Aplikasi Probiotik untuk Ternak Itik

Salah satu USAha untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan pakan atau menurunkan Feed Convertion Ratio (FCR) dan memperbaiki penampilan produksi ternak unggas antara lain dengan menambahkan berbagai imbuhan pakan seperti enzim dan antibiotik. Saat ini penggunaan antibiotik dalam ransum ternak telah dibatasi karena residunya memberikan efek samping terhadap konsumen, sehingga dicari feed additif lain yang aman seperti probiotik. Probiotik dapat merubah ekosistem mikroba pencernaan selain itu juga menghasilkan antibiotik alami, sehingga berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan dan kinerja inang. Penggunaan probiotik sudah banyak diterapkan untuk ayam, namun pada ternak itik masih sedikit. Penelitian dan penggunaan probiotik sebagai pakan imbuhan masih perlu ditingkatkan agar diperoleh teknik produksi yang efisien dan praktis dan dapat diaplikasikan sehingga mampu memberikan dampak ekonomis terhadap industri peternakan. Probiotik memberikan pengaruh yang baik terhadap itik diantaranya meningkatkan kesehatan dan menurunkan rasio konversi ransum

Peningkatan Kualitas Campuran Kulit Pisang Dengan Ampas Tahu Melalui Fermentasi Dengan Phanerochaete Chrysosporium Dan Neurospora Crassa Sebagai Pakan Ternak

Banana peel can be used as an alternative feed based on the potential availability and nutritional. The experiments were conducted to improve the nutrient quality of Banana Peel and Tofu Waste mixture (BPTW) by using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Neurospora crassa. This substrate consists of banana peel 70% and tofu waste 30%. The experiment was performed in 3 treatment completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 replicates. The treatments were : A= fermentation BPTW by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Neurospora crassa (1:1), B = fermentation BPTW by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Neurospora crassa (2:1), and C = fermentation BPTW by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Neurospora crassa (1:2). Measured variables were Crude Fiber (CF), Crude Protein (CP), Nitrogen Retention and CF digestion. The result of the research showed that the treatment affected significantly (p<0.01) reduced CF and increased CP, nitrogen retention and CF digestion. In conclusion, fermentation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Neurospora crassa (2:1) was the best treatment for improving banana peel and tofu waste nutrient qualit

Effect of The Balance Energy and Protein Ration on the Growth of Pitalah Duck Which is Given Probiotic of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

The purpose of this study is to determine the balance of energy and protein in the ration which is given probiotic of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the performance of Pitalah duck. This experiment was using a group-randomized design with a 3x3 factorial pattern with three groups of body weight as replications and two factors. Factor A is energy level (2800, 2700, and 2600 kcal/kg), Factor B is protein level (18, 17, and 16%). Feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion were measured. The results showed that combination of the energy level and the protein level as well as the interaction of both factors are significant (P<0.01) towards feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion. It can be concluded that the combination of energy and protein with administering Bacillus amyloliquefaciens probiotic can decrease 3.57% energy needed on duck ration and decrease 5.56% protein needed with 2700 kcal/kg energy balance and 18% protein in the ration

Pengaruh Imbangan Energi dan Protein Ransum Terhadap Pertumbuhan Itik Pitalah Yang Diberi Probiotik Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keseimbangan energi dan protein dalam ransum yang disuplementasi dengan probiotik Bacillus amyloliquefaciens terhadap performa itik Pitalah. Pernelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial 3 x 3 dengan 3 kelompok bobot badan sebagai  ulangan. Faktor A adalah level energi yaitu : 2800, 2700, dan 2600 kkal/kg dan faktor B adalah level protein yaitu: 18, 17, dan 16%. Peubah yang diamati adalah konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan dan konversi ransum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi yang berbeda sangat nyata (P<0.01) antara level energi dan level protein terhadap konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, dan konversi ransum. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini adalah dengan pemberian probitik Bacillus amyloliquefaciens dapat menurunkan kebutuhan energi ransum itik sebesar 3.57% dan menurunkan kebutuhan protein sebesar 5.56%  dengan imbangan energi 2700 kkal dan protein 17% dalam ransum

Pengaruh Penggunaan Produk Fermentasi Rumput Laut Turbinaria murayana dalam Ransum terhadap Organ Pencernaan dan Aksesori Broiler

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh dari penggunaan produk fermentasi rumput laut Turbinaria murayana menggunakan mikroorganisme lokal (MOL) dari limbah buah-buahan dalam ransum terhadap organ pencernaan dan aksesori broiler. Materi penelitian adalah produk fermentasi rumput laut Turbinaria murayana, dan bahan-bahan penyusun ransum yaitu: jagung giling, bungkil kedelai, tepung ikan, dedak halus, tepung tulang dan minyak kelapa. Rancangan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan level penggunaan produk fermentasi rumput laut Turbinaria murayana yaitu: 0, 5, 10, 15, dan 20% dalam susunan ransum broiler. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Parameter yang diamati yaitu: organ pencernaan (tembolok, proventrikulus, dan ventrikulus) dan organ aksesori (hati, jantung, pankreas, dan limfa). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh berbeda tidak nyata (P<0,05) dalam penggunaan produk fermentasi rumput laut Turbinaria murayana MOL limbah buah-buahan dengan level berbeda dalam susunan ransum broiler terhadap organ pencernaan (tembolok, proventrikulus, dan ventrikulus), dan organ aksesori (jantung, hati, pancreas dan limfa). Penggunaan produk fermentasi rumput laut Turbinaria murayana dalam susunan ransum sampai level 20% dapat digunakan tanpa mengganngu kerja dan fungsi organ pencernaan dan aksesori broiler

