FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING ORAL IN SITU GEL OF DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE

Objective: The objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate the floating in-situ gelling system of diltiazem hydrochloride.Methods: Sodium alginate based diltiazem hydrochloride floating in situ gelling systems were prepared by dissolving hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) in 25% of water, to which calcium carbonate and diltiazem hydrochloride were added with stirring to form, a proper and a homogenous dispersion of diltiazem hydrochloride. Meanwhile, 30% of water was heated to 60 ËšC on a hot plate to dissolve sodium alginate and cooled to 40 ËšC. The resulting solution was added to HPMC solution and mixed well. To 5% of water at 60 ËšC, sodium methyl paraben was added and dissolved and cooled to 40 ËšC and was added to the above mixture and mixed well. The volume was adjusted finally to 100% with distilled water. Prepared formulae were evaluated for physicochemical properties, drug content, pH, in vitro gelling capacity, in vitro buoyancy, viscosity, water uptake and in vitro drug release.Results: Formulation variables such as type and concentration of viscosity enhancing polymer (sodium alginate) and HPMC affected the formulation viscosity, gelling properties, floating behavior, and in vitro drug release. Formulation F5 and F6 showed the floating time of 5 min and more than 20 h respectively. A significant decrease in the rate and extent of the drug release was observed with the increase in polymer concentration in in-situ gelling preparation. Formulation F4, F5, F6 were shown to have extended drug release until the end of 7 h.Conclusion: The prepared in situ gelling formulations of diltiazem hydrochloride could float in the gastric conditions and released the drug in a sustained manner. The present formulation was non-irritant, easy to administer along with good retention properties, better patient compliant and with greater efficacy of the drug

An Intelligent Method for Predictive Monitoring of Patient Health Parameters using Data Mining Techniques

Now a day Internet of Things is suddenly increasing technology. IOT is the network of physical object or things embedded with software sensors, electronics and network connectivity. IOT is used to collect information and exchange data. In this paper, we are developing a system which will automatically monitor the industrial applications. IOT has given a powerful way to build industrial system by using wireless devices, and sensors. IOT concept is to monitor and control the industry. In phase I the hard ware was designed successfully using IOT. The input from sensor and data output can be displayed in the LCD (16*2).microcontroller (PIC16F887) which is used to collect data from sensors and displayed in LCD. The displayed data can be seen by server using IOT. The performances are verified experimentally using IOT. In Phase II the data from the server can be monitor through personal computer .The industrial data can be viewed through URL

Formulation of an Empirical Relation between Chlorophyll and Sea Surface Temperature in the Southeastern Arabian Sea

Present study formulates an empirical relation between sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll (Chl) in the Southeastern Arabian Sea using data collected during 2017. SST was found to decrease due to upwelling of cold nutrient rich waters, thus causing enhancement of Chl in the coastal and nearshore waters. Based on this, an empirical relationship exists which is inversely correlated during peak upwelling and intense biological production. The linear regression generated a significant correlation coefficient (0.52 ≤ R2 ≥ 0.64) in the month of July, August and October. Although other factors influence Chl, SST can be considered as a significant indicator of biological production with respect to seasonal upwelling. Among the empirical relations, a definite single equation requires the assessment of subsurface Chl to reveal the underlying relationship

Mixed Layer Budget Terms on Acoustic Propagation A Study based on the Butterfly Track Experiment in the South Eastern Arabian Sea

A butterfly type of repeat track cruise was carried out in the South Eastern Arabian Sea (off Minicoy) onboard INS Sagardhwani during July 2016 to Aug 2016. We have also made use of the data from OMNI buoy, AD09, which is about 6 km close to the centre station of butterfly track. Air sea flux, the horizontal current data from AD09 and the time series data collected from the butterfly experiment were analyzed to compute the mixed layer heat and salt budget. The short-term thermo-haline variability off Minicoy, relative contribution of heat/salt budget terms in MLD and its effects on acoustic propagation are addressed in this paper. In this study, we found that most dominating term in the mixed layer heat budget estimation is net surface heat flux followed by the advective terms. However the salinity in the mixed layer is dominated by the contribution of buoyancy mixing due to night time evaporative cooling. During the calm, sunny day, the so-called afternoon effect due to the diurnal heating restricts the sonar range. But during the windy day, the wind/wave mixing prevents the warming of the surface layer which in turn enhances the sonar range. Similarly, the night time cooling also enhance the acoustic propagation range. The presence of Arabian Sea High Salinity Watermass in the surface layer also enhances the acoustic propagation

