Segmentation of Nastaliq script for OCR

In this paper we have presented a novel segmentation technique for the implementation of an OCR (Optical Character Recognition) for printed Nastalique text, a calligraphic style of Urdu which uses the Arabic script for its writing.OCR for many of the world major languages have been developed and are being used but at present an OCR for Nastalique is not available and the published research on Nastalique OCR, Urdu OCR or even on any area of Urdu computing is almost non-existent, the reason being the challenges that the Nastalique style poses for its optical recognition. We used Matlab 7 for our experimentation the results are reported in this paper which are very encouraging

The effect of chalcogen substitution on the structure and spectroscopy of 4,7-dimethyl-2: H -chromen-2-one/thione analogues

4,7-Dimethyl-2H-chromen-2-one (1) and its novel sulfur analogue 4,7-dimethyl-2H-chromen-2-thione (2) were synthesized and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods and mass spectrometry. The crystal structure of compound 2 has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods, and it crystallizes in the monoclinic I2/m space group. The molecular skeleton lies in the crystallographic mirror plane, in agreement with the expected theoretical planarity enforced by extended π-bonding. The crystal packing of both compounds is characterized by the R22(8) motif formed by intermolecular C–H⋯X[double bond, length as m-dash]C (X = O and S) hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the 1-benzopyran-2-one/thione moiety, as also identified by Hirshfeld surface analysis. The vibrational properties have been studied by infrared and Raman spectroscopy complemented by quantum chemical calculations and normal coordinate analysis of the potential energy distribution. The UV-Vis spectrum is interpreted in terms of TD-DFT quantum chemical calculations, showing a clear red-shift in the HOMO–LUMO electronic transition when the chromen-2-one ring is converted into chromen-2-thione.Fil: Delgado Espinosa, Zuly Yuliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; ArgentinaFil: Saeed, Aamer. Quaid-I-Azam University; PakistánFil: Mahmood, Shamsul. Quaid-I-Azam University; PakistánFil: Echeverría, Gustavo Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Piro, Oscar Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Erben, Mauricio Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; Argentin

Factor Analysis of a Novel Scoring-Based Instrument on Forecasting Malaysian Travelers’ Behavioral Preparedness for Travel-Related Infectious Diseases

Introduction: Preparedness for the prevention of travel-related infectious diseases among Malaysian international travelers has yet to be explored. With no such data, health programs to empower travelers on behavioral responses towards travel-related illnesses will be ineffective. The current study aimed to develop and validate a new scoring-based instrument measuring Malaysian international travelers’ preparedness in terms of their risk perception (RP), attitude, and practices (RisPAK-Q) towards travel-related infectious diseases using factor analysis. Methods: The newly developed instrument was tested among 200 Malaysian international travelers based on the systematic random sampling method. The number of domains, model-fit index, construct validity, and internal consistency for this instrument were determined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: Twenty-two out of 34 questions were retained, and the following 5 domains were extracted: RP, pre-travel attitude (PTA), during-travel attitude (DTA), general traveling practice, and food practice (FP). All 22 questions had factor loadings of above 0.6. All 5 domains achieved a stable model fit index with good convergent and discriminant construct validity of above 0.5 indicated by the average variance extracted (AVE) with all of the maximum shared variance (MSV) values below their corresponding AVEs. All domains also had high internal consistency with a composite reliability (CR) of above 0.7. Conclusion: The RisPAK-Q containing 22 questions in 5 domains is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the preparedness of Malaysian travelers for travel-related infectious diseases and can be used in a subsequent larger study

The effect of chalcogen substitution on the structure and spectroscopy of 4,7-dimethyl-2<i>H</i>-chromen-2-one/thione analogues

4,7-Dimethyl-2H-chromen-2-one (1) and its novel sulfur analogue 4,7-dimethyl-2H-chromen-2-thione (2) were synthesized and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods and mass spectrometry. The crystal structure of compound 2 has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods, and it crystallizes in the monoclinic I2/m space group. The molecular skeleton lies in the crystallographic mirror plane, in agreement with the expected theoretical planarity enforced by extended π-bonding. The crystal packing of both compounds is characterized by the R22(8) motif formed by intermolecular C–H⋯X[double bond, length as m-dash]C (X = O and S) hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the 1-benzopyran-2-one/thione moiety, as also identified by Hirshfeld surface analysis. The vibrational properties have been studied by infrared and Raman spectroscopy complemented by quantum chemical calculations and normal coordinate analysis of the potential energy distribution. The UV-Vis spectrum is interpreted in terms of TD-DFT quantum chemical calculations, showing a clear red-shift in the HOMO–LUMO electronic transition when the chromen-2-one ring is converted into chromen-2-thione.Centro de Química InorgánicaInstituto de Física La Plat

