Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Berdasarkan Masalah untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 8 Duri Barat Kecamatan Mandau Kabupaten Bengkalis

This research was carried out because of low learning value of fifth grader students in Science subject of SD Negeri 8 Duri Barat District of Mandau Kabupaten Bengkalis . Among 20 Students, 7 students (35%) reached the standard of completeness while the students could not reach the standard is 13 students ( 35%) with average 58,5. The purpose of this study is to increase the fifth grader students' value in Science subject of SD Negeri 8 Duri Barat Kabupaten Bengkalis with the application of Problem Based Learning. The results obtained by the average value of the basic score of 58.5 in the first cycle increased by 10.5% to 69. In the second cycle the average value of students also increased as much as 23.25% to 92.25. On the basis of completeness score of Science, student learning outcomes is only 35% (not complete). After the teacher was applying the Problem Based Learning in the first cycle the classical completeness increase becoming 50 % ( not complete), In the second cycle the classical completeness also increased becoming 95%. Teacher's activity at the first meeting is 60% in enough category level. The second meeting increased becoming 75% in good category level. In the second cycle increased up to 85% in very good category level. In the second meeting of second cycle, the student's activity increased becoming 100% in the very good category level. The students' activity in the cycle I of first meeting got 55% percentage in enough category level. The second meeting of the first cycle to 65% in good category. At the first meeting of the second cycle of student activity increased to 75% in good category, and the second meeting of the second cycle increased again to 100% with a very good category

Spatial assessment on ambient air quality status: a case study in Klang, Selangor

Klang as the center of economic and industrial zone in Malaysia has been exposed to poor air quality condition over the years. This study was conducted to evaluate the spatial variation pattern of air quality status in Klang, Selangor by using a four years (2010-2013) secondary database from the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE). The finding shows that carbon monoxide (CO) had a strong correlation with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), while Air Pollutant Index (API) had moderate correlation with particulate matter (PM10) (r = 0.64, p < 0.001). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicates that the most significant air pollutants were NO2, CO and PM10. Statistical Process Control (SPC) reveals that several PM10 data beyond the limitations of SPC and the national guidelines. This study shows that active collaboration among all relevant environmental departments and agencies should be implemented for the effective management of air quality.Keywords: air quality; correlation; principal component analysis; statistical process control

Regulation of PERK expression by FOXO3: a vulnerability of drug-resistant cancer cells

The major impediment to effective cancer therapy has been the development of drug resistance. The tumour suppressive transcription factor FOXO3 promotes cell cycle arrest, senescence and cell death, and mediates the cytotoxic and cytostatic functions of cancer therapeutics. In consequence, FOXO3 is often downregulated as an adaptive response in cancer and particularly in chemotherapeutic drug-resistant cells. Consistently, we find that FOXO3 expression is attenuated in the drug-resistant MCF-7-EpiR and MCF-7-TaxR compared to the parental MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Using ChIP, short-interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown, and overexpression assays as well as Foxo1/3/4−/− MEFs, we establish the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress defence modulator PERK (eIF2AK3) as a direct downstream transcriptional target of FOXO3. In agreement, there is also a positive correlation between FOXO3 and PERK expression at the protein and RNA levels in breast cancer patient samples. We uncover that PERK expression is downregulated but its activity constitutively elevated in the drug-resistant cells. With this in mind, we exploit this adaptive response of low FOXO3 and PERK expression, and high PERK activity in drug-resistant breast cancer cells and show that these drug-resistant cells are specifically sensitive to PERK inhibition. In support of this finding, we show that ectopic overexpression of FOXO3 can reduce the sensitivity of the resistant cells to the PERK inhibitor GSK2606414, while the Foxo1/3/4−/− MEFs expressing lower levels of PERK are more sensitive to PERK inhibition compared to wild-type MEFs. PERK inhibitor-titration and -time course experiments showed that the drug-resistant cells, which express lower expression and higher activity levels of PERK, are more sensitive to the increasing concentrations of PERK inhibitor compared to parental MCF-7 cells. Our present work thus reveals a chemotherapeutic drug-resistant cancer cell vulnerability in PERK and suggests PERK as a potential target for cancer therapy, specifically in the context of drug-resistant cancers

Characterization of FOXO acetylation

FOXO3 is a tumor suppressor that orchestrates the expression of genes that regulate cell cycle progression, apoptosis, metabolism, oxidative stress, and other important cellular processes. Its inactivation is closely associated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression. On the other hand, sirtuin proteins have been demonstrated to be able to deacetylate, thus causing FOXO3 inactivation at the posttranslational level. Therefore, targeting sirtuin proteins renders new avenues for breast cancer treatment. Here, we describe three procedures for studying FOXO3 posttranslational modifications controlled by sirtuin proteins in cancer cells

Lapatinib sensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is modulated by SIRT2-mediated FOXO3 deacetylation [version 3]

