Sorting Technique- An Efficient Approach for Data Mining

As the new data or updates are arriving constantly, it becomes very difficult to handle data in an efficient manner. Moreover, if data is not refreshed it will soon become of no use. Hence data should be updated on regular mode so that it do not obsolete in coming future. In traditional work several other approaches or methods like page ranking, i2mapreduce( that is extension of Map Reduce) were used to enhance performance and increase computation speed as well as run-time processing. But as we have seen the performance is not up to that level which is required in current environment. So, to overcome these drawbacks, in this paper sorting technique is proposed that can enhance mean value and overall performance

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF TAPENTADOL HCL, ACECLOFENAC AND PARACETAMOL IN TERNARY MIXTURE

Objective: To develop a accurate, precise and specific RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of Tapentadol HCl (TAP), Aceclofenac (ACE) and Paracetamol (PCM) in its laboratory synthetic mixture.Methods: The optimized method uses C8 Thermo quest, hypersil division, 250*4.60 mm; 5 μ column, mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer (pH 3) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 40:60, flow rate 0.8 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 217 nm.Results: The developed method resulted Paracetamol, Tapentadol HCl and Aceclofenac in eluting at 4.008 min 4.595 min and 6.073 min respectively. Linearity was observed over the concentration range of 52-130 µg/ml for PCM, 16-40 µg/ml forACE and 12-30 µg/ml forTAP. The percentage recovery was found to be in the range of 98-102% at three different levels of a standard addition. The precision (intra-day, inter-day) of the method was within the limit (RSD<2%).Conclusion: The proposed method was found to be accurate, precise, reproducible and specific and it can be used for qualitative and quantitative determination of Tapentadol HCl, Aceclofenac and Paracetamol in their combined dosage form in the pharmaceutical industry.Â

Sorting Technique- An Improvement towards HDD Utilization in HADOOP

A data is tremendously increasing everyday due to updates that are updated after a particular time interval. Therefore it is very hard to handle such a large data that is updated on common basis. Ample number of techniques was proposed in order to enhance the performance and efficiency. In this paper, a technique called as “sorting technique” is implemented so as to increase the mean value. Load of hadoop cluster will decrease in steeply manner when this technique is implemented. The results clearly defines the efficiency of the technique which is used and hence it also proves to be efficient than the traditional techniques

ANITINERARY TO ACCESS THE COLON

Although oral delivery has become a widely accepted route of administration of therapeutic drugs, the gastrointestinal tract presents several formidable barriers to drug delivery. The delivery of drugs to the colon has a number of important implications in the field of pharmacotherapy. Drugs that are destroyed by the acidic environment of the stomach or metabolized by pancreatic enzymes are only slightly absorbed in the colon. Targeted delivery of drugs to the colon has attracted much interest recently for local treatment of a variety of colonic diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which includes both ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease. The colon is also receiving significant attention as a portal for the entry of drugs into the systemic circulation. A variety of delivery strategies and systems have been proposed for colonic targeting.This article shall review the diversestrategies used to target the drug to the colon.The various features of different approaches allowing locally restricted drug delivery to the inflamed colon are discussed including the main physiological issues and histological changes of the colon as its cancer develops