Gangguan seksual di Malaysia

Walaupun ramai yang pernah mengalami gangguan seksual, tetapi mereka tidak menyedarinya. Ini kerana ramai di kalangan kita tidak mengetahui dengan jelas mengenai makna atau takrifan gangguan seksual. Jelasnya, jika mengalami gangguan seksual, ia akan membuatkan mangsa merasa marah, sedih, takut dan tidak berupaya bertindak kerana ia berlaku di luar kawalan (Khairun-nisa, 1997).Berdasarkan pernyataan tersebut, gangguan seksual boleh ditakrifkan sebagai kelakuan, perbuatan atau pertuturan yang berunsur seks yang disengajakan dan berulang-ulang, tidak diingini dan orang yang diganggu tidak mengundang, tidak suka dan tidak melayan kelakuan itu. Bentuk gangguan seksual seperti menyentuh, menepuk, mencubit, meraba, pertuturan sumbang, merenung, bersiul, penghinaan atau persenda berkaitan seks, mencadang bahawa layanan seks akan dibalas dengan ganjaran serta mempamer atau mengedar alat/bahan lucah (Khairunnisa, 1997).Gangguan seksual berlaku kerana dua sebab iaitu Quid Pro Quo dan persekitaran yang tidak selesa. Quid Pro Quo melibatkan situasi di mana pengganggu akan menggunakan kekerasan atau mengugut mangsa jika tidak mengikut kehendaknya (Sabitha, 1998).Manakala persekitaran yang tidak selesa pula melibatkan situasi seperti menggesel, mencubit, paparan gambar berunsur seks, mengeluarkan kata-kata berunsur lucah dan sebagainya (Sabitha, 1998).Berdasarkan kepada perkara lima (5) dalam buku garis panduan (kod amalan untuk mencegah dan membasmi Gangguan Seksual di Tempat Kerja),gangguan seksual dibahagikan kepada dua kategori.Pertama, gangguan seksual berbentuk ugutan (sexual coercion).Kedua ialah gangguan seksual yang berbentuk ancaman terhadap ketenteraman peribadi (sexual annoyance).Gangguan seksual yang berbentuk ugutan memberi kesan secara langsung kepada status pekerjaan seseorang.Sebagai contoh,seseorang pegawai atasan yang mempunyai kuasa menentukan gaji dan pangkat, cuba mengugut pekerja bawahan memberi layanan seksual kepadanya.Jika pekerja bawahan tersebut tunduk kepada kehendak seksual pegawai atasan tersebut, faedah yang berkaitan dengan pekerjaan akan diperoleh.Sebaliknya pula jika pekerja bawahan berkenaan menolaknya, faedah itu akan di-nafikan (Kod Amalan untuk mencegah dan Membasmi Gangguan Seksual di Tempat Kerja, 1999).Seterusnya bentuk-bentuk gangguan seksual diperuntukkan di bawah perkara 8 yang membahagikan tingkah laku seksual kepada lima jenis.Pertamanya gangguan seksual secara lisan.Contohnya seperti kata-kata,komen,gurauan,usikan bunyi dan soalan-soalan yang berbentuk ancaman atau cadangan seksual.Keduanya gangguan sebagai isyarat atau bukan lisan.contohnya pandangan atau kerlingan yang membayangkan sesuatu niat atau keinginan; menjilat bibir atau memegang atau memakan makanan dengan cara menggoda; isyarat tangan atau bahasa isyarat yang membayangkan perlakuan seks atau tingkah laku mengurat yang berterusan.Ketiganya, gangguan seksual yang berbentuk visual yang meliputi keadaan yang menunjukan bahan-bahan lucah, melukis gambar lucah, menulis surat berunsur seksual dan mendedahkan bahagian badan yang sulit yang tidak sepatutnya didedahkan. Gangguan seksual keempat ialah gangguan seksual secara psikologi seperti mengulangi jernputan sosial yang telah tidak diterima, memujuk rayu berterusan untuk keluar bersama atau untuk bercumbuan. Akhir sekali bentuk gangguan seksual secara fizikal iaitu melibatkan sentuhan yang tidak diingini, menepuk, mencubit, mengusap, menggesel badan, memeluk, mencium dan serangan seksual (Kod Amalan untuk Mencegah dan Membasmi Gangguan Seksual di Tempat Kerja, 1999)

