Anatomical study of nutrient foramen in lower limb dry long bones

Background: Nutrient artery gain access through nutrient foramen and provide vascular supply to bone. Number, size and location of nutrient foramen has significant medical as well as surgical importance. Any insult to nutrient artery during surgical procedure or during trauma may lead to devascualarization or poor prognosis.Methods: The present study consist of 50 femurs, 50 tibia and 50 fibula, collected from department of anatomy, BPKIHS. Mean length of bone, number, position and size and foraminal index of nutrient foramen was observed and recorded accordingly.Results: In femur 62% bone shows single nutrient foramen. Nutrient foramen was commonly located in medial lip of linea aspera and in upper third of bone which was noted in 80% of bone. In tibia 82% of total bone shows single foramen with absent of foramen in 6% bone. Foramen was commonly located above the soleal line and middle third of bone which was noted in 56% of bone. In fibula 6% of total bone shows absent of nutrient foramen and majority of bone shows single nutrient foramen (82%). Foramen was commonly located in lower part of posterior surface (60%) and in middle third of bone.Conclusions: This study provides details topographic knowledge about nutrient foramen which is important clinically for proper planning of surgery and its outcome

Simple Acrylic Color Technique for the Preparation of Wet Specimen in Anatomy Museum

INTRODUCTION: The subject anatomy is an essential subject in medical college for students and museum with attractive, an innovative colored specimen with well-labeled specimen aids a pivotal role for teaching and learning process. Once the specimen has been selected for coloring, undergoes fixation, acrylic paint coloring, plastic bottle mounting and proper labeling for better visualization of the structure. MATERIALS & METHOD: We have utilized a simple acrylic color method for painting the gross specimen available for teaching and learning process from well-embalmed cadavers. The materials required are acrylic color paint, brush, clear nail polish, glycerin, clear plastic bottle, 10% formaldehyde and can be performed at room temperature. RESULT: The acrylic coloring technique of wet specimen makes specimen attractive which is cost-effective, non-toxic, creates great interest and aids long term memory to the student. CONCLUSION: The acrylic painted wet gross specimen with clear plastic bottle mounting remains stable in 10% formalin without color fading and makes students a better understanding of the subject.   KEYWORDS: Color specimen, Anatomy museum preparation, Acrylic painting, Plastic mountin

A Students’ Perception in Learning Human Anatomy Towards Dissection or Prosection

Introduction: Cadaveric dissection has been used as a traditional method of teaching and learning for many years. With time, changes in the medical curriculum have reduced the time for anatomy learning and seeking alternative methodologies moving away from traditional learning. With the introduction of new methodology and technology, the question arises whether it is still effective enough to follow the old traditional mode of teaching and learning. With ever-changing medical education, it is important to recognize students' perceptive and attitudes toward learning different methods. Therefore, this study aimed to determine students’ perception towards prosection and dissection in learning anatomy. Methods: The first-year medical students were included in the study. The study was carried out after a series of lectures as per the curriculum. The students were divided into four groups. Each group dissected the cadaver followed by observation of the prosected cadaver explained by the faculty. Questionnaires were prepared related to dissection and prosection and sent to the students using google form. The students' perception towards dissection and prosection was recorded. The results were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. The percentage of students opting for dissection and prosection was calculated. Results: The majority of students (82.5%) preferred dissection over prosection, 2.6% opted for prosection over dissection and 14.9% were still not sure which method of teaching and learning is favorable. Conclusion: The study reflected the traditional method of dissection was more favorable to students while alternative methods can also provide better insight to learning

Effect of vitamin E on cypermethrin induced toxicity in cerebrum of wistar albino rats: A histological study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUNDS: Cypermethrin, class II pyrethroid pesticides, is commonly used in agricultural field and house pest controls. Cypermethrin leads to neurotoxicity by crossing blood brain barrier, inducing oxygen stress in brain tissue. Vitamin-E is an antioxidant, involving in protecting membrane stability against free radicals induced peroxidants. This study was conducted to see protective effect of vitamin-E on cypermethrin induced toxicity. METHODOLOGY: Fifty healthy wistar albino rats of either sex weighing 150-200 grams were randomly selected & divided into five groups. Rats in first group served as control. Rats in second and fourth group were given cypermethrin orally at 20 mg/kg/BW for 14 and 28 days respectively. Rats in third and fifth group were give cypermethrin plus vitamin-E 2.5 ml/kg/BW orally for 14 and 28 days respectively. Rats were sacrificed and brain was removed. Tissue processing was done. Histological analysis was carried out and statistical analysis was performed by use of SPSS. RESULT: Cypermethrin treated rats showed decreased body and brain weight with severe neuronal vacuolation and decrease glial cell. While cypermethrin plus vitamin-E treated group showed increased body and brain weight, with normal glial cell and mild neuronal changes were observed. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that cypermethrin in combination with vitamin-E minimized its harmful effect which was evidenced by improving body and brain weight gain and histological changes. KEYWORDS: Cypermethrin, Vitamin-E, Cerebrum, Central Nervous System, Glial cell.