Strain and Burden among Caregivers of Stroke Survivors in Punjab: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Caregivers may feel stressed and burdened while caring for a stroke survivor. However, very few studies have assessed the burden among caregivers of Indian stroke patients. Objectives: The present study was done to assess the magnitude and predictors of strain and burden among caregivers of stroke survivors discharged from a tertiary care hospital in Punjab, India. Method: This cross-sectional study included consecutive newly diagnosed stroke patients from January 2021 till April 2022 at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Amritsar, India. The level of strain and burden among the caregivers was assessed using the Caregiver’s strain index (CSI) and Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS) respectively. A minimum sample size of 110 stroke patients was calculated. Odds ratios were calculated for identifying predictors of strain and burden among caregivers using multivariate regression analysis. Results: Mean CSI for all caregivers was 6.67 ± 1.81. Using a cut-off of ≥ 7, authors found 40.2% of the caregivers to have great strain. Modified rankin scale (mRS) at the time of interview (AOR = 2.77, p value = 0.0063), presence of comorbidities in the patient (AOR = 3.07, p value = 0.023 and caregiver being female (AOR = 2.96, p value = 0.036) to be significantly associated with higher odds of having great strain. Using ZCBS, 18.1% had minimal burden, 53.5% had mild to moderate burden, 24.4% had moderate to severe burden and 3.9% had severe burden. mRS at the time of interview (AOR = 5.38, p value = 0.0048), presence of comorbidities in the patient (AOR = 7.63, p value = 0.0031), caregiver being female (AOR = 9.67, p value = 0.0072) and not being at all confident to care (AOR = 4.94, p value = 0.013) to be significantly associated with higher odds of having great burden, while rural residence (AOR = 0.55, p value = 0.0011) was associated with lower odds of high burden. Conclusion: High strain was observed among 40.1% of the care givers of Indian stroke survivors and 24.4% had moderate to severe burden. Thus, the strain and burden among caregivers of Indian stroke patients is very high

Clinical Profile and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Renal Transplant Recipients

There is minimal information on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in developing countries regarding renal transplant recipients (RTRs). This paper aimed to study the clinical profile, immunosuppressive regimen, treatment, and outcomes in an RTR with COVID-19. This retrospective study was conducted in the nephrology department of Sri Aurobindo Medical College & Postgraduate Institute, Indore (MP), India, from April 1, 2020 to December 15, 2020. We studied 15 patients, of which 13 were treated at our hospital and two were treated in OPD. The median age of transplant recipients was 45 (Interquartile range [IQR]: 26–62) years, the majority being males, and recipients presented at a median of 4 (IQR: 0.3–11) years after transplant. The most common comorbidities included hypertension in 14 (94%) and diabetes 3 (20%) patients. The presenting symptoms at presentation were cough (80%), headache (52%), fever (46%), and breathlessness (26%). Clinical severity as per computerized tomography (CT) severity score ranged from mild (20%), moderate (53%), and severe (27%). Strategies to modify immunosuppressants included discontinuation of antimetabolites without changes in calcineurin inhibitors and steroids (100%). Antiviral therapy (Favipiravir and Remdesivir) was associated with better outcomes and reduced hospital stay. Risk factors for mortality included ABO-incompatibility, severity of disease, high Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) score, allograft dysfunction before COVID-19 infection, acute kidney injury, elevated inflammatory markers, and intensive care unit/ventilator requirement. Overall patient mortality was 13.2%. Risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 positive with RTR appears to be ABO-incompatible transplant, having a previous history of rejection, and patient requiring ventilatory support

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to antibiotic use in Paschim Bardhaman District: A survey of healthcare providers in West Bengal, India

IntroductionAntibiotic misuse is widespread and contributes to antibiotic resistance, especially in less regulated health systems such as India. Although informal providers are involved with substantial segments of primary healthcare, their level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices is not well documented in the literature.ObjectivesThis quantitative study systematically examines the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of informal and formal providers with respect to antibiotic use.MethodsWe surveyed a convenience sample of 384 participants (96 allopathic doctors, 96 nurses, 96 informal providers, and 96 pharmacy shopkeepers) over a period of 8 weeks from December to February using a validated questionnaire developed in Italy. Our team created an equivalent, composite KAP score for each respondent in the survey, which was subsequently compared between providers. We then performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds of having a low composite score (ResultsDoctors scored highest in questions assessing knowledge (77.3%) and attitudes (87.3%), but performed poorly in practices (67.6%). Many doctors knew that antibiotics were not indicated for viral infections, but over 87% (n = 82) reported prescribing them in this situation. Nurses, pharmacy shopkeepers, and informal providers were more likely to perform poorly on the survey compared to allopathic doctors (OR: 10.4, 95% CI 5.4, 20.0, pConclusionsOur findings indicate poor knowledge and awareness of antibiotic use and functions among informal health providers, and dissonance between knowledge and practices among allopathic doctors. The nexus between allopathic doctors, pharmaceutical company representatives, and informal health providers present promising avenues for future research and intervention