The Relationship between Servant Leadership, Affective Commitment: Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Team Effectiveness

The goal of the study was to conduct an analysis of the relationships between servant leadership, affective team commitment, OCB and team effectiveness in the South African school system. A non-probability sample made up of 288 school teachers was drawn from 38 schools in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyse the data. Positive relationships were found between servant leadership and team effectiveness; servant leadership and affective team commitment, affective team commitment and team effectiveness, servant leadership and OCB; affective team commitment and OCB; and OCB and team effectiveness

Brucellosis surveillance and control in Zimbabwe: bacteriological and serological investigation in dairy herds

Brucellosis in dairy cattle is endemic in Zimbabwe. The prevalence continues to be monitored intensively. Only milk and serum samples are routinely screened. Attempts to culture Brucella spp. from clinical specimens are seldom made. Consequently, incidence of various Brucella spp. within Zimbabwe is virtually unknown, despite the high serepositivity reported. This information is paramount in understanding the transmission cycle and is also significant to public health; particularly as B. melitensis infects humans more often than do the other brucellae. This paper describes the results of bacteriological and serological investigations of brucellosis in a dairy farm near Bulawayo. The said farm was selected for the present pilot study because of the high incidence of reported abortion. The milk ring test was employed to test the bulk pooled milk samples once a month for 14 months. The test was recorded highly positive on all 14 occasions. To locate reactors, milk samples from 36 individual cows were similarly tested. Of these, 21 (almost 59 %) were found to be reacting positively. One hundred and seventy-seven animals were marked for serotesting. Of these, 40 (approximately 25 %) showed quite high serum titres (> 1 :360) in both the STT and the Rosebengal test. The farmer was advised to have all abortions fully investigated. However, all the clinical material from cases of abortion, except one, were received in an advanced state of putrefaction. From this, Brucella was isolated on culture from stomach contents and cotyledons. The isolates from both the sites were characterized in detail, employing dye inhibition, phagetyping; the oxidative metabolic test and agglutination with monospecific sera. Both the isolates belonged to B. abortus biovar I, which was confirmed by the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Weybridge. The significance of isolation and the need to intensify similar studies have been discussed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat X Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

The impact of foreign direct investment, foreign aid and trade on poverty reduction : evidence from Sub-Saharan African countries

Abstract:Despite postulations on the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign aid, and trade on growth, empirical evidence from extant research has been mixed. The focus of recent research has shifted from the growth effects of these international flows to their poverty reduction effects. However, results have also been mixed. Most studies have examined the empirical evidence of these flows separately and have mostly conducted single country studies. In this study, we use data from twenty-nine countries in Sub-Saharan Africa between the period 1990–2017 to analyze the effects of FDI, trade, and foreign aid on poverty reduction in a single model using the Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) technique. Our results show that FDI and foreign aid have a negative effect on poverty reduction in the countries studied. These results suggest that the level of FDI required to alleviate poverty has not been reached, and foreign aid have not been properly channeled. However, the results show that trade has a positive and significant impact on poverty reduction, especially in low-income countries. We conclude with policy recommendations

Cooking fuels and respiratory symptoms in kitchen workers in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania

Few studies on a possible association between cooking fumes from different fuels and respiratory diseases other than cancer have been reported earlier. In the present study, an attempt was made to find out various respiratory symptoms in 360 kitchen workers using different cooking fuels. The study was conducted between October 2009 and March 2010 and consisted of 234 females and 126 males. The kitchen workers from 104 selected kitchens in hotels, fast food restaurants, institution, food vendors and in households of the general population were interviewed using a questionnaire. Information on the presence of dry cough, productive cough, running nose, irritation of nose or eyes, and chest pain in connection with work were asked. The overall respiratory symptoms were observed in 68.9% of the surveyed kitchen workers. With the exception of dry cough, females encountered 61.54% of productive cough, 57.69% running nose, and 71.28% irritation of nose or eyes. Chest pain and irritation of nose and eyes were more common in kitchen workers that use biomass fuel, charcoal and/or kerosene than other cooking fuels. The results of the study indicate a significant relationship (p < 0.05) between use of different cooking fuels and respiratory symptoms. However, further studies are needed to support the present results.© 2010 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Kitchen work; cooking fuels; Respiratory infection; Cook