Optička i električna svojstva tankih slojeva bismut sulfida (Bi2S3) načinjenih termičkim isparavanjem

Thin films of Bi2S3, of thickness in the range 300 to 500 nm, were produced by thermal evaporation technique. The reaction consisted in depositing the two elements (bismuth and sulfur) from a boat source and allowing their atoms to interdiffuse to form the compound during the deposition on quartz substrates. The material has been characterized by X-ray studies, optical and electrical measurements. When these films were annealed at 353 K, 393 K and 453 K for 5 hours, a nearly amorphous to polycrystalline transition was observed. The absorption coefficient revealed the existence of an allowed direct transition with Eg = 1.56 eV. The activation energies for electrical conduction in low and high temperature regions are 0.28 eV and 0.73 eV, respectively.Tanke slojeve Bi2S3, debljine 300 do 500 nm, pripremali smo isparavanjem u vakuumu. Ispitivali smo ih difrakcijom rentgenskog zračenja, te mjerenjima njihovih optičkih i električnih svojstava. Toplinskim otpuštanjem na temperaturama 353 K, 393 K i 453 K u vremenima od 5 sati, u slojevima smo opazili prijelaz iz približno potpuno amorfne u polikristaliničnu strukturu. Apsorpcijski koeficijent pokazuje prisustvo izravnog dozvoljenog prijelaza sa Eg = 1.56 eV. Aktivacijske energije za električnu vodljivost u području nižih i viših temperatura iznose 0.28 eV odnosno 0.73 eV

Optička i električna svojstva tankih slojeva bismut sulfida (Bi2S3) načinjenih termičkim isparavanjem

Thin films of Bi2S3, of thickness in the range 300 to 500 nm, were produced by thermal evaporation technique. The reaction consisted in depositing the two elements (bismuth and sulfur) from a boat source and allowing their atoms to interdiffuse to form the compound during the deposition on quartz substrates. The material has been characterized by X-ray studies, optical and electrical measurements. When these films were annealed at 353 K, 393 K and 453 K for 5 hours, a nearly amorphous to polycrystalline transition was observed. The absorption coefficient revealed the existence of an allowed direct transition with Eg = 1.56 eV. The activation energies for electrical conduction in low and high temperature regions are 0.28 eV and 0.73 eV, respectively.Tanke slojeve Bi2S3, debljine 300 do 500 nm, pripremali smo isparavanjem u vakuumu. Ispitivali smo ih difrakcijom rentgenskog zračenja, te mjerenjima njihovih optičkih i električnih svojstava. Toplinskim otpuštanjem na temperaturama 353 K, 393 K i 453 K u vremenima od 5 sati, u slojevima smo opazili prijelaz iz približno potpuno amorfne u polikristaliničnu strukturu. Apsorpcijski koeficijent pokazuje prisustvo izravnog dozvoljenog prijelaza sa Eg = 1.56 eV. Aktivacijske energije za električnu vodljivost u području nižih i viših temperatura iznose 0.28 eV odnosno 0.73 eV

The Impact of Positive Discipline as a Classroom Management Approach on Students' Well-being and Academic Achievement: A Case Study in an International School in Cairo

This research is designed to identify the scope of positive discipline implementation as a classroom management approach in Groupe Scholaire Oasis (an international School in Cairo City) through investigating PD's impact on students’ well-being, and academic achievement. Researchers used a quantitative method through questionnaires applied on samples of students from two different age groups. Data analysis indicated that Positive Discipline approach as a Classroom Management Approach has a significant impact on students’ well-being and academic achievement after six years of implementation. This significant impact is on students of different grades (3- 5 age group and 6 – 9 age group). On the other hand, PD’s impact on students’ well-being and academic achievement differ according to age. The results showed that 3- 5 grades group was superior to the 3 – 6 grades group with regard to: PD Seven Abilities, Student: Well-Being, and Approach to Learning (ATL) Skills

The Impact of Positive Discipline as a Classroom Management Approach on Students' Well-being and Academic Achievement: A Case Study in an International School in Cairo

This research is designed to identify the scope of positive discipline implementation as a classroom management approach in Groupe Scholaire Oasis (an international School in Cairo City) through investigating PD's impact on students’ well-being, and academic achievement. Researchers used a quantitative method through questionnaires applied on samples of students from two different age groups. Data analysis indicated that Positive Discipline approach as a Classroom Management Approach has a significant impact on students’ well-being and academic achievement after six years of implementation. This significant impact is on students of different grades (3- 5 age group and 6 – 9 age group). On the other hand, PD’s impact on students’ well-being and academic achievement differ according to age. The results showed that 3- 5 grades group was superior to the 3 – 6 grades group with regard to: PD Seven Abilities, Student: Well-Being, and Approach to Learning (ATL) Skills

A Proposed Artificial Intelligence-Based System for Developing E-management Skills in Saudi Primary Schools

