Parametrized post-Newtonian virial theorem

Using the parametrized post-Newtonian equations of hydrodynamics, we derive the tensor form of the parametrized post-Newtonian virial theorem.Comment: 10 pages, submitted to CQ

Peranan Paras-paras 3p0 dan 3p2terhadap Pekali Pengionan Sekunder dalam Nyahcas Townsend

The contribution of the 3Po and 3Po levels to the secondary ionization coefficient in a Townsend discharge are discussed. In the case of a research grade krypton gas sample, the theoretical values of 0 I a (the dominant process in the range Hlp < 50 volt cm- 1 to"-1 ) are in good agreement with the ex, perimental values of w I a. However, in the case of purified research grade krypton gas samples, it seems likely that only atoms in the 3P0 level contributed to the secondary ionization coefficient

Kekonduksian Terma Filem Polimer Lut Sinar, OHP

A measurement of thermal conductivity of OHP (overhead projector) polymer films is reported. Thermal conductivity of PVC, 3M infra-red and triacetate films was measured using a simple, inexpensive home-made apparatus. The values obtained were: (0.567 ± 0.005) Wm-1K-1, (0.312 ± 0.005) Wm-1K-1, and (0.171 ± 0.005) Wm-1K-1. The thermal conductivity of mylar film was also measured and its value of (0.212 ± 0.005) Wm-1K-1 is in good agreement with figures previously reported. It has been shown that the heat resistance of polymer films is linearly dependent on the thickness of the film in accordance with the theory

Pencirian Plasmon-Polariton Permukaan Melalui Gandingan Parutan

Surface plasmon polariton mode may be excited by photons using grating coupling to provide the necessary extra momentum. Reflectivity measurements at 632.8 nm were carried out on three modulated grating gold films. The gold films were deposited by vacuum evaporation on a silica grating at base pressure for 1O-6 torr. By rotating the grating in azimuth angle direction, where the grooves of the grating are no longer perpendicular to the plane of incidence, the symmetry of the system is broken and polarization conversion phenomenon is introduced. This conversion is strongly enhanced when SPP mode is excited. The dependence of this conversion on angle of incidence and azimuthal angle is discussed in detail. When the grooves are at about 45° to the plane of incidence, maximum conversion is observed

Penguatan-parutan Terhadap Mod-mod Elektromagnet pada Pandu Gelombang Organik Tripalmitin

Grating-enhancement and characterization of electromagnetic modes in organic waveguides are presented. The intensity of P and S polarized light reflected from the gold grating with organic tripalmitin coating at varying twist angles was measured as a function of angle of incidence. The characteristic behaviour of TE and TM modes in terms of twist angles is discussed in detail. It was discovered that the maximum P-S conversion of TEl' TE2 and TM2 modes occurred at twist angles of 40, 50 and 64° respectively. In this experiment it was found that organic tripalmitin is a good candidate for waveguide material and needs to be studied in more detail

Ionization Coefficients and Breakdown Potential in Krypton

Ionization currents in research grade krypton between plane parallel gold-plated electrodes at separation up to 3 cm were measured in the range of 14 < E/P -:(" 200 volt cm - 1 torr -1 and 2 < p.-:(" 130 torr where E is the applied electric field and p ** is the gas pressure. The values of ionization coeffidents of/P deduced from these measurements were lower than the values obtained by Kruith of(1940) but higher than the values obtained by Dutton et al. (1983), in the range of E/P < 200 volt cm -1 torr -1. Within the limit of experimental error, /P was found to be a function of E/P only. The measured values of breakdown potentials were in good agreement with the values calculated from the breakdown criterion and satisfied the similarity principle

A robust adaptive wavelet-based method for classification of meningioma histology images

Intra-class variability in the texture of samples is an important problem in the domain of histological image classification. This issue is inherent to the field due to the high complexity of histology image data. A technique that provides good results in one trial may fail in another when the test and training data are changed and therefore, the technique needs to be adapted for intra-class texture variation. In this paper, we present a novel wavelet based multiresolution analysis approach to meningioma subtype classification in response to the challenge of data variation.We analyze the stability of Adaptive Discriminant Wavelet Packet Transform (ADWPT) and present a solution to the issue of variation in the ADWPT decomposition when texture in data changes. A feature selection approach is proposed that provides high classification accuracy

Kesan Pelarut Terhadap Pemalar Optik Lamtan Organik Laser Dye

The optical constants n and k of R6G and Fluorscein in methanol and ethanol (at a particular concentration of 5 X 10-5 molar) as a function of wavelength are reported. The extinction coefficient k and the refractive index n were measured in the range of wavelength 200-700 nm and 540-700 nm respectively. The results showed that the refractive index n obtained for R6G and Fluorescein in ethanol was significantly higher than in methanol

Few layer graphene on SiC, pyrolitic graphite and graphene: a Raman scattering study

The results of micro-Raman scattering measurements performed on three different ``graphitic'' materials: micro-structured disks of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, graphene multi-layers thermally decomposed from carbon terminated surface of 4H-SiC and an exfoliated graphene monolayer are presented. Despite its multi-layer character, most parts of the surface of the graphitized SiC substrates shows a single-component, Lorentzian shape, double resonance Raman feature in striking similarity to the case of a single graphene monolayer. Our observation suggests a very weak electronic coupling between graphitic layers on the SiC surface, which therefore can be considered to be graphene multi-layers with a simple (Dirac-like) band structure.Comment: 4 pages, 3 Figures Structure of the paper strongly modified, small changes in Fig 2 and 3. Same interpretation and same result