116 research outputs found

    A study of simulated boiling in vertical upward and downward flow

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    An investigation of the distribution of air and water in the upflow tube, U-bend and downflow tube of a two phase flow apparatus is presented here with the help of experimental results and photographs. Isokinetic and sampling probes were used to sample the flow. Probing was done at the centres and at the beginning of the upflow and downflow tubes

    EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF ODONTOGENIC INFECTIONS THROUGH CONTROLLED FASHION BY POLYMERIC DEVICE CONTAINING MOXYFLOXACIN

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    Objective: Present work demonstrates the use of film that releases the drug at a pre-programmed manner. Several methods have been explored for management of moxifloxacin in dealing of Odontogenic infections which are mainly caused by necrotic pulp or by bacterial invasion from the periodontal tissue. These are usually mixed bacterial infections, and they penetrate mostly into the soft and bony oromaxillofacial tissues to produce submucosal infiltrates and abscesses.Methods: The films were developed with the intention to minimize the dose of a drug, to deliver definite concentration and to preserve dosage at its site for a longer period by this means gets a better patient compliance. Moxifloxacin films were prepared by solvent casting technique using gellan gum at different concentrations and PEG 400 as plasticizers. Compatibility study such as FT-IR and DSC also performed to check the interaction between drug and excipients used. The formulations were evaluated for their thickness, weight uniformity, folding endurance, content uniformity, surface pH, In vitro drug release. Optimized formulations were subjected to in vitro antibacterial activity and stability studies to assess the effectiveness of the formulations.Results: Formulations shown the good uniformity of drug content, there was no any kind of effect on moisture loss test. Weight and thickness of the films were found to be uniform. Plasticizer like PEG400 was found to influence their effect on drug release as well as characteristics of films.Conclusion: In vitro studies revealed that the formulations provide the best alternative to prolong drug release at the end of 10 h and formulations remained stable with intact at ambient conditions.Â

    Extraction of sunnhemp fibre and its properties

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    An effort has been made to extract sunnhemp fibre from stalks of sunnhemp plants which are considered as agriculture waste after harvesting seeds. Sunnhemp (Crotalaria junceae) stalks have been rippled and stacked for about 20-30 days to dry the stalks. The dried stalks are then pre-treated with different retting agents, viz. urea and compost culture. Fibre is extracted by water retting (tank) method. Physico-chemical properties, microstructure and solubility tests of extracted sunnhemp fibre are performed. It is revealed that the urea treated stalks produce higher fibre yield with lower retting period. Urea treated sunnhemp stalks give relatively longer, finer and stronger fibres than the compost culture treated and control stalks. Lower per cent of lignin is observed in compost culture treated stalks. Sunnhemp fibre constitutes oblong shaped cross-section with elongated lumen. Like cellulosic fibres, sunnhemp fibre is soluble in concentrated acids and is least affected by solvents

    Learning internal iliac artery ligation and pelvic ureter course through cadaveric dissections

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    Background: Few surgical procedures, although vital, are not learnt and mastered during postgraduate courses in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Internal iliac artery ligation and tracing course of ureter are few of such surgical procedures. Cadaveric dissection sessions organized during postgraduate courses and as CME sessions (continued medical education) have proved useful in learning such unlearnt procedures. This article shares experiences from teaching internal iliac artery ligation, pelvic ureter course tracing and principles of many other unusual gynaecological surgical procedures to Obstetrics and Gynecology specialists and postgraduate students through CME programs involving cadaveric dissection.Methods: This involved organizing and conducting four cadaveric dissection CME workshops at three different teaching institutions. The components of these CMEs were lectures with power point presentations and two-way audio-visual interactive sessions while pelvic anatomy was demonstrated on cadavers through live dissections. Each CME was concluded by tactile experience to each delegate by handling the dissected cadavers; this was made possible by limiting delegate registration to 50 at each CME.Results: The surgical skills of internal iliac artery ligation and tracing course of pelvic ureter, which are not adequately and confidently learnt in routine postgraduate tenure, could be effectively transferred through cadaveric dissection.Conclusions: Revisiting anatomy dissection halls helps in learning rare but lifesaving surgical techniques. This can be achieved by arranging cadaveric dissection CMEs for practicing specialists. Such CMEs should be organized regularly and should be integrated into postgraduate curriculum

    Stress Distribution and Displacement of Craniofacial Structures Following Force Application in Treatment of an Operated Bilateral Facial Cleft