This study aims to investigate the impact of Artificial intelligence-driven solutions on school leaders’ proficiencies. Leaders have the responsibility of making decisions in educational institutions as well as carrying out routine tasks daily. Artificial intelligence-assisted applications have noteworthy contributions to the field of educational management. The scope of this study is limited to selected features; data analytics, chatbot, and e-survey. The basic design of this study started with analyzing literature in this domain. This was followed by designing a system consisting of four models: building a dashboard, predicting students’ results, creating a chatbot for responding to parents’ queries, and creating an e-survey for measuring staff satisfaction. The prominent finding of this study is the significant impact of Artificial intelligence on leaders’ competencies

A Proposed Artificial Intelligence-Based System for Developing E-management Skills in Saudi Primary Schools

This study aims to investigate the impact of Artificial intelligence-driven solutions on school leaders’ proficiencies. Leaders have the responsibility of making decisions in educational institutions as well as carrying out routine tasks daily. Artificial intelligence-assisted applications have noteworthy contributions to the field of educational management. The scope of this study is limited to selected features; data analytics, chatbot, and e-survey. The basic design of this study started with analyzing literature in this domain. This was followed by designing a system consisting of four models: building a dashboard, predicting students’ results, creating a chatbot for responding to parents’ queries and creating an e-survey for measuring staff satisfaction. The participants of this study consist of 35 school leaders, whereas the sample was one group that was exposed to special treatment. A pre/post-test was conducted to examine the impact of the treatment, in addition to an observation card that was used to measure the treatment’s impact on the technical domains. The researchers used SPSS to analyze the study’s results. The prominent finding of this study is the significant impact of Artificial intelligence on leaders’ competencies; the difference between mean scores in both pre and post-test application and post-application for the observation card has proven the positive impact of the proposed treatment

A Proposed Artificial Intelligence-Based System for Developing E-management Skills in Saudi Primary Schools

This study aims to investigate the impact of Artificial intelligence-driven solutions on school leaders’ proficiencies. Leaders have the responsibility of making decisions in educational institutions as well as carrying out routine tasks daily. Artificial intelligence-assisted applications have noteworthy contributions to the field of educational management. The scope of this study is limited to selected features; data analytics, chatbot, and e-survey. The basic design of this study started with analyzing literature in this domain. This was followed by designing a system consisting of four models: building a dashboard, predicting students’ results, creating a chatbot for responding to parents’ queries, and creating an e-survey for measuring staff satisfaction. The prominent finding of this study is the significant impact of Artificial intelligence on leaders’ competencies

Does External Debt Drive Inflation in Sudan? Evidence from Symmetric and Asymmetric ARDL approaches

This study aims to examine the symmetric and asymmetric impact of external debt on inflation in Sudan from 1970 to 2020 within a multivariate framework by including money supply and the nominal effective exchange rate as additional inflation determinants. We utilize an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to examine the symmetric impact of external debt on inflation, while the asymmetric impact is examined using a nonlinear Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model. The existence of a long-run relationship between inflation and external debt is tested using the bounds-testing approach to cointegration, and a vector error-correction model is estimated to determine the short parameters of equilibrium dynamics. The linear ARDL model results show that external debt has no statistically significant impact on inflation in the long run. On the contrary, the results of the NARDL model show that positive and negative external debt shocks statistically affect inflation in the long run. The estimated long-run elasticity coefficients of both the linear and nonlinear ARDL models reveal that the domestic money supply has a statistically significant positive impact on inflation. In contrast, the nominal effective exchange rate has a statistically significant negative impact on inflation. The reliance on symmetric analysis may not be sufficient to uncover the existence of a linkage between external debt and inflation. Proper external debt management is crucial to control inflation rates in Sudan

Does external debt drive inflation in Sudan: evidence from symmetric and asymmetric ARDL approaches

Purpose – This study aims to examine the symmetric and asymmetric impact of external debt on inflation in Sudan from 1970 to 2020 within a multivariate framework by including money supply and the nominal effective exchange rate as additional inflation determinants. Design/methodology/approach – The authors utilize an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to examine the symmetric impact of external debt on inflation, while the asymmetric impact is examined using a Nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) model. The existence of a long-run relationship between inflation and external debt is tested using the bounds-testing approach to cointegration, and a vector error-correction model is estimated to determine the short parameters of equilibrium dynamics. Findings – The linear ARDL model results show that external debt has no statistically significant impact on inflation in the long run. On the contrary, the results of the NARDL model show that positive and negative external debt shocks statistically affect inflation in the long run. The estimated long-run elasticity coefficients of the linear and nonlinear ARDL models reveal that the domestic money supply has a statistically significant positive impact on inflation. In contrast, the nominal effective exchange rate has a statistically significant negative impact on inflation. Practical implications – The reliance on symmetric analysis may not be sufficient to uncover the existence of a linkage between external debt and inflation. Proper external debt management is crucial to control inflation rates in Sudan. Originality/value – To date, no empirical study has assessed the external debt-inflation nexus and its potential asymmetry in Sudan, and the current study aims to fill this gap in the literature