Pt-Ru Catalysts supported on mesoporous carbons for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Pt-Ru electrocatalysts supported on xerogels and CMK-3 ordered mesoporous carbons were synthesized by reduction with formate ions (SFM method). Some of the carbon supports were chemically treated with HNO3 in order to generate oxygen groups on the surface, while other supports were heat treated. Physical characterization of the catalyst was obtained using X-ray dispersive energy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Results showed that Pt-Ru catalysts with similar metal content (20%) and atomic ratios (Pt:Ru 1:1) were obtained. The electrochemical activity was studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Higher methanol oxidation current densities were found for catalyst deposited on chemically treated supports. Electrode preparation and MEA assembly allowed an in-house built direct methanol fuel to be fitted with the synthesized catalysts and supports in order to assess their performance. Cell and reactants were conditioned by a direct methanol test station. Polarisation curves were measured and confirmed data obtained by voltammetry, regarding the effect of heat treatment of the carbon support. Normalised power curves per weight of catalyst are discussed in terms of the significant impact on noble metal loading and attained cell maximum power, in comparison with results obtained with a commercial catalyst

Influence of catalyst support characteristics and functionalization on the catalytic activity of Pt-Ru for PEM fuel cells

Pt-Ru electrocatalysts supported on carbon xerogels and ordered mesoporous carbons were synthesized by reduction with formate ions (SFM method). Chemical and heat treatments were applied to modified the surface chemistry of original carbon supports. Physical characterization of the catalysts was performed using X-ray dispersive energy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, while the electrochemical activity towards methanol oxidation was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Pt-Ru catalysts with nominal metal content (20 wt.%) and atomic ratios (Pt:Ru 1:1) were successfully synthesized on the different supports. Higher methanol oxidation current densities were obtained for those supports with a higher content of surface oxygen groups. Gas diffusion electrode and membrane-electrode-assembly preparation allowed an in-house built of a direct methanol fuel monocell for the evaluation of the catalysts performance. Polarization curves were measured confirming the results obtained in a three electrodes electrochemical cell by CV. Normalized power curves per weight of Pt are discussed in terms of the significant impact on noble metal loading and attained cell maximum power, in comparison with results obtained with a commercial catalyst

(Review) Potensi, Faktor Pembatas dan Pengolahan Rumput Laut Coklat (Phaeophyceae) sebagai Pakan Ayam Petelur

Tulisan ini dibuat untuk mengetahui potensi, faktor pembatas, dan pengolahan rumput laut coklat (Phaeophyceae) sebagai pakan ayam petelur. Rumput laut coklat (Phaeophyceae) adalah rumput laut yang mengandung pigmen klorofil a, karotin, xanthofil dan fukosantin, pigmen yang dominan adalah fukosantin yang menutupi warna lainnya dan menyebabkan rumput laut ini kelihatan berwarna coklat. Rumput laut coklat memiliki potensi sebagai bahan pakan ayam petelur karena ketersediaan yang melimpah, tidak bersaing dengan kebutuhan manusia, mengandung zat-zat nutrisi, tidak bersifat toksik, kaya asam lemak omega 3, mengandung pigmen fukosantin, alginat dan fukoidan. Faktor pembatas penggunaan rumput laut ini, yaitu 1) Kandungan nutrisi dan kualitas: alginat tinggi, protein rendah, dan energi rendah; 2) Kandungan anti nutrisi: kadar garam tinggi dan phlorotannin; 3) Penanganan dan pengolahan: membutuhkan berbagai pengolahan khusus sebelum digunakan sebagai pakan ternak. Faktor-faktor pembatas tersebut dapat diatasi dengan perlakuan fisik (pencucian, pengeringan, autoklaf, perebusan dan freezing), fermentasi dan penambahan enzim dalam pakan sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan zat nutrisi dan mendetoksifikasi senyawa antinutrisi. Rumput laut coklat (Phaeophyceae) memiliki potensi sebagai bahan pakan penyusun ransum ayam petelur

Coulomb excitation of exotic nuclei at the R3B-LAND setup

Exotic Ni isotopes have been measured at the R3B-LAND setup at GSI in Darmstadt, using Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics at beam energies around 500 MeV/u. As the experimental setup allows kinematically complete measurements, the excitation energy was reconstructed using the invariant mass method. The GDR and additional low-lying strength have been observed in 68Ni, the latter exhausting 4.1(1.9)% of the E1 energy-weighted sum rule. Also, the branching ratio for the non-statistical decay of the excited 68Ni nuclei was measured and amounts to 24(4)%.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures. Invited Talk given at the 11th International Conference on Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (NN2012), San Antonio, Texas, USA, May 27-June 1, 2012. To appear in the NN2012 Proceedings in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS