97 research outputs found

    Diospyro-Kyayetlia Senegalensis ord. nov. in the regional "Parc W" of river Niger

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    Les végétations arbustives des voisinages des cours d’eau ont été étudiées à partir de 34 relevés phytosociologiques réalisés entre septembre 2001 et décembre 2003, en utilisant la méthode phytosociologique de Braun Blanquet. Deux associations végétales en sont décrites: Feretio-Khayetum senegalensis et Celtido-Diospyroetum mespiliformis. Une alliance nouvelle et un ordre nouveau sont créés pour les regrouper. Il s’agit du Feretio-Khayion senegalensis et du Diospyro-Khayetalia senegalensis. Cet ordre rassemble les groupements vallicoles de la zone de transition soudano sahélienne et est considéré comme vicariante géographique du Pterygotetalia Lebrun et Gilbert 1954. Aussi, le Diospyro-Khayion senegalensis all. nov est consirédéré comme vicariante géographique du Khayo-Pterygotion Schmitz 1950 et du Psychotrio-Tecleion Schmitz 1971. Mots clés: Diospyro-Khayetalia senegalensis, Diospyro-Khayion senegalensis, Parc Régional du W du fleuve NigerThe shrubby vegetation close to water bodies was documented and analysed by 34 phytosciological observations, beginning September 2001 to December 2003; the Braun Blanquet phytoecological method was used. Two vegetative associations were depicted: Feretio-Khayetum senegalensis and Celtido-Diospyroetum mespiliformis. To regroup them, a new alliance and a new order were created. They consisted of Feretio-Khayion senegalensis and Diospyro-Kyayetalia senegalensis. This order assembled the in valley groupings of the transitional sudano sahelian zone and was considered as a geographic variance of Pterygotetalia Lebrun and Gilbert 1954. As well as the Diospyro-Khayion senegalensis all. nova was considered as a geographic variance of Khayo-Pterygotion Schmitz 1950 and of Psychotrio-Tecleion Schmitz 1971. Key words: Diospyro-Khayetalia senegalensis, Diospyro-Khayion senegalensis, W Regional Park of Niger Rive

    Analyse De L’état De La Diversité Floristique Des Plateaux Suivant Un Gradient D’aridité Nord- Sud Dans La Réserve De Biosphère Du W Du Niger

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    Introduction: In Niger, the degradation of ecosystems leads to a loss of biodiversity and an increase in the adverse effects of climate change, especially in the ecosystems contracted from the plateaux of the Niger W biosphere reserve. Objective: The objective of this study is to characterize the spatial variability of the flora according to the north-south rainfall gradient of the reserve. Methodology: Phytosociological surveys, an ascending hierarchical classification and a canonical analysis of correspondences between plant groups and environmental factors. Results-Discussion: The 126 inventoried species have 88 dicotyledons, 28 woody species, and 98 herbaceous species. The most common families are: Poaceae (21.42%), Fabaceae (12.69%), Rubiaceae (7.14%) and Convolvulaceae (6.34%). The biological spectrum is dominated by therophytes then microphanerophytes. The world chorology is marked by African species followed by palaeotropics or pantropicales, and at the African level, Sudano-Zambezian species are the most frequent. The presence of intermediate species (GC-SZ and GC-SZ-SahS) is noted. From north to south, 3 groups of plants were highlighted: the group with Sida cordifolia and Guiera senegalensis whose phytodiversity is reduced; Group II consisting of the subgrouping with Combretum nigricans and Microchloa indica and the subgrouping with Combretum micranthum and Gardenia sokotensis floristically rich, with however a regeneration dominated by Guiera senegalensis; grouping with Loudetia togoensis and Acacia macrostachya, in good state of conservation. Conclusion: The study made it possible to characterize floristically the various landscapes along the rainfall and anthropic gradient. Thus, in view of the structures of the stands observed, the distribution of floristic diversity increases according to a gradient of decreasing aridity from the periphery to the internal part of the reserve. From the north to the south there is a degraded part, a part gradually invaded by Guiera senegalensis and another well preserved. This work, which provides an overview of the state of conservation of the floristic diversity of the Niger W Biosphere Reserve, allows taking appropriate measures to safeguard our plant resources

    Évaluation de Stocks de Semence de Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. Rich. (Ebenaceae): Une Espèce en Forte Régression au Niger

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    Les graines sont les Ă©lĂ©ments indispensables dans la dispersion et le renouvellement des individus d’une espèce. De la qualitĂ© et surtout de la quantitĂ© de ses graines dĂ©pendent la dynamique d’une population surtout ligneuse. L'objectif est d'Ă©valuer les stocks des semences de D.mespiliformis dans les sols afin de contribuer Ă  la maĂ®trise des contraintes liĂ©es Ă  sa rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration naturelleAinsi un Ă©chantillon de 265 arbres adultes dans les zones de prĂ©sence de l’espèce a Ă©tĂ© pris pour cette Ă©tude le long de quatre cours d’eau du Niger (Dargol, Goulbi N’kaba, Goulbi Maradi, Gouroubi). L’évaluation des stocks de graines du sol rĂ©vèle 42 graines/m2 avec le pourcentage de graines pleines variant entre 73,98 % Ă  Goroubi et 95,94% dans les champs dunaires de Goulbi Maradi. Au total, 83 % de graines rĂ©coltĂ©es sont pures avec une viabilitĂ© moyenne de 95 %. Ce stock est nĂ©cessaire et est suffisant pour assurer la dynamique progressive de population de l’ébène d’Afrique.   Seeds are indispensable in the dispersal and renewal of a particular species. The quantity and quality of these seeds depend on the dynamics of a predominantly woody population. The objective is to assess seed stocks in soils so as to contribute to the knowledge of the difficulties related to natural regeneration of D. mespiliformis. A sample of 265 adult trees were taken from the species for this study along four rivers of Niger (Dargol, Goulbi kaba, Goulbi Maradi, Gouroubi). The evaluation of the soil seed stocks reveals 42 seeds/m2 with the percentage of full seeds varying between 73.98% in Goroubi and 95.94 % in the dune fields of Goulbi Maradi. 83% of seeds harvested are pure with an average viability of 95%. This stock is necessary and sufficient to allow the progressive population dynamics of african ebony

    Effet De Prétraitements, De Substrats Et De Stress Hydriques Sur La Germination Et La Croissance Initiale De Diospyros Mespiliformis Hochst. Ex A.DC

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    This study is on the seeding and the initial growth of a food species, Diospyros mespiliformis, in Niger. Diospyros mespiliformis is an overexploited food species in Niger. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal conditions for germination and seedling growth of this species. In doing so, seed germination tests were conducted in petri dishes laboratory and seedling growth survey respectively. Also, the nursery was done using bags. The treatments involve the seed staying in warm water for 1, 3, 5, 7 days; scalding; and mechanical scarification. In the nursery, the substrates used are alluvial soil and alluvial soil mixed in 1/4, 1/3, and 1/2 of organic manure. As a result, the growth monitoring is done on plants kept in the shade. Others were exposed to the sun for 12 months by applying water stress (watering every day; 2 and 1 times per week; and without watering). Thus, the germination capacity is 55, 4% without treatment and it reached 74% by scalding. The conservation makes it reduce to 43% after 6 months and 25% after 1 year. In the nursery, the emergence rate is 52,8 % in alluvial soil, but it reduced to 10% in the substrate (soil 1/2 and 1/2 fertilizers). D. mespiliformis growth is slow during cold weather and becomes fast during hot weather. When the weather is shady or sunny, this species supports four months of drought by developing a significant root system. D. mespilformis can be used for afforestation

    Diospyro-Khayetalia senegalensis ord. nov. dans le Parc RĂ©gional du W du fleuve Niger

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    The shrubby vegetation close to water bodies was documented and analysed by 34 phytosciological observations, beginning September 2001 to December 2003; the Braun Blanquet phytoecological method was used. Two vegetative associations were depicted: Feretio-Khayetum senegalensis and Celtido-Diospyroetum mespiliformis. To regroup them, a new alliance and a new order were created. They consisted of Feretio-Khayion senegalensis and Diospyro-Kyayetalia senegalensis. This order assembled the in valley groupings of the transitional sudano sahelian zone and was considered as a geographic variance of Pterygotetalia Lebrun and Gilbert 1954. As well as the Diospyro-Khayion senegalensis all. nova was considered as a geographic variance of Khayo-Pterygotion Schmitz 1950 and of Psychotrio-Tecleion Schmitz 1971.Les végétations arbustives des voisinages des cours d’eau ont été étudiées à partir de 34 relevés phytosociologiques réalisés entre septembre 2001 et décembre 2003, en utilisant la méthode phytosociologique de Braun Blanquet. Deux associations végétales en sont décrites: Feretio-Khayetum senegalensis et Celtido-Diospyroetum mespiliformis. Une alliance nouvelle et un ordre nouveau sont créés pour les regrouper. Il s’agit du Feretio-Khayion senegalensis et du Diospyro-Khayetalia senegalensis. Cet ordre rassemble les groupements vallicoles de la zone de transition soudano sahélienne et est considéré comme vicariante géographique du Pterygotetalia Lebrun et Gilbert 1954. Aussi, le Diospyro-Khayion senegalensis all. nov est consirédéré comme vicariante géographique du Khayo-Pterygotion Schmitz 1950 et du Psychotrio-Tecleion Schmitz 1971

