Study of maternal and fetal outcome in eclampsia at Government Medical college, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

Background: Eclampsia is an obstetric enigma. Eclampsia as a clinical entity has been known from times immemorial. Even today it is one of the dreaded complications. Today also eclampsia is a life-threatening emergency that continues to be a major cause of serious maternal and perinatal morbidity and it’s still the leading cause of maternal mortality in our country.Methods: Method analysis of case records of all eclampsia cases from study period of October 2013 to September 2015, a observational study.Results: The incidence of eclampsia was found to be 1.06% in GMC, Aurangabad. The number of maternal deaths of eclampsia patients was 7 out of 335 eclampsia cases. Maternal mortality in eclampsia patients was 2.08% in 2-year study, however maternal mortality in hospital was 0.23% in 2 years study and the perinatal mortality rate in eclampsia was 361 per 1000 total births. while it is 84 per 1000 total birth for total deliveries in GMC Aurangabad during study. Majority of patients i.e. 87.75% were in the age group of 16-25 years, 55.82% of total eclampsia were primigravida 57% eclampsia cases were referred from government or private hospitals, 11% booked in GMC and 32% patients were self.  Antepartum eclampsia was the commonest type 82.11%. 80% patients of eclampsia were delivered vaginally and 18% underwent caesarean section ,2% instrumental deliveries. 12% of babies had birth weight 1000gm. 41% babies delivered with weight 2001 gm. Out of 264 live births 92 babies required NICU admission and 45 babies died in early neonatal period.Conclusions: With good antenatal, intranatal and postnatal care with judicious use of anti-hypertensive, anti-convulsant and battery of investigations and judicious obstetric intervention, maternal and perinatal mortality can be reduced

How much antibiotic for cesarean section and hysterectomy: short course versus long course

Background: Objective of current study was to compare cost and efficacy of short course and long course prophylactic antibiotics for hysterectomy and cesarean section.Methods: The current study is observational study. It has two antibiotic regimens a short course and a long course and these are compared for average duration of antibiotics, average cost of antibiotics, and outcome measures such as wound infection and febrile illness. Data were analyzed using t test, Chi-squared test, Epi info software used for analysis.Results: The short course low cost regimen is as effective as more expensive long course regimen, with no significant difference of wound infections and febrile morbidity (P >0.05).Conclusions: No statistical difference as regard wound infection and febrile morbidity in short course and long course of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in cesarean section and hysterectomy. There is statistical difference in antibiotic cost between two regimen, short course and long course for cesarean section and hysterectomy. The cost of antibiotic is 5.53 times less in short course regimen for cesarean section and hysterectomy when compared with long course regimen

Debunching and Capture in the LEB for the SSC

The authors present the details of the capture process in the Low Energy Booster (LEB) for the SSC. They consider only the longitudinal dynamics. Space charge forces are computed quasistatically. The beam pipe is considered to be perfectly conducting. With respect to maximizing the capture efficiency and minimizing the space charge tune spread, initial few milliseconds are very important. They present only the first few milliseconds of the cycle, during which space charge effects are significant. For the numerical simulation they use the code ESME

Interferon-γ couples CD8+ T cell avidity and differentiation during infection

Effective responses to intracellular pathogens are characterized by T cell clones with a broad affinity range for their cognate peptide and diverse functional phenotypes. How T cell clones are selected throughout the response to retain a breadth of avidities remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that direct sensing of the cytokine IFN-γ by CD8+ T cells coordinates avidity and differentiation during infection. IFN-γ promotes the expansion of low-avidity T cells, allowing them to overcome the selective advantage of high-avidity T cells, whilst reinforcing high-avidity T cell entry into the memory pool, thus reducing the average avidity of the primary response and increasing that of the memory response. IFN-γ in this context is mainly provided by virtual memory T cells, an antigen-inexperienced subset with memory features. Overall, we propose that IFN-γ and virtual memory T cells fulfil a critical immunoregulatory role by enabling the coordination of T cell avidity and fate

Hydrography and water masses in the southeastern Arabian Sea during March-June 2003

This paper describes the hydrographic observations in the southeastern Arabian Sea (SEAS) during two cruises carried out in March-June 2003 as part of the Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment. The surface hydrography during March-April was dominated by the intrusion of low-salinity waters from the south; during May-June, the low-salinity waters were beginning to be replaced by the high-salinity waters from the north. There was considerable mixing at the bottom of the surface mixed layer, leading to interleaving of low-salinity and high-salinity layers. The flow paths constructed following the spatial patterns of salinity along the sections mimic those inferred from numerical models. Time-series measurements showed the presence of Persian Gulf and Red Sea Waters in the SEAS to be intermittent during both cruises: they appeared and disappeared during both the fortnight-long time series

The `Friction' of Vacuum, and other Fluctuation-Induced Forces

The static Casimir effect describes an attractive force between two conducting plates, due to quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic (EM) field in the intervening space. {\it Thermal fluctuations} of correlated fluids (such as critical mixtures, super-fluids, liquid crystals, or electrolytes) are also modified by the boundaries, resulting in finite-size corrections at criticality, and additional forces that effect wetting and layering phenomena. Modified fluctuations of the EM field can also account for the `van der Waals' interaction between conducting spheres, and have analogs in the fluctuation--induced interactions between inclusions on a membrane. We employ a path integral formalism to study these phenomena for boundaries of arbitrary shape. This allows us to examine the many unexpected phenomena of the dynamic Casimir effect due to moving boundaries. With the inclusion of quantum fluctuations, the EM vacuum behaves essentially as a complex fluid, and modifies the motion of objects through it. In particular, from the mechanical response function of the EM vacuum, we extract a plethora of interesting results, the most notable being: (i) The effective mass of a plate depends on its shape, and becomes anisotropic. (ii) There is dissipation and damping of the motion, again dependent upon shape and direction of motion, due to emission of photons. (iii) There is a continuous spectrum of resonant cavity modes that can be excited by the motion of the (neutral) boundaries.Comment: RevTex, 2 ps figures included. The presentation is completely revised, and new sections are adde

Students' mental health during the pandemic:results of the observational cross-sectional COVID-19 MEntal health inTernational for university Students (COMET-S) study

Introduction: The aim of the study was to search rates of depression and mental health in university students, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study. A protocol gathering sociodemographic variables as well as depression, anxiety and suicidality and conspiracism was assembled, and data were collected anonymously and online from April 2020 through March 2021. The sample included 12,488 subjects from 11 countries, of whom 9,026 were females (72.2%; aged 21.11 ± 2.53), 3,329 males (26.65%; aged 21.61 ± 2.81) and 133 “non-binary gender” (1.06%; aged 21.02 ± 2.98). The analysis included chi-square tests, correlation analysis, ANCOVA, multiple forward stepwise linear regression analysis and Relative Risk ratios. Results: Dysphoria was present in 15.66% and probable depression in 25.81% of the total study sample. More than half reported increase in anxiety and depression and 6.34% in suicidality, while lifestyle changes were significant. The model developed explained 18.4% of the development of depression. Believing in conspiracy theories manifested a complex effect. Close to 25% was believing that the vaccines include a chip and almost 40% suggested that facemask wearing could be a method of socio-political control. Conspiracism was related to current depression but not to history of mental disorders. Discussion: The current study reports that students are at high risk for depression during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified specific risk factors. It also suggested a role of believing in conspiracy theories. Further research is important, as it is targeted intervention in students' groups that are vulnerable both concerning mental health and conspiracism