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    Objective:The purpose of this study was to analyze the stress distribution and displacement patterns within the craniofacial structures following application of transverse and anteriorly directed forces by means of rapid maxillary expansion and reverse pull headgear, respectively, using a finite element method in a patient with bilateral cleft.Materials and Method:A finite element model was used to determine stress distribution and displacement of various craniofacial structures following application of transverse and anteriorly directed forces.Results:Maximum forward displacement was 8.07 mm at the node corresponding to the incisal edge of the upper central incisor followed by 7.95 mm at the prosthion. Maximum positive displacement lateral displacement was 3.24 mm at the node representing the premolars. The lateral and medial pterygoid plates showed maximum superior movement of about 0.95 mm and 0.79 mm, respectively. In the dentoalveolar region, the stresses were highest in the apical region of the canine. In the maxilla, point A and ANS demonstrated higher stress values compared with previous studies; both inferior and superior surfaces demonstrated high stresses in the range of 10.11 to 10.20 kg/mm2.Conclusion:Although expansion can be achieved in adolescents, displacements are noted more in the structures located anteriorly and along the midline while the posterior and lateral structures demonstrate minimal displacement but high stresses. Rapid maxillary expansion must be used judiciously in adolescents because of its far-reaching effects involving heavy stresses noted at the sphenoid bone, zygomatic bone, nasal bone, and their adjacent sutures

    Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 3-aryl-4-methoxy N-alkyl maleimides

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    473-478In the present investigation, a series of 3-aryl-4-methoxy N-alkyl maleimide 5a-l have been synthesized and screened for their antimicrobial activity against one Gram positive bacteria (S. aureus), one Gram negative bacteria (E. coli) and fungal strains (C. albicans, C. tropicalis,  A. niger and A. clavatus). The structures of the compounds have been substantiated by their IR, NMR, mass and elemental analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of synthesized maleimides have been determined by broth microdilution method. Of the newly synthesized maleimides, compounds 5c, 5f, 5h, 5i, 5k and 5l registered significant activity against the tested microorganisms

    Chemical exfoliation of MoS2 leads to semiconducting 1T' phase and not the metallic 1T phase

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    A trigonal phase existing only as small patches on chemically exfoliated few layer, thermodynamically stable 1H phase of MoS2 is believed to influence critically properties of MoS2 based devices. This phase has been most often attributed to the metallic 1T phase. We investigate the electronic structure of chemically exfoliated MoS2 few layered systems using spatially resolved (lesser than 120 nm resolution) photoemission spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with state-of-the-art electronic structure calculations. On the basis of these results, we establish that the ground state of this phase is a small gap (~90 meV) semiconductor in contrast to most claims in the literature; we also identify the specific trigonal (1T') structure it has among many suggested ones

    Hydrography and water masses in the southeastern Arabian Sea during March-June 2003

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    This paper describes the hydrographic observations in the southeastern Arabian Sea (SEAS) during two cruises carried out in March-June 2003 as part of the Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment. The surface hydrography during March-April was dominated by the intrusion of low-salinity waters from the south; during May-June, the low-salinity waters were beginning to be replaced by the high-salinity waters from the north. There was considerable mixing at the bottom of the surface mixed layer, leading to interleaving of low-salinity and high-salinity layers. The flow paths constructed following the spatial patterns of salinity along the sections mimic those inferred from numerical models. Time-series measurements showed the presence of Persian Gulf and Red Sea Waters in the SEAS to be intermittent during both cruises: they appeared and disappeared during both the fortnight-long time series

    Preliminary evaluation of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) varieties at Konkan region of Maharashtra

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    The performance of 21 varieties of turmeric (Curcuma longa) for rhizome characters, yield and curcumin content was studied at Konkan region (Maharashtra). Salem was found to be the best variety, which recorded significantly higher weight of primary fingers (208.92 g), secondary fingers (243.75 g), yield plot' (11.99 kg) and yield hectare" (44,395 kg). The curcumin content was significantly higher in CA-71 (4.87%). The phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance on mean basis were appreciably high for yield and curcumin content. The magnitude for environmental coefficient of variation was very low

    The `Friction' of Vacuum, and other Fluctuation-Induced Forces

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    The static Casimir effect describes an attractive force between two conducting plates, due to quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic (EM) field in the intervening space. {\it Thermal fluctuations} of correlated fluids (such as critical mixtures, super-fluids, liquid crystals, or electrolytes) are also modified by the boundaries, resulting in finite-size corrections at criticality, and additional forces that effect wetting and layering phenomena. Modified fluctuations of the EM field can also account for the `van der Waals' interaction between conducting spheres, and have analogs in the fluctuation--induced interactions between inclusions on a membrane. We employ a path integral formalism to study these phenomena for boundaries of arbitrary shape. This allows us to examine the many unexpected phenomena of the dynamic Casimir effect due to moving boundaries. With the inclusion of quantum fluctuations, the EM vacuum behaves essentially as a complex fluid, and modifies the motion of objects through it. In particular, from the mechanical response function of the EM vacuum, we extract a plethora of interesting results, the most notable being: (i) The effective mass of a plate depends on its shape, and becomes anisotropic. (ii) There is dissipation and damping of the motion, again dependent upon shape and direction of motion, due to emission of photons. (iii) There is a continuous spectrum of resonant cavity modes that can be excited by the motion of the (neutral) boundaries.Comment: RevTex, 2 ps figures included. The presentation is completely revised, and new sections are adde
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