Which governs - the relationship or the contract?

According to the transaction cost economics literature, a firm’s external contractual relationships must be ‘fit for purpose’. What is a ‘fit for purpose’ contractual relationship should not be a normative decision, but an objective one, to be made with regard to achieving transaction cost efficiency, while defending the core competencies of the firm. Data from a Hong Kong case study is used to examine whether or not the client’s choice of contractual relationship is ‘fit for purpose’ and also to evaluate the impact of such a choice. The findings suggest that maintaining a relationship of high quality as a strategic policy not only reduces recourse to the contract but, also improves the quality and predictability of project performance and, is an antidote to ill-aligned contractual elements. These findings lend support to the growing trend towards relationship or relational contracting in construction

A Survey on True-reputation Algorithm for Trustworthy Online Rating System

The average of customer ratings on a product, which we call a reputation, is one of the key factors in online shoping. The common way for customers to express their satisfaction level with their purchases is through online ratings. The overall buyer?s satisfaction is quantified as the aggregated score of all ratings and is available to all buyers. This average score and reputation of a product acts as a guide for online buyers and highly influences consumer?s final purchase decisions. The trustworthiness of a reputation can be achieved when a large number of buyers involved in ratings with honesty. If some users wantedly give unfair ratings to a item, especially when few users have participated, the reputation of the product could easily be modified. In order to improve the trustworthiness of the products in e-commerce sites a new model is proposed with a true - reputation algorithm that repeatedly adjusts the reputation based on the confidence of the user ratings

A REVIEW ON TOXICITY OF CALOTROPIS (ARKA) AND MANAGEMENT

The herbal medicine occupies distinct position right from ancient period in Ayurveda. Arka (Calotropis) an important drug of Ayurvedic toxicology and therapeutics is known in India from ancient period since Samhitakala. There are two types of Arka mentioned in Ayurveda. Sweata arka (Calotropis gigantea) and Rakta arka (Calotropis procera). Among the two Raktaarka (Calotropis procera) is more toxic and is assumed even more poisonous than cobra venom. Both these plants belong to Asclepiadaceae family and closely resemble each other in chemical and physiological actions. It is included under Bhedaniya (Vagbhata) Vamanopaga, Svedopaga (Caraka), Arkadi, Adhobhagahara, gana (Susruta) and also included under Guduchyadi Osadhi varga. Toxic principals are Uscharin, Calotoxin, Calactin, Calotropin, Calotropage. Ksheera (Milk) being an irritant, neurotoxic and also due to anticholinergic responses cause toxicity and various fatal presentation. Serum containing 3% of Gigantin is highly virulent CSF toxicant. Toxic symptoms are Vanti (vomiting), Rechana (diarrhoea) on ingestion. It exerts caustic (Kshara) effect to the skin on direct contact. It can lead to blindness if its latex is put in to the eyes, causing opacity to the cornea. Ghee is considered to be an antidote for internal usage and external application of Cincha patra kalka. The dried latex and dried root are used as an antidote for snake poisoning in Bagata tribe of Eastern Ghats of Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh. A detailed account of toxic effect of Arka and its descriptions in Ayurveda along with its management have been emphasized in the present review with toxic symptoms, management, medico legal cases and case reports

Storing entanglement of nuclear spins via Uhrig Dynamical Decoupling

Stroboscopic spin flips have already been shown to prolong the coherence times of quantum systems under noisy environments. Uhrig's dynamical decoupling scheme provides an optimal sequence for a quantum system interacting with a dephasing bath. Several experimental demonstrations have already verified the efficiency of such dynamical decoupling schemes in preserving single qubit coherences. In this work we describe the experimental study of Uhrig's dynamical decoupling in preserving two-qubit entangled states using an ensemble of spin-1/2 nuclear pairs in solution state. We find that the performance of odd-order Uhrig sequences in preserving entanglement is superior to both even-order Uhrig sequences and periodic spin-flip sequences. We also find that there exists an optimal length of the Uhrig sequence at which the decoherence time gets boosted from a few seconds to about 30 seconds.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure

Development and histogenesis of human foetal lung in relation with gestational age

Background:The objective was to study the development and histogenesis of human foetal lung in relation with different gestational age.Methods:In the present study lung specimens were collected from formalin fixed 27 aborted foetuses (14 male, 13 female) by abdominal dissection between 6 weeks to 40 weeks of gestational age.Results:In the present study we observed that there was a delay in the appearance of embryonic, pseudo glandular phase, canalicular, terminal saccular and alveolar stages of the lung.Conclusion:Delay in the developmental anatomy and histogenesis of the lung cells leads to histopathological abnormalities which gives knowledge to the clinicians during clinical procedures

Genetic mapping of Z chromosome and identification of W chromosome-specific markers in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

In the silkworm, Bombyx mori, the female is the heterogametic (ZW) sex and the male is homogametic (ZZ). The female heterogamety is a typical situation in the insect order Lepidoptera. Although the W chromosome in silkworm is strongly female determining, no W-linked gene for a morphological character has been found on it. The Z chromosome carries important traits of economic value as well as genes for various phenotypic traits, but only 2% of molecular information based on its relative size is known. Studies conducted so far indicate that the Z-linked genes are not dosage compensated. In the present study, we constructed a genetic map of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fragments (RAPD), simple sequence repeats (SSR), and fluorescent intersimple sequence repeat PCR (FISSR) markers for the Z chromosome using a backcross mapping population. A total of 16 Z-linked markers were identified, characterized, and mapped using od, a recessive trait for translucent skin as an anchor marker yielding a total recombination map of 334.5 cM. The linkage distances obtained suggested that the markers were distributed throughout the Z chromosome. Four RAPD and four SSR markers that were linked to W chromosome were also identified. The proposed mapping approach should be useful to identify and map sex-linked traits in the silkworm. The economic and evolutionary significance of Z- and W-linked genes in silkworm, in particular, and lepidopterans, in general, is discussed

The Network Slicing and Performance Analysis of 6G Networks using Machine Learning

6G technology is designed to provide users with faster and more reliable data  transfer as compared to the current 5G technology. 6G is rapidly evolving and provides a large bandwidth, even in underserved areas. This technology is extremely anticipated and is currently booming for its ability to deliver massive network capacity, low latency, and a highly improved user experience. Its scope is immense, and it’s designed to connect everyone and everything in the world. It includes new deployment models and services with extended user capacity. This study proposes a network slicing simulator that uses hardcoded base station coordinates to randomly distribute client locations to help analyse the performance of a particular base station architecture. When a client wants to locate the closest base station, it queries the simulator, which stores base station coordinates in a K-Dimensional tree. Throughout the simulation, the user follows a pattern that continues until the time limit is achieved. It gauges multiple statistics such as client connection ratio, client count per second, Client count per slice, latency, and the new location of the client. The K-D tree handover algorithm proposed here allows the user to connect to the nearest base stations after fulfilling the required criteria. This algorithm ensures the quality requirements and decides among the base stations the user connects to