Laparoscopic Reimplantation for Single-System Ectopic Ureter

INTRODUCTION Ureteral anomalies, ectopic ureter being one of them, are of the most important urogenital abnormalities because they directly affect kidney function.(1) Several techniques have been used for treatment of ectopic ureter. The goal of obstruction relief can be achieved by either ureteropyelostomy or common sheath ureteral reimplantation for a duplicated system, or reimplantation for a single system.(1) Heminephrectomy and ureteropyelostomy are well described elsewhere, but several technical points deserve

The possibility of access to the kidneys from posterior axillary line in supine position for percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Please cite this article as: Tabibi A, Kashi AH, Mirjalili SAM, Mahmoudnejad N, Kashani P, Salavatipour B, Soltani MH. The possibility of access to the kidneys from posterior axillary line in supine position for percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Novel Biomed 2013;1(2):43-47.Objectives: To evaluate the possibility of access to the kidneys from posterior axillary line (PAL) in supine position for percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Materials and Methods: 102 consecutive patients who were candidated for abdominal CT scan, enrolled in this study. In cases of impossible access, the point on the posterior surface of body which permitted safe access was determined and the percent of movement toward body midline (relative to PAL) was calculated (M.PER).Results: Percutaneous access was simulated from upper and middle calyces of the kidney in 13% and 75% of cases, respectively. Access to the lower region was possible in 90% of right and 79% of left lower calyces, respectively (p=0.03). In cases with impossible access from PAL, the M.PER for a safe access was 46-47% for upper region and 34- 38% for middle and lower calyces of the kidney (P = 0.0001).Conclusions: Access to upper calyces from PAL was limited in some cases regarding to the presence of solid organs. Presence of colon made access impossible in the lower right and left calyces in about 10% and 20% of cases, respectively. In upper region, more deviation toward midline was necessary to establish a safe access compared with middle and lower calyces

V-04.06 Laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation for an ectopic ureter: a case report

The Double-Gate and Gate All Around MOSFETs are two of the most promising candidates for the scaling of CMOS technology down to nanometer range. The excellent electrostatic control of the channel by the gate reduces dramatically short channel effects, such as charge sharing and DIBL. So, the objective of this work is to investigate and compare the scaling capability of the undoped DG and GAA MOSFETs using the artificial neural networks (ANNs). The optimization of this latter is based on the development of numerical models of subthreshold swing (S) for short channel Double-Gate and Gate All Around MOSFETs under various modes of operation based on a two-dimensional analysis of electrostatics in the channel region by solving the two-dimensional Poisson equation with the mobile charge term included, and apply the physical insights gained from these models to investigate the impact of process variations on device characteristics. This study leads to the conclusion that cylindrical geometry is superior to the equivalent Double-Gate structure both in terms of the electrostatic control of the channel and the current ratio Ion/Ioff, indicating that the subthreshold slope is better controlled by the GAA MOSFET