    Caractéristiques Phytoécologiques des Groupements Végétaux Ligneux des Formations Naturelles à Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. dans le Centre-Est du Niger

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    Les connaissances sur l’organisation spatiale et de la composition floristique des Ă©cosystèmes forestiers sont importantes pour les politiques d’amĂ©nagement et de conservation. Ce travail vise Ă  caractĂ©riser les formations naturelles Ă  Balanites aegyptiaca. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es au moyen des relevĂ©s phytosociologiques installĂ©s de façon alĂ©atoire dans les agrosystèmes et les formations naturelles. Au total, 27 espèces ligneuses ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©es. Quatre groupements vĂ©gĂ©taux ont Ă©tĂ© discriminĂ©s dont le groupement Ă  Balanites aegyptiaca et Vachellia tortilis, le groupement Ă  Balanites aegyptiaca et Cordia sinensis, le groupement Ă  Balanites aegyptiaca et Piliostigma reticulatum et le groupement Ă  Balanites aegyptiaca et Senegalia senegal. Ces groupements sont sous la dĂ©pendance de certaines variables environnementales telles que les types d’occupation et la texture du sol. Le nombre d’espèces par groupement varie de 8 Ă  21 et l’indice de Shannon varie de 1,29 Ă  2,61 bits. Ces valeurs indiquent que les groupements sont faiblement diversifiĂ©s. L’abondance des MicrophanĂ©rophytes et des espèces de la famille des Fabaceae traduise l’appartenance de ces sites au climat aride. L’abondance des espèces Ă  large distribution sur les types phytogĂ©ographiques confirme l’ariditĂ© climatique et la perturbation du milieu.   Knowledge of the spatial organization and floristic composition of forest ecosystems is important for planning and conservation policies. This work aims to characterize the natural formations of Balanites aegyptiaca. The data were collected by means of phytosociological surveys installed randomly in agrosystems and natural formations. A total of 27 woody species have been identified. Four plant groups were discriminated among which the grouping with Balanites aegyptiaca and Vachellia tortilis, the grouping with Balanites aegyptiaca and Cordia sinensis, the grouping with Balanites aegyptiaca and Piliostigma reticulatum and the grouping with Balanites aegyptiaca and Senegalia senegal. These groupings are dependent on certain environmental variables such as types of occupation and soil texture. The number of species per group ranges from 8 to 21 and the Shannon index ranges from 1.29 to 2.61 bits. These values indicate that the groups are weakly diversified. The abundance of Microphanerophytes and species of the Fabaceae family reflects the fact that these sites belong to an arid climate. The abundance of widely distributed species on phytogeographic types confirms climatic aridity and environmental disturbance

    Effets de Faidherbia albida (Delile) sur Certains Paramètres de Croissance et de Rendement du Mil [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br], en Milieu Paysan, dans la Commune de Tibiri

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    Cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© conduite en milieu paysan dans la commune de Tibiri, oĂą la pratique de la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration naturelle assistĂ©e, RNA est bien ancrĂ©e dans les pratiques culturales des populations.  L’objectif gĂ©nĂ©rale est d’étudier les effets de F. albida sur les paramètres de croissance et de rendement du mil (Pennisetum glaucum). Pour ce faire, une expĂ©rimentation a Ă©tĂ© conduite dans le Village de Waraou ayant plus de dix ans d’expĂ©rience dans la pratique de la RNA. Un dispositif expĂ©rimental a Ă©tĂ© installĂ© sur le site avec des placettes annulaires concentriques centrĂ©es sur le tronc d’arbre. Ainsi, trois (3) aurĂ©oles R1, R2 et R3, du tronc de l’arbre vers l’extĂ©rieur du houppier, ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©finies pour chacun des individus. En vue de comparant les rĂ©sultats avec une situation de rĂ©fĂ©rence, des tĂ©moins oĂą le sol est supposĂ© ĂŞtre hors influence de l’arbres ont aussi Ă©tĂ© installĂ©s donnant ainsi quatre traitements Ă  savoir la 1ère, la 2ème, la 3ème aurĂ©ole et le tĂ©moin. Les paramètres Ă©tudiĂ©s sont les paramètres de croissance et les paramètres de rendement. Enfin, une analyse en composante principale (ACP) a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e pour comprendre les liens entre les paramètres Ă©tudiĂ©s et les diffĂ©rents traitements appliquĂ©s. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© qu’il n y’a pas eu de diffĂ©rence statistiquement significative entre tous les traitements au niveau des paramètres Ă©tudiĂ©s sauf pour le paramètre de rendement en biomasse. L’ACP a fait ressortir que la 1ère et la 2ème aurĂ©oles sont caractĂ©risĂ©es par beaucoup de feuilles, un bon diamètre de la tige principale et un bon diamètre en Ă©pis alors que la 3ème aurĂ©ole se caractĂ©rise par des feuilles larges et un bon rendement en grain. Le tĂ©moin se caractĂ©rise par un bon rendement en Ă©pis et un nombre Ă©levĂ© en Ă©pis. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus tĂ©moignent que F. albida amĂ©liore consĂ©quemment les paramètres de croissance et de rendement du mil.   This study was carried out in a farming environment in the commune of Tibiri, where the practice of RNA, assisted natural regeneration, is well anchored in the cultural practices of the populations. The main objective is to study the effects of Faidherbia albida on the growth and yield parameters of millet (Pennisetum glaucum). Thus, an experiment was conducted in the Village of Waraou wich has more than ten years of experience in RNA practicing. An experimental device was installed on the site with concentric annular plots centered on the tree trunk. Therefore, three (3) aureole R1, R2 and R3, from the trunk of the tree outwards, were defined for each individual. To comparing the results with a reference situation, controls where soil is assumed to be outside of tree’s influence giving so four treatments namely the 1st, 2nd, 3rd aureoles and the control. The parameters studied are growth parameters and yield parameters. Finally, a principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to understand the links between the parameters studied and the different treatments applied. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between all the treatments in terms of the parameters studied except for the biomass yield parameter. The PCA shows that the 1st and 2nd aureoles are characterized by many leaves, a good diameter of the main stem and a good ear diameter while the 3rd aureole is characterized by wide leaves and a good grain yield. The control is characterized by a good yield of ears and a high number of ears. Results obtained demonstrate that F. albida consequently improves the growth and yield parameters of millet

