especially those used in the treatment of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and weight loss may require long-term usage and the patient might be at risk of heavy metal poisoning. In this study, the levels of toxic heavy metals (Pb, Cd) were evaluated in 11 Iranian common herbal drugs for their health implications. Methods: In this investigation, concentrations of lead and cadmium were quantitatively determined in Iranian herbal drugs sampled from pharmacies in Tehran, Iran, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (wet digestion). Results: The results indicated that lead and cadmium were present in all investigated herbal drugs. The concentrations of metals in drugs ranged from 0.19 to 1.75 µg/g for Cd and 9.61 to 52.74 µg/g for Pb. Conclusion: The concentrations of lead and cadmium were higher than the maximum permissible daily levels in the majority of these herbal drugs, whereas the quantities of Pb and Cd were well below provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). Daily total intake of these metals is considered in accord with the recommended daily intake of their corresponding formulations

Microsoft Word - 057-028-MS-IJPAES-IRAN-3-14-22 _1_.doc

ABSTRACT: Iran is one of the centers of Amygdalus genus origins. Amygdalus lycioides locally called "Badamak" is one of the endemic ones found in some parts of Iran especially in south regions. It is traditionally used as antidiabet , antiinflammation, antibacterial and laxative agent. A. wendelboi is the other endemic species distributed just in south of Iran, in Mountains of Gnow protected area. The fruits locally called "Archen", has a wide application in folk medicine to treat cold, cough, headache and skin burns. It is locally used as an edible kernel by people. Literature survey revealed that no investigation has been done on this species by now. Results showed the proximate composition of 8.23% and 9.66% moisture; 11.06% and 13.29% ash; 38.26% and 34.23% lipid; 11.00% and 9.46% crude fiber; 4.01% and 3.93%crude protein; 27.44% and 29.43% carbohydrate for A. lycioides and A. wendelboi kernels respectively. Large amount of minerals were found in both of kernels