Small class number fields in the family Q(9m2+4m)\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{9m^2+4m})

We study the class number one problem for real quadratic fields $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{9m^2+ 4m})$, where $m$ is an odd integer. We show that for $m \equiv 1 \pmod 3$ there is only one such field with class number one and only one such field with class number two.Comment: 20 pages. Comments are welcom

Matrix Ranking- An important PRA tool to assess farmers preferences and priorities

Matrix ranking is an important PRA tool to assess and study the preferences of farmers for a particular technology over others, with respect to crop or animal based technologies. The preferences and criteria for the same are also studied in the process. The following study gives a first-hand idea of farmers’ relative preferences for different varieties of rice, mustard, tomato, chilli, garden pea, fish and lac hosts. The results of the matrix ranking for different varieties of rice revealed that, the variety “Arize 6444” was the most preferred one followed by “Abhishek”. “Pusa Mahak” was the leading variety of mustard followed by Pusa Bold. Swarna Sampada is more preferred tomato variety among the farmers. Among fish, “Rohu” was widely preferred by the respondents due to its higher yield, more market demand, resistance to water quality and higher market price

PRA Techniques in Agriculture: Common Diagraming and Mapping Tools

PRA techniques and tools commands paramount importance in bottom up approach of planning and implementation of agricultural programmes. The following paper describes the various PRA techniques used in the study such as Transect, Mobility map, Timeline and Time trend. Apart from PRA, other methods of data collection such as use of semi-structured interview schedule, direct observation and focus group methods were also used to elicit information from the villagers

Discription on a new species of Elasmus westwood (Hymenoptera:Chalcidoidea) with notes on host-parasitic relationship of some Indian species

A new Indian species of Elasmus in described in the sub family Elasminae Eulophidae from Bareilly district (U.P.), with a host parasite list of some species reared from plant hosts such as fig receptacles, fruits and galls. The parasites emerged from galls made by insects mostly belonged to family Encentidae, Aphelimidae, Eulopidae and Brachonidae. Host parasite list in compiled from the catalogue (Verma and Hayat, 1986)

Analyzing Extension and Advisory Service Delivery Dynamics in Nepal through Social Network Analysis Lens: A Comparative Study

Aims: Amid the changes in extension and advisory service delivery after federalism in Nepal. The existing players and new players in the network influence the flow and accessibility of services, providing both opportunities and challenges. However, very few studies have been carried out.  So, this research was designed to analyze the perception and diffusion flow dynamics/pattern (mediators) of public extension and advisory services at the local/municipal level in Nepal. Study Design: A cross-sectional research approach with a convergent parallel mixed-method research design was used. Methodology: A field survey was carried out by selecting 200 stakeholders using a simple random sampling method, 22 key informant interviews, and 4 focus group discussions at Chandragiri and Dakshinkali municipalities. Results: The five-point Likert Scale (13 constructs), social network analysis, and community network map revealed that the EAS network with progressive farmers (CB= 2384.94), agriculture section (CB= 1134.8), input suppliers (CB= 855.21), farmers group (CB= 511.7), and social actors (CB= 452.58) as strong mediators, had a poor perception toward current public extension and advisory services. The EAS network with agriculture section (CB= 2292), farmers group (CB= 2199.5), input suppliers (CB= 584.32,) and progressive farmers (CB= 481.9) as their strong mediators in the EAS network perceive the public EAS slightly positively. Conclusion: The research concludes that the stakeholders often neglected by government institutions but perceived strong mediators in the EAS network must be identified and prioritized for effective service delivery. The study could be a basis for the stakeholders' identification and management in the service delivery framework of public extension and advisory service delivery at the municipal/local level

Exploring the Impact of Patient Quality of Life on Family Caregiver Burden in Palliative Care

Palliative Care (PA) significantly focuses on family caregivers, and it\u27s critical to comprehend the interdependencies among patients, family caregivers, and service providers. Since there aren\u27t many long-term studies that look at how patient Quality of Life (QoL) in PC affects family Caregiver Burden (CB), this research aims to investigate the connection between family CB and patient QoL in PC settings. PC is intended to help patients with severe diseases, but it frequently puts a heavy financial, emotional, and physical burden on family caregivers. 200 data (100 patients, 100 caregivers) were gathered from caregivers of patients receiving PC in a variety of hospital settings using established measures for assessing CB and QoL. The obtained data will be statistically analyzed to determine the association between patient QoL and CB utilizing multiple regression (MR) analysis and Spearman\u27s rank correlation (SRC). The results show that the caregiver\u27s perceived burden is greatly increased by low patient QoL, especially when it comes to physical and emotional health. The findings underscore the need for interventions that take into account the psychological and physical burden on caregivers in addition to the needs of patients. Research improves the knowledge of family caregiver interactions in PC and offers solutions to reduce caregiver stress, including resources to improve patient QoL, psychological support, and respite care

EFFICACY OF PATRA POTTALI SWED & JANUBASTI IN OSTEOARTHRITIS W.S.R. TO KNEE JOINT (JANU-SANDHIVATA)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease in male while it affects female in younger age. Life style play major role in OA. In Osteoarthritis (Sandhigata vata) pain, swelling, restricted movements of joints are common clinical features. The insidious starting is with aching pain in the joint and relieved by the rest. The other associated symptom is stiffness, which aggravated after a long rest and subsides after by active movement. In this trial entitled efficacy of Patra pottli swed & Janubasti in osteoarthritis w.s.r. to knee joint (Janu-sandhivata) Patra pottali swed & janu basti are selected to treat the Osteoarthritis of knee joint (Janu sandhigata vata) for 90 patients. All the 90 patients were divided in three groups of 30 patients in each group with an Patra Pottali Swed (Nirgundi Patra), Janubasti (Dashmooladi tail) & combined therapy (Patra Pottali Swed & Janu basti).Swedan is indicated in Kapha vata pradhan vyadhi. swedan helps in remove stiffness, pain, heaviness and coldness. In this trail both therapy Patra pottali sed and Kati basti have based on Swedan properties. Acharya charak mentioned in Sagni swed (sankar swed) for Pottali seed. Both therapy are special indicate in Group– A (Patra Pottali Swed) & Group – B (Janubasti) are mild beneficial, statistically significant & Group – C (Patra Pottali Swed & Janu basti) is moderate beneficial, statistically highly significant