A clinical study of arrhythmias associated with acute coronary syndrome: a hospital based study of a high risk and previously undocumented population

Background: ACS represents a global epidemic. Arrhythmia in ACS is common. Careful investigation may lead to further improvement of prognosis. Retrospectively analyzed the year- round data of our center. Study was undertaken to analyze the incidence, frequency and type of arrhythmias in ACS. This is to aid timely intervention and to modify the outcome. Identification of the type of arrhythmia is of therapeutic and prognostic importance.Methods: This cross sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Apollo Hospitals Dhaka, from January 2019 to January 2020 with ACS patients. Enrolled consecutively and data analyzed.Results: There were 500 patients enrolled considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sample was subdivided into 3 groups on the type of ACS. Group-I with UA, Group-II with NSTE - ACS and Group-III with STE - ACS. Different types of arrhythmia noted. Types of arrhythmia were correlated with type of ACS. 500 patients included. Mean age 55.53±12.70, 71.6% male and 28.4% female. 60.4% hypertensive, 46.2% diabetic, 20.2% positive family history of CAD, 32.2% current smoker, 56.4% dyslipidaemic and 9.6% asthmatic. 31.2% UA, 39.2% NSTE-ACS and 29.6% STE-ACS. Type of arrhythmias noted. 22% sinus tachycardia, 20.2% sinus bradycardia, 9% atrial fibrillation, 5.2% ventricular ectopic, 4.8% supra ventricular ectopic, 2.8% bundle branch block, 2.2% atrio-ventricular block, 1% broad complex tachycardia, 0.4% narrow complex tachycardia, 0.2% sinus node dysfunction and 32.2% without any arrhythmia. Significant incidences of arrhythmia detected - respectively 29.8%, 39.2% and 31%, p<0.001.Conclusions: In conclusion, arrhythmias in ACS are common. More attention should be paid to improve their treatment and prognosis

Nastaliq Optical Character Recognition

Nastaliq is a calligraphic, beautiful and more aesthetic style of writing Urdu, the national language of Pakistan, also used to read and write in India and other countries of the region. OCRs developed for many world languages are already under efficient use but none exist for Nastaliq - a calligraphic adaptation of the Arabic scrip which is inherently cursive in nature. In Nastaliq, word and character overlapping makes optical recognition more complex. This paper presents the ongoing research on Nastaliq Optical Character Recognition (NOCR). In this research, we have proposed a novel segmentation-free technique for the design and implementation of a Nastaliq OCR based on cross-correlation. Copyright 2008 ACM

Intelligent Decision Making Technique for Marketing Using Hypothetical Database and Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Method

Marketing organizations use databases to locate potential customers and to generate sales lead. A number of software systems have been playing a key role in supporting the decision making activities in recent years but common problem in all that they cannot handle fuzzy data appropriately for "what-if" analysis. This paper proposes intelligent scenarios analysis system framework for marketing decision support which deals with crisp and fuzzy data like linguistic variable. Applying new approach "Hypothetical Database" for derived data that permits decision manager to manage views according to the need of organization and/or market environment. View in Hypothetical Database provides versatility in "What-If" analysis by using versions of "What-If" database and reduce data redundancy and data storage in updating. Using Fuzzy database will help to handle imprecise and uncertain information like "Linguistic variable" in a more human oriented process. Finally, the projected scenarios selected by decision manager will be aligned in a hierarchy according to the distance from "Ideal Vector" by using Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making method

Intelligent Decision Making Technique for Marketing Using Hypothetical Database and Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Method

Marketing organizations use databases to locate potential customers and to generate sales lead. A number of software systems have been playing a key role in supporting the decision making activities in recent years but common problem in all that they cannot handle fuzzy data appropriately for "what-if" analysis. This paper proposes intelligent scenarios analysis system framework for marketing decision support which deals with crisp and fuzzy data like linguistic variable. Applying new approach "Hypothetical Database" for derived data that permits decision manager to manage views according to the need of organization and/or market environment. View in Hypothetical Database provides versatility in "What-If" analysis by using versions of "What-If" database and reduce data redundancy and data storage in updating. Using Fuzzy database will help to handle imprecise and uncertain information like "Linguistic variable" in a more human oriented process. Finally, the projected scenarios selected by decision manager will be aligned in a hierarchy according to the distance from "Ideal Vector" by using Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making method