Background Chemoresistance is an obstacle to the successful treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Lapatinib is a targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapeutic drug also used to treat NPC, but high doses are often required to achieve a result. To investigate the mechanism for the development of Lapatinib resistance, we characterised a number of NPC cell lines to determine the role of FOXO3 and sirtuins in regulating NPC resistance. Methods Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays, Clonogenic assays, Protein extraction, quantification and western blotting, RT qPCR, Co-immunoprecipitation assay Results To explore novel treatment strategies, we first characterized the Lapatinib-sensitivity of a panel of NPC cell lines by SRB and clonogenic cytotoxic assays and found that the metastatic NPC (C666-1 and 5-8F) cells are highly resistant whereas the poorly metastatic lines (6-10B, TW01 and HK-1)are sensitive to Lapatinib. Western blot analysis of the Lapatinib-sensitive 6-10Band resistant 5-8FNPC cells showed that the expression of phosphorylated/inactive FOXO3 (P-FOXO3;T32), its target FOXM1 and its regulator SIRT2 correlate negatively with Lapatinib response and sensitivity, suggesting that SIRT2 mediates FOXO3 deacetylation to promote Lapatinib resistance. In agreement, clonogenic cytotoxic assays using wild-type and foxo1/3/4 −/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) showed that FOXO1/3/4-deletion significantly attenuates Lapatinib-induced cytotoxicity, confirming that FOXO proteins are essential for mediating Lapatinib response. SRB cell viability assays using chemical SIRT inhibitors (i.e. sirtinol, Ex527, AGK2 and AK1) revealed that all SIRT inhibitors can reduce NPC cell viability, but only the SIRT2-specific inhibitors AK1 and AGK2 further enhance the Lapatinib cytotoxicity. Consistently, clonogenic assays demonstrated that the SIRT2 inhibitors AK1 and AGK2 as well as SIRT2-knockdown increase Lapatinib cytotoxicity further in both the sensitive and resistant NPC cells. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that besides Lapatinib treatment, SIRT2-pharmaceutical inhibition and silencing also led to an increase in FOXO3 acetylation. Importantly, SIRT2 inhibition and depletion further enhanced Lapatinib-mediated FOXO3-acetylation in NPC cells. Conclusion Collectively, our results suggest the involvement of SIRT2-mediated FOXO3 deacetylation in Lapatinib response and sensitivity, and that SIRT2 can specifically antagonise the cytotoxicity of Lapatinib through mediating FOXO3 deacetylation in both sensitive and resistant NPC cells

A sensitive acoustic sensor using fiber bragg grating based on strain compensation

An acoustic sensitivity single ring fiber sensor with enhanced pressure sensitivity is designed by using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG). Measurement sensitivity of the this fiber sensor is 0.3714 με/Hz. This sensor exhibited a good acoustic sensitivity, showing that the sensor has good sensing properties for the detection of the acoustic signals

Comparative analysis of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions about induced abortions among medical and non-medical students of Karachi

Objectve: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding induced abortions among university students of Karachi and compare these aspects among medical and non-medical students. STUDY Design: Cross sectional opinion survey. Methods: The study is a cross sectional opinion survey of medical and non-medical students from four educational institutions of Karachi using a pretested questionnaire. Results: Of the 381 students interviewed, 201 were medical and 180 were non-medical. More medical students were aware of the correct definition of induced abortion. An encouraging finding was the awareness of our study population about the only legally acceptable circumstance for induced abortion in Pakistan, that is, if conceptus is a risk to maternal health (p \u3c 0.001). More medical students cited complications that were technical like uterine perforation (p \u3c 0.001), cervical trauma (p \u3c 0.001), DIC (p \u3c 0.001), and sepsis (p \u3c 0.001). More medical students thought induced abortion to be a health issue (p=0.001) as compared to non-medical students. Most of the medical students felt the need to modify Pakistan\u27s law regarding abortion (p=0.008) especially for fetal anomalies (13.9%) and rape (7%).CONCLUSION: Though medical students were more knowledgeable about induced abortions as compared to the non-medical population, there is a need to improve awareness regarding induced and unsafe abortions and their consequences

Determining Damaging Fatigue Cycles under Influence of Random Loadings using the Root-Mean-Square Level / M. Mahmud ...[et al.]

The aim of this paper is to investigate the damaging fatigue cycles criterion using the root-mean-square level under the influence of random loads for coil spring. Fatigue life cycle analysis especially in signal processing involves high computational effort because it deals with large quantity of data from vibratory loads obtained from the coil spring. The captured data of frequent low amplitude cycles generally consist of noise or vibrations which are meaningless and not significant for analysis. Therefore, a criterion using the root-mean-square level is proposed in assessing fatigue life of the captured strain signal from the coil spring. Four strain signals were analysed statistically using global statistics and distribution fitting. Fatigue damage was determined using the Morrow model and control charts were used in the classification of predefined damaging cycles. For evaluating the contribution of these cycles to fatigue damage, cycle elimination process was performed. The results showed a significant reduction of 48%−62% in damage values with damage probability ranging from 0.9362 to 0.9999. Hence, the criterion is useful and has potential to be extended in determining damaging cycles in fatigue analysis in indicating the damaging effects for coil spring