    Effets de Faidherbia albida (Delile) sur des Paramètres de Croissance et de Rendement du Mil (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br) en Milieu Paysan dans la Commune de Tibiri (Niger)

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    Cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© conduite en milieu paysan dans la commune de Tibiri, oĂą la pratique de la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration naturelle assistĂ©e, RNA est bien ancrĂ©e dans les pratiques culturales des populations.  L’objectif gĂ©nĂ©rale est d’étudier les effets de F. albida sur les paramètres de croissance et de rendement du mil (Pennisetum glaucum). Pour ce faire, un dispositif expĂ©rimental a Ă©tĂ© installĂ© sur le site avec des placettes annulaires concentriques centrĂ©es sur le tronc d’arbre. Ainsi, trois aurĂ©oles R1, R2 et R3, du tronc de l’arbre vers l’extĂ©rieur du houppier, ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©finies pour chacun des individus. En vue de comparer les rĂ©sultats avec une situation de rĂ©fĂ©rence, des tĂ©moins oĂą le sol est supposĂ© ĂŞtre hors influence de l’arbres ont aussi Ă©tĂ© installĂ©s donnant ainsi quatre traitements. Une analyse en composante principale a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e pour comprendre les liens entre les paramètres Ă©tudiĂ©s et les diffĂ©rents traitements appliquĂ©s. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© qu’il n y’a pas de diffĂ©rence significative entre les diffĂ©rents traitements sauf pour le rendement en biomasse. L’ACP a fait ressortir que la 1ère et la 2ème aurĂ©oles sont caractĂ©risĂ©es par beaucoup de feuilles, un bon diamètre de la tige principale et un bon diamètre en Ă©pis alors que la 3ème aurĂ©ole se caractĂ©rise par des feuilles larges et un bon rendement en grain. Le tĂ©moin se caractĂ©rise par un bon rendement en Ă©pis et un nombre Ă©levĂ© en Ă©pis. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus tĂ©moignent que F. albida amĂ©liore consĂ©quemment les paramètres de croissance et de rendement du mil.   This study was conducted in a peasant environment in the commune of Tibiri, where the practice of assisted natural regeneration, ANR, is well anchored in the cultivation practices of the populations.  The aim objective is to investigate the effects of F. albida on millet (Pennisetum glaucum) growth and yield parameters. To do this, an experimental device was installed on the site with concentric ring plots centred on the tree trunk. Thus, three halos R1, R2 and R3, from the trunk of the tree to the outside of the crown, were defined for each of the individuals. In order to compare the results with a reference situation, controls where the soil is assumed to be out of the influence of the tree were also installed, thus giving four treatments. A principal component analysis was performed to understand the relationships between the parameters studied and the different treatments applied. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the different treatments except for biomass yield. The ACP showed that the 1st and 2nd halos are characterized by many leaves, a good diameter of the main stem and a good diameter in spikes, while the 3rd halo is characterized by broad leaves and a good grain yield. The control is characterized by a good yield of ears and a high number of ears. The results obtained show that F. albida consequently improves millet growth and yield parameters
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