Increasing inequality in childhood obesity in primary schools in a northern English town

Objective: To undertake an analysis of National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) data to quantify the obesity prevalence gap over time between children in primary schools in the most and least deprived areas of Doncaster. Study design: The research design for this study was retrospective quantitative analysis of secondary data. Methods: The study undertook secondary analysis of NCMP data on obesity prevalence in children in Reception Year and Year 6 in primary schools in Doncaster for the period 2006–2007 to 2014–2015. Data were combined into three 3-year periods (2006–2007 to 2008–2009; 2009–2010 to 2011–2012; and 2012–2013 to 2014–2015), and schools were grouped by deprivation based on the national Indices of Multiple Deprivation 2015. Analysis was undertaken to assess whether there is a difference in obesity prevalence for Reception Year and Year 6 children in schools in the most deprived areas compared with the least deprived (prevalence gap), over time. Results: The difference in obesity prevalence between children attending schools in the most and least deprived areas has increased over time. For Reception Year children, the prevalence gap has widened from a difference of 1.01% higher in the most deprived schools in 2006–2007 to 2008–2009 to 3.64% higher in 2012–2013 to 2014–2015. In the same time periods, for Year 6 children, the obesity prevalence gap has also increased over time from 2.82% to 5.08%. Conclusions: There is inequality in relation to obesity in primary school children in Doncaster with those in schools in the most deprived areas carrying the greatest burden. Research is needed to understand why the plateau seen nationally is not reaching the most deprived children

Socioeconomic deprivation, urban-rural location and alcohol-related mortality in England and Wales

Background: Many causes of death are directly attributable to the toxic effects of alcohol and deaths from these causes are increasing in the United Kingdom. The aim of this study was to investigate variation in alcohol-related mortality in relation to socioeconomic deprivation, urban-rural location and age within a national context. Methods: An ecological study design was used with data from 8797 standard table wards in England and Wales. The methodology included using the Carstairs Index as a measure of socioeconomic deprivation at the small-area level and the national harmonised classification system for urban and rural areas in England and Wales. Alcohol-related mortality was defined using the National Statistics definition, devised for tracking national trends in alcohol-related deaths. Deaths from liver cirrhosis accounted for 85% of all deaths included in this definition. Deaths from 1999-2003 were examined and 2001 census ward population estimates were used as the denominators. Results: The analysis was based on 28,839 deaths. Alcohol-related mortality rates were higher in men and increased with increasing age, generally reaching peak levels in middle-aged adults. The 45-64 year age group contained a quarter of the total population but accounted for half of all alcohol-related deaths. There was a clear association between alcohol-related mortality and socioeconomic deprivation, with progressively higher rates in more deprived areas. The strength of the association varied with age. Greatest relative inequalities were seen amongst people aged 25-44 years, with relative risks of 4.73 (95% CI 4.00 to 5.59) and 4.24 (95% CI 3.50 to 5.13) for men and women respectively in the most relative to the least deprived quintiles. People living in urban areas experienced higher alcohol-related mortality relative to those living in rural areas, with differences remaining after adjustment for socioeconomic deprivation. Adjusted relative risks for urban relative to rural areas were 1.35 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.52) and 1.13 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.25) for men and women respectively. Conclusions: Large inequalities in alcohol-related mortality exist between sub-groups of the population in England and Wales. These should be considered when designing public health policies to reduce alcohol-related harm

A Chromatin-Mediated Reversible Drug-Tolerant State in Cancer Cell Subpopulations

SummaryAccumulating evidence implicates heterogeneity within cancer cell populations in the response to stressful exposures, including drug treatments. While modeling the acute response to various anticancer agents in drug-sensitive human tumor cell lines, we consistently detected a small subpopulation of reversibly “drug-tolerant” cells. These cells demonstrate >100-fold reduced drug sensitivity and maintain viability via engagement of IGF-1 receptor signaling and an altered chromatin state that requires the histone demethylase RBP2/KDM5A/Jarid1A. This drug-tolerant phenotype is transiently acquired and relinquished at low frequency by individual cells within the population, implicating the dynamic regulation of phenotypic heterogeneity in drug tolerance. The drug-tolerant subpopulation can be selectively ablated by treatment with IGF-1 receptor inhibitors or chromatin-modifying agents, potentially yielding a therapeutic opportunity. Together, these findings suggest that cancer cell populations employ a dynamic survival strategy in which individual cells transiently assume a reversibly drug-tolerant state to protect the population from eradication by potentially lethal exposures.PaperCli