A New Image Encryption Algorithm Based Slicing and Displacement Followed By Symmetric and Asymmetric Cryptography Technique

This paper titled “A New Algorithm for Image Encryption Based on Slicing, Displacement Followed by Symmetric Encryption” is proposed for image encryption by studding the principle of the image encryption algorithm. In this, a new hybrid image encryption algorithm is proposed by analyzing the principle of the encryption algorithm based on the combination of symmetric and asymmetric encryption. The experimental results based on combination of symmetric and asymmetric encryption will approve the effectiveness of the proposed concept, and the combination of symmetric and asymmetric encryption will show large variation in key space and provide high-level security. Proposed algorithm will support to integrity, authorization, accuracy of images which is transmitting in public network. As we know that, an image-based data requires more effort during encryption and decryption. This research introduces a block-based algorithm which is the combination of “Slicing and Displacement of RGB value of a Pixel” and “Block Cipher” base image encryption algorithm. The original image was divided into four equal parts, where each part of image will rearranged into displacement of RGB value of a pixel and then resultant image will divided into pixel blocks. Read binary value of pixel blocks. This binary value will be process by encryption process through binary value of selected key. Now finally encrypted image will be produced. This process will repeat on each parts of image. After that each part will be combining and produce final cipher image. Encryption key will also encrypted by asymmetric key concept so key exchanging problem will not occur in this system. The Proposed Architecture for encryption and decryption of an image using suitable user-defined key is developed. The cipher image generated by this method can be very in size as the original image due to image scaling to make 128 bits block at a time and is suitable for practical use in the secure transmission of confidential information over the Internet. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15053

Energy scavenging using vibrations from bluetooth controlled DC motor

Wide spectrum of research for application-based solutions has grown due to the requirement of automation of general electrical appliances. A low-cost solution is presented in this paper to control DC motor using Bluetooth module and controlled by an ARM processor. The main objective here is to build an efficient closed loop system which is wirelessly controlled by ARM processor 2103 using Bluetooth module and Bluetooth dongle. The system suggested here is expandable and can be integrated with latest technologies as well. The paper gives the details of the prototype for home automation system and gives the expected results with 0.1% tolerance. It also suggests the ways to integrate this system with the mobile phones and hence control the devices with the mobile handsets. The vibration frequency of the DC motor is used to generate electrical potential using MEMS tecnonlogy. A novel idea of self powered DC motor is thus presented by installing MEMS based energy harvester on the motor shaft

Association of SUMOlation Pathway Genes With Stroke in a Genome-wide Association Study in India

OBJECTIVE: To undertake a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic variants for stroke in an Indian population. METHODS: In a hospital-based case-control study, 8 teaching hospitals in India recruited 4,088 participants, including 1,609 stroke cases. Imputed genetic variants were tested for association with stroke subtypes using both single-marker and gene-based tests. Association with vascular risk factors was performed with logistic regression. Various databases were searched for replication, functional annotation, and association with related traits. Status of candidate genes previously reported in the Indian population was also checked. RESULTS: Associations of vascular risk factors with stroke were similar to previous reports and show modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, and alcohol consumption as having the highest effect. Single-marker–based association revealed 2 loci for cardioembolic stroke (1p21 and 16q24), 2 for small vessel disease stroke (3p26 and 16p13), and 4 for hemorrhagic stroke (3q24, 5q33, 6q13, and 19q13) at p < 5 × 10(−8). The index single nucleotide polymorphism of 1p21 is an expression quantitative trait locus (p(lowest) = 1.74 × 10(−58)) for RWDD3 involved in SUMOylation and is associated with platelet distribution width (1.15 × 10(−9)) and 18-carbon fatty acid metabolism (p = 7.36 × 10(−12)). In gene-based analysis, we identified 3 genes (SLC17A2, FAM73A, and OR52L1) at p < 2.7 × 10(−6). Eleven of 32 candidate gene loci studied in an Indian population replicated (p < 0.05), and 21 of 32 loci identified through previous GWAS replicated according to directionality of effect. CONCLUSIONS: This GWAS of stroke in an Indian population identified novel loci and replicated previously known loci. Genetic variants in the SUMOylation pathway, which has been implicated in brain ischemia, were identified for association with stroke

Bio-Repository of DNA in stroke (BRAINS): A study protocol

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Stroke is one of the commonest causes of mortality in the world and anticipated to be an increasing burden to the developing world. Stroke has a genetic basis and identifying those genes may not only help us define the mechanisms that cause stroke but also identify novel therapeutic targets. However, large scale highly phenotyped DNA repositories are required in order for this to be achieved.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The proposed Bio-Repository of DNA in Stroke (BRAINS) will recruit all subtypes of stroke as well as controls from two different continents, Europe and Asia. Subjects recruited from the UK will include stroke patients of European ancestry as well as British South Asians. Stroke subjects from South Asia will be recruited from India and Sri Lanka. South Asian cases will also have control subjects recruited.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>We describe a study protocol to establish a large and highly characterized stroke biobank in those of European and South Asian descent. With different ethnic populations being recruited, BRAINS has the ability to compare and contrast genetic risk factors between those of differing ancestral descent as well as those who migrate into different environments.</p

