Prevalence of Vascular Trauma and Related Factors in Iran: A Systematic Review

Background: Managing patients with Vascular Trauma (VT) is essential. This study aimed todetermine the prevalence of VT and its related factors in Iran.Methods: This systematic review was performed by two skilled researchers. To access all thePersian and English articles on VT and its influencing factors (from 2000 to August 2019),in addition to Google Scholar search engine, other international databases, such as PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Web of Science (ISI), anddomestic databases, such as Magiran, IranDoc, National Library of Iran Organization, SID,and Barakatkns were used. Data analysis was conducted by MA (CMA) software.Results: The incidence of lower Lower Vascular Trauma (LVI) trauma was equal to 58.4(95%CI: 41.1-73.8) (I2= 94.67, Q=112.57, P<0.001); the prevalence of upper LVI trauma wasmeasured to be 31.5 (95%CI: 17.7-49.7) (I2=94.48, Q=108.70, P<0.001); the prevalence ofpenetrating trauma was calculated as 61.3 (95% CI: 49.5-71.9); the prevalence of ulnar nerveinjury equaled 9.8 (95%CI: 2.8-28.6); the prevalence of radial nerve trauma was equal to 7.7(95%CI: 1.2-35.4); the prevalence of death cases was reported as 12.3 (95%CI: 5.1-26.9);the prevalence of amputation rate was observed as 8.8 (95%CI: 5.7-13.4); the prevalenceof fasciotomy rate was equal to 22.2 (95%CI: 13.2-34.5); the prevalence of complete arterycutting equaled 55.7 (95% CI: 35.4-74.3),and the prevalence of incomplete artery cutting wasmeasured as 25.5 (95%CI: 12.1-45.9).Conclusion: According to the study results, VT has led to various complications in patients;thus, it is critical to provide the necessary conditions to preserve the patient’s life and preventlife-threatening complications. Such goals could be achieved by preventing this type of traumaand its related complications

Species of Superfamily Aphelenchoidea (Nematoda: Rhabditida) Associated with (Crocus sativus, Berberis vulgaris, Ziziphus zizyphus) from South Khorasan Province

Introduction: South Khorasan province is the main area for production of Berberis vulgaris (family), Crocus sativus (family) and Ziziphus zizyphus (family). Nematodes belong to superfamily Aphelenchoidea are easy to be identified by the size of the body, stylet without knobs, large median bulb, long overlapping on the intestine and placement of the vulva in the posterior part of body. In this survey, we identified nematodes belong the superfamily Aphelenchoidea in these three important plant. Four species of genus Aphelenchoides and one species of each genus Aphelenchus, Aprutides and Ektaphelenchoides were identified. Among them, two species Aphelenchoides lichenicola and A. varicaudatus are new records for Iranian nematofauna. Materials and Methods: Soil sampling: 360 soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of three important yields (B. vulgaris, C. sativus and Z. zizyphus) in south Khorasan province. Samples were taken from the depth of 5-40 cm different points with a soil auger, put in polyethylene bags with necessary labeling and brought to the laboratory, kept in the refrigerator at 4 °C, until processed. Processing of samples and Preparation of slides: Nematodes were extracted from soil samples using the Jenkins (1964) and Whitehead (1965) method. They were then handpicked, killed and fixed according to De Grisse (1969) method. Genera and species were identified based on morphological and morphometerical characters by valid keys and references. Measurements and drawings: Measurements were done with an ocular micrometer of “Olympus” model microscope Results and Discussion: This survey resulted in 10 species belong to superfamily Aphelenchoidea which two species of them are new for Iranian nematode fauna. Aphelenchoides lichenicola and A. varicaudatus are new records from South Khorasan province. lichenicola characterized by: Body straight to slightly arcuate ventrally. Lip region rounded, offset by constriction. Transverse striae of cuticle faint, about 0.8 µm apart near mid-body. Lateral fields with four incisures, inner ones faint. Stylet about 9.5-10.5 µm, conus 42-44% of stylet length. Median oesophageal bulb oval to somewhat rectangular with rounded corners, offset from procorpus. Oesophageal glands dorsal to intestine, extending to 46-58µm. Nerve ring just behind isthmus. Excretory pore opposite or close to posterior margins of nerve ring. Vulva a transverse slit, raised. Vagina usually directed anteriorly. Ovary outstretched, with a single row of oocytes. Post-vulval uterine sac half or more of vulva-anus distance. Vulval-anus distance 127-211 µm. Rectum about 1.5 times anal body-width long. Tail elongate-conoid with terminus bearing a ventral somewhat stellate projection whose axial ray is more prominent than the others. Varicaudatus characterized by: The elongate body is slightly curved ventrally when killed by heat. Lip region distinctly offset with rounded sides and flattened anteriorly. Cuticular annulations are fine. Lateral fields with four incisures. Stylet 12.5-14 µm long with small basal thickenings. Median oesophageal bulb roundly rectangular just slightly longer than wide. Excretory pore placed in 63-75.5µm from the anterior end. Nerve ring behind the Excretory pore. Vagina slopes forward into the body. Reproductive tract with a single anterior ovary which is often reflexed, sometimes almost back to the beginning of the ovary. Post vulval sac prominent, extending one third to half the vulva to anus distance. Tail terminus variable, sometimes bifid, often with the dorsal process decreased to give an angular indented region adjacent to the longer ventral mucro, occasionally the tail terminus tapers gradually to a terminal mucro

Complications of Central Venous Catheter Insertion in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Regarding the prevalence of chronic renal disease and CVC (central venous catheterization) complications, this systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of CVC complications in Iran.Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol, all Iran and international databases from 2000 to 2019 were investigated using keywords of fever during or after dialysis, redness of the catheter insertion site, swelling, tenderness (touch sensitivity), infection, thrombosis, inadequate catheter (catheter malfunction), hemothorax, and pus outflow (pus drainage). The search was conducted by two members of the research team (MB, AT). In case of any disagreement between them, the quality of the investigation was examined by the third person (AB). In the present study, we analyzed data using comprehensive meta-analysis software.Results: According to this study’s findings, 12 articles with a total sample of 1395 patients were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Our findings were as follows: the prevalence of hemodialysis infection was 26.6% (95%CI: 16.2%–40.6%) (I2=95.5, P<0.001, Q=236.66), the prevalence of thrombosis was 18.3% (95%CI: 11.2%-28.6%), and the prevalence of inadequate catheter (catheter malfunction) was 16.1% (95%CI: 9.2%-26.7%).Conclusion: The prevalence of CVC complications was significant in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, appropriate interventions should be provided to reduce these complications