Effectiveness of Blended Instruction on Pain and Requirement for Analgesic after Knee Arthroplasty Surgery

Background and aims: Most patients undergoing knee replacement surgery have pain and limited range of motion during recovery and rehabilitation and due to pain and lack of experience and knowledge are not able to run an effective rehabilitation program. So, this study was aimed to determine the effect of blended instruction on the intensity and the admission palliative of patients undergoing knee surgery. Methods: 64 patients scheduled for knee replacement surgery randomized block Foursome assigned to two experimental and control groups. The training program including film screenings and providing face to face training, manual and training video in the individual manner was implemented days before the surgery for the experimental group. The control group received routine care. Data by demographic and clinical form and pain assessment checklist were collected using a visual analogue scale. Numerical data about the pain from the second to fifth days and one month after surgery were collected and analyzed useing the SPSS software and Independent t-test, Chi-square and Repeated measure tests. Results: The results of this study showed that the experimental group reported significantly less pain than the control group at most times (P=0.012). According to independent t-test statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of the amount of admission palliative at the time was found (P>0.054). However, based on analysis of variance with repeated measures between the admission palliative on study, there was a significant difference in both groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to our results, the combined intervention before surgery can reduce the level of pain experienced after surgery and as a training method used to teach these patients after surgery

PROPAGATION OF STRESS WAVE IN A FUNCTIONALLY GRADED NANO-BAR BASED ON MODIFIED COUPLE STRESS THEORY

In this paper, propagation of a one-dimensional elastic stress wave in a functionally graded (FG) nano-bar is analysed based on the modified couple stress theory. It is assumed that the material properties of FG bar are distributed as an exponential function along the axial direction. The two main advantages of the modified couple stress theory over the classical couple stress theory are the inclusion of a symmetric couple stress tensor and the involvement of only one material length scale parameter. According to the modified couple stress theory, only one material length scale parameter is used to describe the size effect in nano-bar. Also, the shear stress components come from the lateral inertia effect are considered in the elastic strain energy relation. Then, the governing equations are derived using Hamilton's principle and are generally solved. Finally, effects of length scale parameter, material inhomogeneity constant and Poisson's ratio on stress wave propagation velocity and harmonic behavior of stress wave are evaluated and can be observed that using the classical continuum theory leads to considerable errors in analysis of stress wave propagation

Investigation on Buckling Behavior of Tubular Shells with Circular Cutout, Subjected to Combined Loading

Abstrac

Effects of clinical education and evaluation with portfolio method on nursing students' satisfaction: a clinical trial

زمینه و هدف: لزوم بازنگری در روش های فعلی آموزش در پرستاری و استفاده از روش های آموزش و ارزشیابی نوین در سال های اخیر مورد توجه جدی قرار گرفته است؛ لذا این مطالعه با هدف مقایسه رضایتمندی دانشجویان پرستاری از به کارگیری روش آموزش و ارزشیابی بالینی پورت فولیو و روش روتین صورت گرفت. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش کارآزمایی بالینی، کلیه دانشجویان ترم 6 کارشناسی پرستاری دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی دانشگاه جندی شاپور اهواز (37 دانشجو)که طبق برنامه ریزی دانشکده به 4 گروه تقسیم شده بودند، جهت گذراندن کارآموزی به روش پورت فولیو و روتین انتخاب شدند. روش کار بدین صورت بود که در یک واحد کارآموزی به صورت روتین و واحد کارآموزی بعدی به شیوه پورت فولیو آموزش داده و ارزشیابی شدند. رضایت دانشجویان از دو شیوه آموزشی با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته رضایت سنجی مقایسه گردید. یافته ها: در موارد مشابه بودن موضوعات موجود در روش آموزش و فرم ارزشیابی با تجربیات بالینی مواجه شده، ایجاد علاقه و انگیزه برای مشارکت دانشجو در یادگیری، ایجاد انگیزه برای استفاده از کتاب ها و سایر منابع علمی، کمک به یافتن موارد نقص و جبران آن طی کارآموزی، همسو بودن موضوعات موجود در روش ارزشیابی به شیوه پورت فولیو با اهداف آموزشی و میزان یادگیری در روش پورت فولیو میزان رضایتمندی دانشجویان بیشتر و معنی دار بود (01/0>P). همچنین متوسط نمره کل رضایت مندی دانشجویان از روش پورت فولیو (25/2±83/29) بیشتر از روش متداول (06/3±89/27) بود (01/0>P). نتیجه گیری: رضایت بیشتر دانشجویان در برخی زمینه ها از شیوه آموزش پورت فولیو، مؤید مزایای استفاده از این روش آموزشی جدید می باشد و می توان آن را به عنوان یک روش تلفیقی از آموزش و ارزشیابی دانشجو محور به کار برد

Investigation of stress intensity factor for internal cracks in FG cylinders under static and dynamic loading

This paper investigates the variations of mode I stress intensity factor (KI) for inner penny-shaped and circumferential cracks in functionally graded solid and hollow thick walled cylinders, respectively with the changes of crack geometry, material gradation and loading conditions. The functionally graded material of cylinders consists of epoxy and glass. It is assumed that the mechanical properties vary with a power law in the radial direction of cylinders. Micromechanical models for conventional composites are used to estimate the material properties of functionally graded cylinders. The equations of motion obtained from the extended finite element discretization are solved by the Newmark method in the time domain. The interaction integral method is employed to calculate the mode I stress intensity factor (KI). The MATLAB programming environment was implemented to solve the problem

Influence of Boundary Conditions and Defects on the Buckling Behavior of SWCNTs via a Structural Mechanics Approach

The effects of boundary conditions and defects on the buckling behavior of SWCNTs are investigated using a structural mechanics model. Due to the application of carbon nanotubes in different fields such as NEMS, where they are subjected to different loading and boundary conditions, an investigation of buckling behavior of nanotubes with different boundary conditions is necessary. Critical buckling loads and the effects of vacancy and Stone-Wales defects were studied for zigzag and armchair nanotubes with various boundary conditions and aspect ratios (length/diameter). The comparison of our results with those of the buckling of shells with cutouts indicates that vacancy defects in carbon nanotubes can most likely be modeled as cutouts of the shells. Finally, a hybrid vacancy defect and Stone-Wales defect are also developed, and their effect on the critical buckling loads is studied

Investigation of flexibility constants for a multi-spring model: a solution for buckling of cracked micro/nanobeams

In this paper, a multi-spring model is used for modelling of the crack in a micro/nanobeam under axial compressive load based on a modified couple stress theory. This model includes an equivalent rotational spring to transmit the bending moment and an equivalent longitudinal spring to transmit the axial force through the cracked section, which leads to promotion of the modelling of discontinuities due to the presence of the crack. Moreover, this study considers coupled effects between the bending moment and axial force on the discontinuities at the cracked section. Therefore, four flexibility constants appear in the continuity conditions. In this paper, these four constants are obtained as a function of crack depth, separately. This modelling is employed to solve the buckling problem of cracked micro/nanobeams using a close-form method, Euler-Bernoulli theory and simply supported boundary conditions. Finally, the effects of flexibility constants, crack depth and crack location on the critical buckling load are studied