Ischemic stroke in South Asians: the BRAINS study

Background Studies on stroke in South Asians are sparse. We compared differences in age of onset of ischemic stroke in South Asians living in the UK and those in India with white British stroke patients. Methods We studied the UK and Indian arms of the ongoing international prospective hospital-based study of South Asian stroke (BRAINS study). BRAINS includes 4038 South Asian and white British recruits from UK and Indian sites with first-ever ischemic stroke. Results Of included patients, 1126 were South Asians in India (ISA); 1176 British South Asians (BSA), and: 1736 white British (WB) UK residents. ISA and BSA South Asians suffered stroke 19.5 years and 7.2 years earlier than their WB counterparts, respectively (BSA: 64.3 years IQR: 22 years, vs. ISA: 52.0 years IQR: 18 years, vs. WB: 71.5 years IQR: 19 years, P<0.001). BSA had higher rates of hypertension, diabetes-mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia than ISA and WB stroke victims. Adjusting for traditional stroke risk factors, ISA and BSA continued to display an earlier age of stroke onset of 18.9 years (P<0.001) and 8.9 years (P<0.001), respectively. Following multivariable stepwise linear regression ethnicity accounted for 24.7% of variance of early age onset. Conclusion South Asians living in the UK (BSA) and those living in India (ISA) suffered ischemic stroke ~9 and ~19 years earlier respectively than their white British (WB) counterparts. Ethnicity is an independent predictor of early age onset. Our study has considerable implications for public health policymakers in countries with sizable South Asian populations

Increased prevalence of fractures in inadequately transfused and chelated Indian children and young adults with beta thalassemia major

IntroductionIn patients with beta thalassemia major, inadequate transfusion and chelation may compromise bone health and increase risk of fractures. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of fractures in Indian inadequately transfused and chelated children, adolescents and young adults with beta thalassemia major.MethodsWe studied 179 patients with beta thalassemia (3.6–28.3 years; 105 boys). Medical, transfusion, chelation and fracture history were recorded. Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) was performed using lateral spine images acquired using the GE Lunar iDXA (Wisconsin, MD). Fractures were classified according to an adapted semi-quantitative method.ResultsHistory of non-traumatic long bone fractures was observed in 21% patients (n = 37); there were significantly greater (p < 0.05) number of males (n = 30) than females (n = 15). The 21% fracture prevalence in the present study is higher than the reported fractures of 9% in healthy Indian children and adolescents. The prevalence of vertebral fractures was 4.5% (n = 8) in the study group. Of those with fractures, four patients had both long bone and vertebral fractures, and (any, long bone or vertebral fractures) sixteen patients had more than 1 fracture; eleven patients had 2 fractures, four patients had 3 fractures and one patient had 5 fractures. Thus, in 179 patients, there were a total of 68 single fractures which translates to 307 fractures per 10,000 patient years.ConclusionThis study found increased prevalence of non-traumatic long bone and vertebral fractures in children and adolescents with thalassemia major

Bio-repository of DNA in stroke: a study protocol of three ancestral populations

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the world. Identifying the genes underlying stroke risk may help us to improve our understanding of the mechanisms that cause stroke and also identify novel therapeutic targets. To have sufficient power to disentangle the genetic component of stroke, large-scale highly phenotyped DNA repositories are necessary. The BRAINS (Bio-repository of DNA in stroke) study aims to recruit subjects with all subtypes of stroke as well as controls from UK, India, Sri Lanka and Qatar. BRAINS-UK will include 1500 stroke patients of European ancestry as well as British South Asians. BRAINS-South Asia aims to recruit 3000 stroke subjects and 3000 controls from across India and Sri Lanka. BRAINS-Middle East aims to enrol 1500 stroke patients from Qatar. The controls for BRAINS-Middle East will be recruited from a population-based Qatari Biobank. With the addition of new recruitment centres in India and Qatar, we present an updated version of the BRAINS study protocol. This is the first international DNA biobank for stroke patients and controls from the Middle East. By investigating the influence of genetic factors on stroke risk in European, South Asian and Middle Eastern populations, BRAINS has the potential to improve our understanding of genetic differences between these groups and may lead to new population-specific therapeutic targets

Diabetes mellitus and obesity among South Asians with ischaemic stroke across three countries

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus and central obesity are more common among South Asian populations than among white British people. This study explores the differences in diabetes and obesity in South Asians with stroke living in the UK, India and Qatar compared with white British stroke patients. METHODS: The study included the UK, Indian and Qatari arms of the ongoing large Bio-Repository of DNA in Stroke (BRAINS) international prospective hospital-based study for South Asian stroke. BRAINS includes 4580 South Asian and white British recruits from UK, Indian and Qatar sites with first-ever ischemic stroke. RESULTS: The study population comprises 1751 white British (WB) UK residents, 1165 British South Asians (BSA), 1096 South Asians in India (ISA), and 568 South Asians in Qatar (QSA). ISA, BSA and QSA South Asians suffered from higher prevalence of diabetes compared to WB by 14.5% (ISA 95%CI: 18.6-33.0, PCONCLUSION: South Asian ischaemic stroke patients living in Britain and Qatar have a near 3.5-fold risk of diabetes compared to white British stroke patients. Their body composition may partly help explain that increased risk. These findings have important implications for public health policymakers in nations with large South Asian populations.</p